Idwala laseRussia likhona, ngezindinganiso zomlando, hhayi kudala. Abayizimfundamakhwela bebelokhu bebhala umlando ngayo kusukela ngawo-1960, kepha imizamo “yokususa eyodwa kuye kweyodwa” yaseNtshonalanga eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule ayinakushiwo kubuciko obuzimele. Abaculi baseSoviet (uma uthanda, abazimele) abaculi baqala ukwenza izingcezu ezithembekile ezingaphansi noma kancane ekuqaleni kwawo-1970. Futhi vele maphakathi nalelo shumi leminyaka, i- "Time Machine" yaduma ngamandla amakhulu. Ukunyakaza kwamadwala kwafinyelela phezulu ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, kwathi ngokuwa kweSoviet Union, idwala laphenduka ngokushesha laba olunye lwezinhlobo zomculo we-pop nazo zonke izinzuzo nezinkinga zalo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukunyakaza kwamadwala e-USSR kwaba namandla amakhulu ngesikhathi sokushushiswa okukhulu kwemibono. Emadolobheni amakhulu, inani lamaqembu lalinenqwaba, futhi amakhulu abantu angena emakilabhini e-rock ahlukahlukene. Futhi lapho “konke okusiminyanise ngobusuku obunothuli” kunyamalala, kwavela ukuthi ababaningi abaculi abakulungele ukusebenza ngokomsebenzi. Idwala laseRussia lifana nebhola: ngisho namaqembu angama-20 awaqashwa kwiligi ephezulu.
Izinhlobo ezintsha zivela emculweni cishe njalo ngonyaka, noma kunjalo, njengaseNtshonalanga, "ama-oldies" ahlonishwa eRussia. Amabhendi asathandwa kakhulu, amalungu awo nabalandeli bawo "abelulekwe" ngamakhonsathi angekho emthethweni, futhi ochwepheshe nonjiniyela bemisindo baboshelwa ukuthengisa izikhulisi noma izipikha. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi u- "Alice", DDT, "Aquarium", "Chaif" noma "Nautilus Pompilius", uma ivuselelwa, izobuthana manje, njengeCord, izibukeli ezingaphezu kuka-60,000 enkundleni. Kodwa-ke, lawa, ngisho namaqembu amancane, awenzi phambi kwamahholo angenalutho. Umlando wedwala laseRussia uyaqhubeka, kepha amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo, ahlekisayo noma awaziwa kancane asengakhishwa kuwo.
1. Iqembu i- “Time Machine” ngo-1976 lazuza indawo yokuqala emkhosini owawuthi “Tallinn Songs of Youth-76”, ongamele ngaphezu kukaNgqongqoshe Wezimboni Zenyama Nezobisi waseRussian Federation. Leli qembu ngaleso sikhathi lalizilolonga e-Palace of Culture yalo mnyango, kepha bekungenakwenzeka ukuya emkhosini kanjalo nje, lodwa. Lo mkhosi uphawuleka nokuthi okokuqala ngqa i- "Aquarium" ibambe iqhaza emcimbini osemthethweni.
"Umshini wesikhathi" ngobusuku bokuphakama kokuthandwa kwawo
2. UVyacheslav Butusov waqala ukuxhumana kakhulu nomculo we-rock, kwathi ngo-1981, njengentatheli yephephandaba i-Institute "Architect", wahlanganisa umkhosi wokuqala wamadwala waseSverdlovsk. Lo mcimbi wenzeka e-Architectural Institute lapho uButusov afunda khona. Wayeyalwe ukuthi axoxisane noNastya Poleva no-Alexander Pantykin baseqenjini i-Urfin Jus. Ekhuluma noNastya, uVyacheslav ngandlela thile wanqoba amahloni akhe, kepha enkulumweni yakhe noPantykin wacela ukunika omunye wozakwabo, okungcono intombazane.
3. Iqembu lokuqala lamaSoviet eladlala ngefonogram kwakuyiqembu lamaKino. Ngo-1982, iqembu, elabe linabantu ababili - uViktor Tsoi no-Alexei Rybin - babengenaso umshayi wesigubhu. Unjiniyela womsindo u-Andrey Tropillo uphakamise ukuthi basebenzise umshini wesigubhu - okokusebenza kwe-elekthronikhi osezingeni eliphakeme. Umshini wawusakulungele ukuqoshwa estudiyo, kepha hhayi amakhonsathi - kwakumele wakhe kabusha ngemuva kwengoma ngayinye. Ngenxa yalokho, uBoris Grebenshchikov wamema abafana ukuba benze ekhonsathini yabo yokuqala ngesigqi somshini wesigubhu orekhodwe kwirekhoda. Umsindo wale moto ungezwakala ezingomeni ze-albhamu ethi “45”.
4. I-albhamu eyingqophamlando ethi "Nautilus" engabonakali, eyayihlanganisa nengoma yenkolo hhayi yedwala kuphela, kodwa nawo wonke umculo waseSoviet ongasekho, "Ngifuna ukuba nawe", yarekhodwa yahlanganiswa efulethini likaDmitry Umetsky ekuqaleni kuka-1985. UNdunankulu wenzeka edisco egumbini lokulala le-Architectural Institute futhi wehluleka nhlobo. Kodwa phakathi kwabaculi be-rock, izingoma zenza ezibukwayo. Futhi kwabanye, lokhu kuzwa kwakungekuhle neze. U-Pantykin, ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule utshele uButusov no-Umetsky ukuthi abanalutho abazolubamba edwaleni, ngemuva kokulalela "Okungabonakali" wasukuma waphuma ngokuthula ekamelweni. Kusukela lapho i- "Urfin Deuce" kanye nomholi wayo abakaze babhale noma yini enengqondo.
5. Ngesikhathi iqembu likaChaif lidalwa eSverdlovsk, babazi ngedwala laseMoscow ukuthi kwakuyi "Time Machine", futhi ngedwala laseLeningrad kwakungu "Aquarium", uMike (Naumenko, "iZoo") noTsoi. Isigingci sesikhathi esizayo sika "Chaifa" uVladimir Begunov ngandlela thile sithole ukuthi uMike noTsoi beza eSverdlovsk bezofuna amakhonsathi amafulethi. Njengephoyisa, wabona kalula ifulethi lapho iLeningrad ingafika khona, futhi wazethemba kumnikazi ngokuthenga amabhodlela amaningi e-vodka. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokusho kukaBegunov uqobo, uMike weza "nesilo esiphelele sohlobo olungakahleleki lobuzwe basempumalanga." Lo wesibili naye ungene engxoxweni, ekugcineni eyakhipha uBegunov kuye. Ukukhulunywa ngegama kuphela "uKino" kanye nokuhlangana nesibongo noma isiteketiso "Tsoi" kwasiza uBegunov ukuqagela ukuthi ngubani lo mshophi ongakahleleki.
UVladimir Begunov ebusheni bakhe
6. U-Artyom Troitsky wanikeza umfutho omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni umculo we-rock eSoviet Union. Njengendodana yediplomate ovelele, wayephakathi kwemibuthano yeziphathimandla zamasiko ngaleso sikhathi futhi ehlela njalo ukuhlolwa okungekho emthethweni namakhonsathi amafulethi ama-rockers abamele isiko lamaSoviet. Abaqambi, abaculi nabaculi abakwazanga ukuthonya isikhundla seqembu eliphakeme, kepha idwala, okungenani, layeka ukuba yinto uqobo. Futhi usizo ngezitudiyo zokuqopha nezinsimbi zomculo kwakungeyona into engadingekile kwabampofu kuningi labaculi.
7. Ngenkathi ngo-1979 i-Time Machine empeleni yawela enqubeni yempumelelo, uVladimir Kuzmin wayengaphelela kuyo. Okungenani, bathi, u-Andrei Makarevich wenza okunjalo. Kodwa-ke, uKuzmin wabe esedlala eqenjini elifanayo no-Alexander Barykin noYuri Boldyrev futhi, ngokusobala, wayesevele ecabanga ngokudala "iDynamics". Kamuva uMakarevich wasenqaba lesi siphakamiso.
8. Izindlela ezingenakubalwa zedwala laseRussia zikhonjiswe kahle ngengoma ethi "Bheka Esikrinini". UButusov wathola umugqa othi "u-Alain Delon akaphuzi i-cologne" olimini lwakhe. U-Ilya Kormiltsev waqopha ngokushesha imigqa mayelana nesiwula sesifundazwe, isithonjana sayo esingumfanekiso womlingisi waseFrance onqunywe kumagazini. Ngokubona kukaKormiltsev, lo mbhalo wawuyinto efana nokudla okuhlekisayo - umuntu owazi izilimi eziyishumi nambili nengxenye angaxhumana kanjani nabesifazane besifundazwe abanjalo? Butusov, njengoba kabusha umbhalo, wenza ingoma ehlaba kangaka aphume emavesini ukuthi Kormiltsev akazange acabange ngisho ukuvikela ubuqotho umbhalo wakhe. U-Yuri Shevchuk udwebe umugqa ngaphansi komlando wengoma. Umhambuma we-Ufa onentshebe, walethwa eSverdlovsk yimimoya engaqondakali, phambi kukaKormiltsev washaya uButusov ehlombe futhi waqamba amanga: "Uyabona, Slavka, uthola izingoma ezingcono kakhulu ngezingoma zakho!"
9. Umculi we-guitarist weqembu le-Chaif uVladimir Begunov wasebenza iminyaka eyisithupha njengesisebenzi sePatrol and Guards Service eSverdlovsk. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngasekupheleni kuka-1985, uVyacheslav Butusov, owayehamba ngokuthula eya emhlanganweni ojwayelekile weSverdlovsk rock club, wezwa umsindo odumayo ovela e-UAZ yamaphoyisa eyayimi eceleni komgwaqo: "Citizen Butusov, woza lapha!" Ngaleso sikhathi, abaculi be-rock babesabisa kakhulu ngokuqashwa kwe-KGB kangangokuba uButusov wahamba waya emotweni yokugada, njengeGolgotha. Amasosha noBegunov ekhanda kwakudingeka amthengise ngenani elifanele letheku.
Abagijimi kuseyiphoyisa
10. Kuze kube maphakathi nawo-1980, amaqembu amaningi edwala laseSoviet ayenezinkinga ezinkulu zehadiwe. Lokhu kusebenza kuzinsimbi zomculo, izikhulisi nezipikha, ngisho nekhonsoli yokuxuba elula ibonakale iyisimangaliso sangempela. Ngakho-ke, abaculi babevame ukulungela ukudlala mahhala, uma abahleli bekhonsathi "bekhipha izinsimbi" - behlinzeka ngemishini yabo. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi abahleli bahlomula ngokungenamahloni kubaculi - i-rock kanye notshwala, noma ngisho ukudakwa kwezidakamizwa behamba behambisana. Ekucabangeni kokudala, abaculi bangalimaza kalula imishini ebizayo.
11. Ekuthomeni kweperestroika, ngo-1986, lapho kwabonakala kuwo wonke umuntu ukuthi yonke into yayizokwenzeka “ngokungenzeka,” abaqambi uYuri Saulsky no-Igor Yakushenko bancenga u-Andrei Makarevich ukuba angene eGnesinsky Institute. Ngalo lonke udumo lwangaleso sikhathi nemali enhle, lokhu kwaba nengqondo - uMakarevich akazange athole imali yobukhosi ngokusebenza kwezingoma zakhe zabanye abaculi. Ngokuphambene nokulindelwe kukaMakarevich ongenamqondo, ikomidi lokukhetha lamshaya ngeqiniso. Umvuthwandaba kube wukusebenza kwengoma. Evesini lokuqala leqhwa, umholi we-Time Machine waphazanyiswa: isichazamazwi esingesihle, akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukuthola umbhalo. Ngemuva kwalokho uMakarevich waphenduka washiya.
12. Enye yezingoma eziyizintandokazi zikaVyacheslav Butusov ethi "The Prince of Silence" yabhalwa nguye emavesini wembongi yaseHungary u-Endre Adi. Kwesinye isikhathi, uVyacheslav wathenga iqoqo lemisebenzi yezimbongi zaseHungary emgwaqweni (bekunezikhathi - kungasiphi isenzakalo lapho umuntu engathenga khona i-anthology yezimbongi zaseHungary ngesiRussia namuhla?). Izinkondlo uqobo lwazo zamtshela umculo. Ingoma yafakwa ku-albhamu kazibuthe ethi "Okungabonakali" futhi yaba endala kunayo yonke ku-albhamu yokuqala ethi "Nautilus Pompilius", eyakhishwa ngo-1989.
13. Ngesikhathi sokuqoshwa kwengoma ethi "Farewell Letter" ye-albhamu yokuqala ephelele yeqembu le- "Prince of Silence", u-Alla Pugacheva wasebenza njengephimbo lomsekeli. Okubaluleke kakhulu kube umnikelo wePrima Donna yesikhathi esizayo ekusekelweni kobuchwepheshe bokuqoshwa - kwakunguPugacheva owancenga u-Alexander Kalyanov ukuthi anikeze isitudiyo sakhe sokuqopha i- "The Prince of Silence".
U-Alla Pugacheva kanye no "Nautilus Pompilius"
14. Esikhathini sokuqala komsebenzi weqembu le-Chaif, umholi walo, uVladimir Shakhrin, wayeyiphini lomkhandlu wesifunda (ofanele iminyaka nomsebenzi wobungcweti, oqokwa ngenkathi esohambweni lwebhizinisi) futhi eyilungu lekhomishini yamasiko. Ngemuva kwekhonsathi yokuqala, iqembu lafakwa ohlwini olwenqatshelwe. Inhloko yekomidi yathukuthela yalesi simo lapho umholi weqembu elalivinjelwe wayesebenza ngaphansi kweso lakhe (uShakhrin wayengayi emihlanganweni), kodwa wayengenakwenza lutho.
15. "Ukwazi" okuphelele kwedwala laseSoviet kwaba yilokho okwakuthiwa yi- "Lithuanian" (imvume) yemibhalo. Ikhomishini ekhethekile, ebandakanya bobabili ongoti nabantu ababekude kakhulu nomculo, ngisho naserock futhi nangaphezulu, abantu, bawahlola amagama. Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-lyrics ayebhekwa futhi ethathwa njengenye yezimpawu zedwala laseRussia, ephepheni zivame ukubukeka zingenangqondo futhi zingenangqondo. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yesiLithuania kwesinye isikhathi yayifana nesiketi: elinye lamalungu ekhomishini lalingafuna ukuthi kuguqulwe imvumelwano ethi "lona", kanti abanye babefuna kakhulu ukunyundelwa mayelana nendlela yokuphila yaseSoviet kulo mbhalo (uma bekungekho lutho emphakathini kulo mbhalo, bangasola ngokungabi khona isikhundla empilweni). Ngemuva kwesihlanzo saseLithuania, le ngoma ibingenziwa esidlangalaleni, kepha mahhala - isiLithuania asibanikanga abaculi noma isiphi isimo esisemthethweni. Amahlaya kwesinye isikhathi abachaza ubuhlanya bezinye izingoma ze- "Aquarium", "Kino" namanye amaqembu aseLeningrad ngokunembile ngesifiso sokungena ngaphandle kwenqubo yokuvunywa ngaphandle kobuhlungu. Futhi eqenjini elithi "Aria" isiqubulo sama-fascists ase-Italiya "Intando Nesizathu" sahamba njengewashi - kwesinye isikhathi, ngaphezu kokuqapha kwe-proletarian, isiko elijwayelekile liyadingeka futhi. Kuliqiniso, ku- "Aria" bebengazi ngesiqubulo futhi.
16. Ekwindla ka-1990, "uNautilus", owayesevele esohlwini olusha, ngaphandle kukaDmitry Umetsky, wazungeza iJalimane ngebhasi lakhe elincane ngochungechunge lwamakhonsathi. Ngelinye ilanga ikhumbi yaphela uphethiloli. UButusov nomshayi wesigingci u-Yegor Belkin nomshayi wesigubhu u-Igor Javad-zade, owayesanda kuvela eqenjini, wahamba namakani aya ophikweni lwezempi oluseduze. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngaphambili, abaculi, ngosizo lokumamatheka, izithombe nama-autographs, bakwazile ukuthola amathikithi ayi-10 aya e-USA “yanamuhla” avela kubaphathi bemali be-Aeroflot, obekungakholeki. Ukumamatheka akuzange kuphele nezikhulu zeSoviet Army - bekufanele banikeze ikhonsathi kuzinsimbi ezikhona kuleyunithi.
17. Ngokuvamile, iJalimane akunakwenzeka ukuthi ivuse izinkumbulo ezinhle zabahlanganyeli beNautilus. Leli qembu labamba iqhaza ekhonsathini elalinikezelwe ukuhoxiswa kwamasosha aseSoviet (kunjalo, isizathu esihle sokuhlela ikhonsathi enkulu). Sebefikile endaweni ngendiza yezempi, laba baculi bakwazile ukufika endaweni yekhonsathi eseduze neReichstag eBerlin. Lapho kwavela ukuthi ikhonsathi lalivulwa yizinhlangano. UPyatnitsky no-Aleksandrova, bayaqhubeka "uNautilus Pompilius" noLyudmila Zykina, futhi baqeda iqembu "Na-Na". Akukaze kube khona omunye wabasakazi baseRussia owayenethuba lokudlala kwi-hodgepodge enjalo kuleyo minyaka.
18. Mhlawumbe iculo elidume kakhulu leqembu likaChaif elithi, “Khalani ngaye,” lalibhalwe ngesikhathi lapho leli qembu laphela nya ukubakhona ngo-1989. "UChaif" wawa ngenxa yezizathu eziningi: ezezimali, kanye nokungahleleki kweqembu, futhi-ke, ukuphuza okungapheli, lapho i-teetotal Shakhrin yadonswa khona kancane kancane, yadlala indima. Le ngoma - hhayi yena yedwa, yebo - yasiza leli qembu ukuba libuyele ndawonye. Futhi sekuvele kukhwalithi entsha, yobungcweti.
"Chaif" ngosuku olwandulela ukuwa
19. Ngezikhathi zamaSoviet, ukuze uthole isisekelo sokuzijwayeza, ubudinga ukuxhumana noma ukushintshana (ngikunikeza igumbi, futhi unikeza amakhonsathi ngamaholide). Ngemuva kwalokho imali yaqala ukunquma konke. Ngasikhathi sinye, akukho okushintshile kubaculi - abaqalayo kwadingeka babambe noma yiliphi ithuba lokuthola igumbi lokuzijwayeza mahhala. Ngakho-ke, uMikhail Gorshenyov aka "Pot" no-Andrey Knyazev aka "Prince", ababefunda ndawonye esikoleni sokubuyiselwa, bathola umsebenzi eHermitage kuphela ngoba abasebenzi bayo bababelwe izindlu, yize bebehlala ezindlini zomphakathi. Yile ndlela iqembu le “King and the Jester” elizalelwe ngayo egumbini eliseflethini lomphakathi.
20. Kungumqondo owaziwayo ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kwabaculi be-rock akuzange kugqugquzelwe abaphathi beqembu, kodwa ngabaqambi “abasemthethweni” - ababhali abasha basongela ngqo imali yabo ngendlela yama royalties. Ukuqinisekiswa okungaqondile kwalo mqondo ukuthandwa kwabaculi be-rock phakathi kwabenzi bamafilimu. Ama-Rockers ayeqopha ngenkuthalo ngawo-1970, futhi umculo wawo wawusetshenziswa obala ngesimo sokuhambisana komculo. Isibonelo, ngo-1987, phakathi nokushushiswa kwedwala, umholi ka "Alice" Konstantin Kinchev wadlala kwifilimu ethi "Burglar". Ngaphezu kwezingoma zika- "Alice", ifilimu iqukethe izingoma zamabhendi ama-rock angaphezulu ama-5. Futhi kunezibonelo eziningi ezinjalo. Ukube iCentral Committee ye-CPSU ibikhathazeke kakhulu ngama-rock saboteurs anemibono, bebengeke bavunyelwe ukushutha ebhayisikobho, njengoba, njengoba wazi, amaKhomanisi abheka ubuciko obubaluleke kakhulu.
