Akukadluli ngisho iminyaka engamashumi amane selokhu kwashona u-Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov, kepha umlando wesimanje ogxumayo uhlehlisa ngokungenakulinganiswa umzamo wokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwezepolitiki nezomnotho lweSoviet Union oluhlobene negama likaAndropov. U-Andropov ngokwakhe ubeselungiselela lo mzamo iminyaka eminingi, futhi waqala ukuwusebenzisa, waba ngo-1982 uNobhala Jikelele weCentral Committee yeCPSU.
Maye, umlando nempilo kumnikeze unyaka nezinyanga ezintathu zomsebenzi kulesi sikhundla, futhi noma kunjalo u-Andropov wasichitha isikhathi esiningi esibhedlela. Ngakho-ke, noma ababephila ngesikhathi sika-Andropov, futhi ngeke sazi ukuthi iSoviet Union ngabe ibukeka kanjani ukube uYuri Vladimirovich wayifezile imibono yakhe.
I-biography kaAndropov iphikisana njengezombusazwe zakhe. Iqukethe amaqiniso amaningi angaqondakali kanye nezikhala nje. Isici esiyinhloko sempilo kaNobhala Jikelele, okungenzeka kakhulu, kufanele sicatshangelwe ukuthi akazange asebenze usuku olulodwa ekukhiqizeni kwangempela. Okuthunyelwe kobuholi ku-Komsomol neqembu kunikeza ulwazi ngama-apharathasi, kepha akusizi ngalutho nganoma iyiphi indlela ekwakheni impendulo ngempilo yangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi ka-Andropov waqala ngaleyo minyaka lapho ukwehluleka ukuthobela imiyalo yeziphathimandla kwakungacabangi.
1. Ngokwemibhalo, u-Yu V. Andropov wazalwa ngo-1914 eStavropol Territory. Kodwa-ke, wathola isitifiketi sokuzalwa esifundeni saseCossack eneminyaka engu-18 kuphela. Okuningi kusho ukuthi empeleni unobhala jikelele wesikhathi esizayo wazalelwa eMoscow. Abanye abacwaningi babheka igama lika-Andropov, igama lakhe, nesibongo njengamagama-mbumbulu, ngoba ubaba wakhe kwakunguFinn, owayesebenza njengesikhulu embuthweni wama-tsarist, okwakungazange kulekelele ngaleyo minyaka emsebenzini weqembu.
2. U-Yuri Vladimirovich impilo yakhe yonke wahlushwa uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwesifo sikashukela, ngenxa yalokho abhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu zokubona.
3. U-Andropov wayengenayo imfundo ephakeme yobungcweti - waphothula esikoleni sobuchwepheshe bemifula kanye neHigher Party School - isikhungo esasinikeza abasebenzi bezinhlelo zemfundo ephakeme ngemfundo ephakeme.
4. Eminyakeni engaphezudlwana kwengu-10, u-Andropov, oqhamuka esikhundleni sokuba ngunobhala wenhlangano yeKomsomol yesikole sobuchwepheshe, wasukuma waba ngunobhala wesibili weqembu lamaKhomanisi lase-republic.
5. I-biography esemthethweni ibeka u-Andropov ebuholini bomzabalazo wobumbano kanye nomshoshaphansi e-Karelia, kodwa-ke, okungenzeka ukuthi lokhu akulona iqiniso. I-Andropov ayinayo imiyalo yezempi - isethi yezindondo ejwayelekile.
6. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, umsebenzi ka-Andropov ngasizathu simbe wenza amazombe acijile - i-apparatchik yephathi iba ngusomaqhinga, futhi ngaso leso sikhathi, ekuqaleni, waba yinhloko yomnyango woMnyango Wezangaphandle, wabe eseyinxusa laseHungary.
7. Ngokuhlanganyela kwakhe ekucindezelweni kokuvukela umbuso kwaseHungary, u-Andropov wathola i-Order of Lenin. Kepha ukuthonywe kakhulu yimibono ayitholile yokuthi ngeke kuvele ngisho nezinguquko, kepha ukwehliswa okuncane kwenqubomgomo yasekhaya - imicimbi yaseHungary yaqala ngezimfuno ezincane njengokuhlangana kwengqungquthela yeqembu kanye nokudilizwa kwetshe lesikhumbuzo likaStalin. Baphetha ngokulengiswa kwamakhomanisi esigcawini, kanti ubuso bababulewe bushe nge-acid.
8. Ngokukhethekile ku-Andropov, umnyango wasungulwa eKomidini Elikhulu Le-CPSU ukuphatha ukubambisana nezinhlangano zamakhomanisi zakwamanye amazwe. KaYuri Vladimirovich wayihola iminyaka engu-10.
9. Eminyakeni eyi-15 eyalandela, u-Andropov wahola i-KGB ye-USSR.
10. U-Andropov waba yilungu lePolitburo yeKomidi Elikhulu ngo-1973 eneminyaka engama-59.
11. NgoMeyi 1982, u-Andropov wakhethwa njengoNobhala, kwathi ngoNovemba - uNobhala Jikelele weKomidi Elikhulu leCPSU. Ngokusemthethweni, uNobhala-Jikelele waba yinhloko yezwe laseSoviet ngoJuni 16, 1983, lapho kwenziwa inqubo yokukhethwa kwakhe njengoSihlalo wePresidium yeSupreme Soviet.
12. Kakade ngoJulayi 1983, impilo ka-Andropov yawohloka kakhulu. NgoFebhuwari 9 wonyaka olandelayo, wabulawa wukuhluleka ukusebenza kwezinso.
13. Ngaphandle kwesimo esishubile senqubomgomo yezangaphandle, iPhini likaMongameli waseMelika uGeorge W. Bush kanye noNdunankulu waseBrithani uMargaret Thatcher bandizela emngcwabeni ka-Y. Andropov.
14. NgoJanuwari 1984, umagazini iTime waqamba osopolitiki ababili ngasikhathi sinye “Umuntu Wonyaka”: UMongameli waseMelika uReagan kanye noNobhala Jikelele weSoviet owayefa u-Andropov.
15. Njengenhloko ye-KGB, u-Andropov uyiqinise kakhulu impi yokulwa nenhlangano ephikisayo, wakhela lokhu isakhiwo esikhethekile (Isigaba 5) ngaphakathi kohlaka lomsebenzi wakhe. Abaphikisi bazanywa, badingiswa, baxoshwa e-USSR, futhi baphathwa ngenkani ezibhedlela zabagula ngengqondo. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980, inhlangano ephikisayo yayihluliwe.
16. Isigaba sesihlanu asibandakanyi nje kuphela abalwa nabangavumelani, kodwa namaqembu alwa nobuphekula adalwe ngokomyalo kasihlalo wekomidi.
17. Ngasikhathi sinye, u-Andropov walwela ukuhlanza amarekhodi eqembu le-nomenklatura. Okwamanje, izinto ezisolayo zaqoqwa nje ku-KGB, futhi ngemuva kokhetho luka-Yuri Vladimirovich njengonobhala jikelele wezwe, izinqubo ezisebenzayo zaqala ukuqeda inkohlakalo nokufumbathisa. Abanye babo bagcina ngesigwebo sentambo. Isikhundla sabanecala sasingenandaba - bahlala ethekwini ongqongqoshe, abamele iqembu elite ngisho nezihlobo nabangane abaseduze baka-Andropov owandulela, uLeonid Brezhnev.
18. Ukuhlasela kwabavakashi abaya emabhayisikobho, ezindaweni zokudlela, kubalungisi bezinwele, ezindaweni zokugeza, njll. Ngezikhathi zomsebenzi manje sekubukeka sengathi kunelukuluku futhi kwabonwa kabi ngumphakathi. Kodwa-ke, umqondo wezenzo zeziphathimandla wawusobala impela: ukuhleleka akumele kusungulwe ngenhla kuphela kepha nangaphansi.
19. Izingxoxo mayelana nenkululeko ethile ka-Andropov, ukuthanda kwakhe umculo waseNtshonalanga nezincwadi kwakusatshalaliswa ngamahemuhemu ngobuciko. U-Andropov angabonakala engongqondongqondo kuphela ngokuya ngasemuva kwamanye amalungu ePolitburo. Futhi umbhali uJulian Semyonov, owayenobuhlobo obucishe bube nobungane no-Andropov, waba nesandla ekusakazeni amahemuhemu.
20. Kungenzeka kube uchungechunge lwezenzakalo, kodwa uchungechunge lokufa okungazelelwe kwabangenzeka abalandela uL. ) kanye nokushushiswa okucishe kukhombise usihlalo weLeningrad City Committee uG.Romanov nelungu lePolitburo A. Shelepin kubukeka kusolisa kakhulu. Ngaphandle kukaGrechko, bonke laba bantu babenamathuba angcono okuthola isikhundla esiphezulu eqenjini nasezweni kunakwa-Andropov.
21. Elinye iqiniso elisolisayo. Emhlanganweni wePolitburo, lapho u-Andropov akhethwa njengonobhala jikelele, umholi weQembu LamaKhomanisi lase-Ukraine V. Shcherbitsky, owayese-United States, wayezobamba iqhaza. Igunya likaSherbitsky lalilikhulu kakhulu, kepha akakwazanga ukubamba iqhaza emhlanganweni - iziphathimandla zaseMelika zabambezela ukuhamba kwendiza nezithunywa zaseSoviet.
22. U-Andropov wakhetha umugqa wokuziphatha ongaphumelelanga weSoviet Union esimweni lapho iSouth Korea Boeing yadutshulwa yaya eMpumalanga Ekude. Izinsuku eziyi-9 ngemuva kokuthi le liner idutshulwe umshayeli wendiza waseSoviet, ubuholi baseSoviet buthule, behla ngesitatimende esingaqondakali se-TASS. Futhi kuphela lapho i-anti-Soviet hysteria yayivele idlangile emhlabeni ngamandla amakhulu, imizamo yezincazelo yaqala ukuthi akekho noyedwa owayefuna ukuzwa - wonke umuntu wayazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi amaRussia abulale abagibeli abamsulwa abangama-269.
23. Izinguquko ekuphathweni komnotho, ezenziwa ngesikhathi esifushane sokubusa kuka-Andropov, zavula indlela yokuthi i-perestroika kaGorbachev. Noma kunjalo, amaqoqo ezabasebenzi nabaphathi bamabhizinisi bathola amalungelo amaningi, ukuhlolwa kwaqala kweminye iminyango.
24. U-Yuri Andropov wazama ukuqhuba inqubomgomo elinganisanayo yangaphandle. Kodwa isikhathi sasinzima kakhulu kunoma yikuphi ukujwayelekile kobudlelwano phakathi kwe-USSR ne-West. UMongameli Reagan umemezele iSoviet Union "njengoMbuso Omubi", wafaka imicibisholo eYurophu futhi wethula uhlelo lweStar Wars. Unobhala-jikelele weSoviet waphazanyiswa nayimpilo yakhe - avalelwe esibhedlela, wayengakwazi ukuxhumana nabantu abaholi bamanye amazwe.
25. U-Andropov usolwa ngesikhundla esinzima kakhulu esathathwa maqondana nokwethulwa kwamasosha e-Afghanistan. Kodwa-ke, ubengomunye wezikhulumi ezintathu emhlanganweni wePolitburo, othathe isinqumo esibuhlungu.
