ICasa Batlló ayaziwa kangako kubantu bomhlaba, kepha ngokuqinisekile izofakwa ezinhlelweni zokuvakasha zaseBarcelona. Kukhona negama lesibili lale ndawo - iNdlu Yamathambo. Lapho kuhlobiswa i-facade, kwasetshenziswa imibono eyingqayizivele eyaguqula isakhiwo sokuhlala saba yinto yobuciko, isibonelo esimangalisayo sokuguquguquka kwesitayela se-Art Nouveau ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo.
Ukuqala kwephrojekthi enkulu yeCasa Batlló
Ku-43 Passeig de Gràcia eBarcelona, isakhiwo esijwayelekile sokuhlala savela okokuqala ngo-1875. Kwakungekho lutho oluphawuleka ngakho, ngakho-ke umnikazi wayo, njengomuntu ocebile, wanquma ukudiliza ibhilidi elidala futhi adale okuthile okuthakazelisa kakhulu endaweni yalo, ngokuya ngesimo. Bese kuhlala lapha isicebi esidumile somkhakha wezindwangu uJosepo Batlló. Wanikeza isakhiwo sakhe sefulethi kumakhi wezakhiwo owayedumile ngaleso sikhathi u-Antoni Gaudi, owayesevele eseqede ngempumelelo iphrojekthi engaphezu kweyodwa.
Ukuba ngumdali ngokwemvelo, uGaudi wabheka ngenye indlela indlu yendwangu futhi wamnqanda ekucekeleni phansi isakhiwo. Umdwebi wamapulani wagcina izindonga njengesisekelo, kepha waguqula zombili izinhlangothi ze-façade ngaphezu kokuqashelwa. Indlu ezinhlangothini yayakhelene nezinye izakhiwo emgwaqweni, ngakho-ke kuphela izingxenye zangaphambili nezingemuva ezaziphelile. Ngaphakathi, inkosi yakhombisa inkululeko eyengeziwe, yaletha imibono yayo engajwayelekile empilweni. Abagxeki bezobuciko bakholelwa ukuthi kwakunguCasa Batlló owaba ukwakhiwa kuka-Antoni Gaudí, lapho ayeka khona ukusebenzisa izixazululo zesitayela sendabuko, wengeza nezisusa zakhe ezihlukile ezaba luphawu lomakhi.
Ngaphandle kokuthi ifulethi alikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi likhulu impela, ukuqeda kwalo kwathatha cishe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. UGaudí wenza lo msebenzi ngo-1877, wawuphothula ngo-1907. Izakhamizi zaseBarcelona zilandele ngokuzikhandla ukuphindukuzalwa kwendlu iminyaka eminingi kangaka, futhi ukunconywa komdali wayo kwasabalala ngaphandle kweSpain. Kusukela lapho, bambalwa abantu ababenentshisekelo yokuthi ngubani ohlala kule ndlu, ngoba zonke izivakashi zedolobha zazifuna ukubona ingaphakathi.
Izakhiwo zanamuhla
Ukuchazwa kwezici zokwakha akubambeki kangako ezimisweni zanoma yisiphi isitayela esisodwa, noma kunenkolelo evamile yokuthi lesi sesesimanje. Ukuqondiswa kwesimanje kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanganisela ezahlukahlukene zezixazululo zedizayini, ukuhlanganisa izinto ezibonakala zingalungile. Umakhi wezakhiwo wazama ukuletha okusha emhlobisweni weCasa Batlló, futhi akazange aphumelele nje, kepha waphuma ngokulinganisela, ngokuvumelana nangokungajwayelekile.
Izinto ezisemqoka zokuhlobisa ama-facade kwakungamatshe, izitsha zobumba nezingilazi. Uhlangothi lwangaphambili lunenqwaba yamathambo osayizi abehlukene ahlobisa amabhalkhoni namawindi. Lezi ezizayo, nazo, ziba ncane ngesitezi ngasinye. Ukunakwa okukhulu kwanikezwa i-mosaic, eyayibekiwe hhayi ngohlobo oluthile lokudweba, kodwa ngenhloso yokwakha umdlalo obonwayo ngenxa yokuguquka kwemibala.
Ngesikhathi enza umsebenzi wakhe, uGaudí wasigcina isakhiwo sonke sesakhiwo, kepha wengeza isisekelo, ikamelo elisophahleni kanye nethala lophahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushintshe ukungena komoya nokukhanya kwendlu. Ingaphakathi liphinde libe yiprojekthi yombhali, lapho umuntu ezwa khona ubumbano lomqondo nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifanayo zokuhlobisa njengasekuhlobiseni kwezingilazi.
Ngesikhathi enza umsebenzi wakhe, umakhi wezakhiwo wakhangwa kuphela abaphathi abaphambili bezobuciko bakhe, okubandakanya:
- Sebastian y Ribot;
- P. Pujol-i-Bausis;
- UJusepo Pelegri;
- abazalwane uBadia.
Kuyathakazelisa ngeCasa Batlló
Ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi udrako wayengugqozi ngemuva kwekhaya likaGaudí. Abagxeki bezobuciko bavame ukukhuluma ngothando lwakhe ngezidalwa zasenganekwaneni ezamsiza ukuletha amaphrojekthi akhe okudala. Kubuciko bokwakha, kukhona isiqinisekiso salo mbono ngesimo samathambo amakhulu, umdwebo ofana nezikali zemibala ye-azure. Kunobufakazi ngisho emibhalweni bokuthi amathambo amele izinsalela zezisulu zikadrako, futhi nendlu uqobo lwayo ayilutho ngaphandle kwesidleke sayo.
Lapho kuhlobiswa olungaphambili lwesonto nangaphakathi, kusetshenziswe imigqa egobile kuphela, ethe yanciphisa umbono ophelele wesakhiwo. Izinto ezinkulu ezenziwe ngamatshe azibukeki zinkulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuhamba komklami ongajwayelekile, yize kwakuthatha umsebenzi omningi ukudweba umumo wazo.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke iPark Guell.
ICasa Batlló iyingxenye yeKota Yesimo Sokungahambelani, kanye nezindlu zikaLeo Morera no-Amalier. Ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu ekuhlobisweni kwezingilazi zezakhiwo ezishiwo, umgwaqo uhlukile ekubukeni okujwayelekile, kepha kulapha lapho ungajwayelana nemisebenzi yamakhosi amakhulu ngesitayela se-Art Nouveau. Uma uzibuza ukuthi ungafika kanjani kulo mgwaqo oyingqayizivele, kufanele uvakashele isifunda se-Eixample, lapho wonke umuntu odlula ngendlela ezokukhombisa indlela efanele.
Ngaphandle kokuhluka kwezixazululo zokwakha, le ndlu yamenyezelwa njengeSikhumbuzo Sobuciko sedolobha kuphela ngo-1962. Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kamuva, lesi simo sanwetshwa saba sezingeni lezwe lonke. Ngo-2005, iNdlu Yamathambo yamukelwa ngokusemthethweni njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba. Manje, hhayi kuphela ochwepheshe bezobuciko abathatha izithombe ngaye, kodwa futhi nezivakashi eziningi ezivakashela iBarcelona.
