ISthedral Cathedral yaseSt.Basil, ngokwesiko lezincwadi zeBhayibheli elibizwa ngokuthi yiCathedral of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos on the Moat, ayaziwa kangako ngokuthi yi-Intercession. Kuthathwa njengesikhumbuzo esidume ngokwedlulele sezakhiwo hhayi kuphela enhlokodolobha yaseRussia, kodwa nakuwo wonke amazwe.
Ukwakhiwa kweSt. Basil's Cathedral
Umlando wokwakhiwa kwethempeli elihle ngokubabazekayo elakhiwe eRed Square, elithweswe imiqhele yekhaya langempela, cishe linamakhulu amahlanu eminyaka. Isonto elikhulu lisanda kugubha iminyaka engama-456 lingcwelisiwe.
Isendaweni eseduze neSpassky Gate, yakhiwa eMoscow ngekhulu le-16 ngokuyalelwa ngu-Ivan the Terrible, owayephethe umbuso ngalesi sikhathi. Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli kwaba uhlobo lokubonga lombusi ngokuqedwa ngempumelelo komkhankaso waseKazan, lapho afaka khona ukubaluleka kombuso omkhulu, nokunqoba iKazan Khanate.
Ngokuya ngemininingwane yomlando, umbusi waqala ukwakha isonto lamatshe ngeseluleko sikaMetropolitan Macarius, owayekhonza njengoSanta waseMoscow. Lesi sakamuva singesencazelo kanye nomqondo womklamo wokwakhiwa kwethempeli okwakhiwa kamuva.
Emibhalweni yomlando, igama leSonto Lokuncengela kukaMama kaNkulunkulu, elalisho ithempeli lamapulangwe, livela okokuqala ngo-1554. Ngokwabaphenyi, ngekhulu le-16, iSonto LikaZiqu-zintathu laliseduze komsele wamanzi ozivikela owawuzungeze iKremlin.
Emangcwabeni esontweni eliseceleni kwe-altare ngo-1551, ngokulandela intando yombusi, bangcwaba isiwula esingcwele uBasil, owayenesipho sokuhlinzeka. Kwakusendaweni ebaluleke kangaka kumakholwa lapho kwaqala khona ukwakhiwa okukhulu kobuciko bokwakha betshe. Izinsalela zalowo isiphephelo sakhe sokugcina kamuva saba yindawo lapho kwenziwa izimangaliso eziningi kamuva zadluliselwa ezindongeni zethempeli, elathola igama lesibili iSthedral Cathedral yaseSt.
Kuthathe iminyaka eyisithupha ukwakha iKhathedrali yaseSt.Basil the Blessed, eyenziwa kuphela ezinyangeni ezifudumele. Umsebenzi omningi waqedwa ngempumelelo ekwindla ka-1559. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngoJulayi 12, uMetropolitan Macarius wangcwelisa isonto lakhe elikhulu, elibizwa ngokuthi yi-Intercession.
Umakhi: iqiniso lomlando nezinsumansumane
ICathedral of the Intercession seyakhiwe iminyaka eminingana. Futhi namhlanje kunezingxabano ezishubile phakathi kososayensi mayelana namagama abakhi abakha. Isikhathi eside, kwakukhona inguqulo yokuthi ukwakhiwa kwethempeli kwanikezwa yinkosi kubaphathi ababili basekhaya - uBarma noPostnik Yakovlev.
Kukhona inganekwane ngokusho kwayo inkosi, eyayingafuni abakhi abanethalente ukuthi bakhe elinye ithempeli, elihle kakhulu kunalokhu, liphinda isitayela esiyingqayizivele, layala ukuba lingaboni abakhi.
Kodwa-ke, izazi zanamuhla zithambekele ekukholweni ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwethempeli elikhulu kungumsebenzi wezandla zenkosi eyodwa - u-Ivan Yakovlevich Barma, owaziwa kakhulu ngegama lesidlaliso elithi Postnik. Imibhalo ikhombisa ukuthi wayengumbhali wamaphrojekthi wezakhiwo, ngokusho kwalokho iKremlin eyakhiwa kamuva eKazan, amasonto ababhishobhi eSviyazhsk nasenhlokodolobha uqobo.
Ukuqala kwephrojekthi yokwakha
ISthed Bashed's Cathedral imelwe ngamasonto ayisishiyagalolunye akhiwe esisekelweni esisodwa. Ngokusho kwabakhi bezakhiwo, iqukethe isonto elisenkabeni yesakhiwo sezitini, elizungezwe amanye ama-aisles ayisishiyagalombili. Wonke amasonto axhunywe komunye nomunye ngamavesi angaphakathi anamagumbi. Ngesisekelo, i-plinth kanye nezinto ezihlobisa i-facade, banqume ukusebenzisa itshe elimhlophe.
Isonto eliphakathi nendawo lakhiwa ngenhloso yokuvikela uMama kaNkulunkulu. Lokhu kuxhumene nomcimbi obaluleke kakhulu: udonga lwenqaba lwaseKazan lwashaywa ngqo kuleli holide. Isonto elibusa lonke linetende eliphakeme phezulu.
Ngaphambi kwenguquko ka-1917 eyashintsha uhlelo lombuso, leyo nxanxathela yayinezindlela eziyi-11:
- Ephakathi noma ePokrovsky.
- IVostochny noma iTroitsky.
- Isikhathi sika-Alexander Svirsky.
- Kunikezelwe kuNicholas the Wonderworker.
- Kutholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga, umphathi wayo kwakunguVarlaam Khutynsky.
- I-Western noma Ukungena kweJerusalema.
- Inyakatho ntshonalanga ibheke.
- Ngibheke enyakatho
- Isikhathi sikaJohn Onesihawu.
- Emiswe phezu kwendawo yokuphumula yalowo obusisiwe, obizwa ngokuthi uJohn
- Eyakhelwe kwisijobelelo esehlukile ngo-1588, isonto elibheke ethuneni lomufi uBasil the Blessed.
Konke, ngokomqondo womdwebi, imibhoshongo eseceleni kwesonto embozwe ngama-vaults ithweswe imiqhele ehlukile komunye nomunye. Iqoqo elihambisanayo lama-chapel axhunyaniswe ngokomzimba eSt Basil's Cathedral liphela nge-belfry evulekile yamatende amathathu. Imengamo yalo ngayinye yayinensimbi enkulu.
Umakhi wezakhiwo wenza isinqumo esihlakaniphile, esenza ukuthi kube lula ukuvikela ingaphambili lesonto lombhishobhi emvuleni yezulu iminyaka eminingi. Ngale njongo, izindonga zesonto elikhulu zazimbozwe ngopende obomvu nomhlophe, ngaleyo ndlela kulingiswa izitini. Yikuphi ukwakheka kwendlu yesonto elikhulu ekuqaleni okwakumbozwe yimfihlakalo kusalokhu kuyindida namuhla, ngoba ithempeli labo lalahleka ngenxa yomlilo owawuvutha edolobheni ngo-1595. ISthedral Cathedral yaseSt. Yagcina ukubukeka kwayo kwaze kwaba ngu-1588.
Sincoma ukubona iSmolny Cathedral.
Ngoku-oda kukaFyodor Ioannovich, isonto leshumi labekwa phezu kwendawo yokungcwaba isiwula esingcwele, okwakwenziwa kwaba ngumgcwelisi ngaleso sikhathi. Ithempeli elakhiwe lalingenazinsika futhi linomnyango ohlukile.
Ngekhulu le-17, ngenxa yokuthandwa okuthandwayo, igama le-altare elilodwa eliseceleni ladluliselwa kulo lonke isakhiwo sombhishobhi, esesaziwa ngokuthi yiCathhedral yaseSt. Basil the Blessed.
Ukwakhiwa kabusha nokubuyiselwa kweKathedral yaseSt
Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-17, iSthedral Cathedral yaseSt. Ibilokhu yenze izinguquko eziningi ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwengxenye engaphambili nengaphakathi. Amasheya enziwe ngokhuni, abelokhu ehlushwa imililo, afakwa esikhundleni sophahla olwakhiwe ezinsikeni zezitini.
Izindonga zemipheme yesonto lombhishobhi ezibheke ngaphandle, izinsika ezisebenza njengokwesekela okuthembekile, nompheme owawakhiwe ngenhla kwezitebhisi wawumbozwe umdwebo wokuhlobisa we-polychrome. Umbhalo we-tile uvele kuwo wonke ubude be-cornice engenhla.
Leli bhande liphinde lakhiwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yalokho kwavela umbhoshongo wensimbi ontambo ezimbili.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, ingaphakathi lethempeli lalihlotshiswe ngomdwebo kawoyela, owawusetshenziselwa ukubhala itulo, okwenziwa ngalo izithombe nemifanekiso yabangcwele.
Unyaka ngemuva kwenguquko ezweni, i-Intercession Cathedral yaba phakathi kwabokuqala ukuvikelwa nguhulumeni omusha njengesikhumbuzo sokubaluleka komhlaba.
Imisebenzi yomnyuziyamu yethempeli
Ngentwasahlobo ka-1923, iSt Basil's Cathedral yavula izivakashi zayo ngomkhakha omusha - njengomnyuziyamu ongokomlando nowokwakha. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, akazange alahlekelwe yilungelo lokuqhuba izinkonzo esontweni elakhiwe ukuhlonipha isonto elibusisiwe.
Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, i-Intercession Cathedral yathola isikhundla segatsha lomnyuziyamu womlando, elisebenza ezingeni likahulumeni, elisaqhubeka nanamuhla. Ngenxa yomsebenzi oyingqayizivele wokubuyiselwa owenziwe ethempelini maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, ukubukeka kwasekuqaleni kwethempeli kubuyiselwe kakhulu.
Kusukela ngo-1990, sekuyindawo eyi-UNESCO Heritage Heritage. Eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, umsebenzi wobuciko wobuciko waqokelwa umncintiswano we-Seven Wonders of Russia.
Ungavakashela umnyuziyamu ovuselele ukuvezwa kwawo kuleli kheli: eMoscow, eRed Square, 2. Kuvakasha kubanjwa lapha nsuku zonke. Amahora okuvula izivakashi ezilinde ngokufudumele emnyuziyamu kusuka ngo-11: 00 kuya ku-16: 00.
Intengo yezinsizakalo zomhlahlandlela inengqondo kakhulu. Amathikithi ohambo oluhehayo oluzungeza insimu ye-cathedral, lapho ungathatha khona izithombe ezingakhohlwayo, angathengwa ama-ruble ayi-100.
