Izintaba zase-Ural, ezibizwa nangokuthi "iBhande Lamatshe le-Urals", zimelwe uhlelo lwezintaba oluzungezwe amathafa amabili (i-East Europe ne-West Siberian). Lezi zigaba zisebenza njengesithiyo semvelo phakathi kwezindawo zase-Asia naseYurophu, futhi ziphakathi kwezintaba ezindala emhlabeni. Ukwakheka kwabo kuvezwa izingxenye eziningana - polar, eningizimu, circumpolar, enyakatho naphakathi.
Izintaba zase-Ural: zikuphi
Isici sesimo sendawo salolu hlelo sithathwa njengobude ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu. Amagquma ahlobisa izwekazi i-Eurasia, ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa amazwe amabili - iRussia neKazakhstan. Ingxenye ye-massif isakazeke esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk, eSverdlovsk, e-Orenburg, eChelyabinsk, ePerm Territory naseBashkortostan. Ukuxhumanisa kwento yemvelo - izintaba zigijima ngokufana ne-60 meridian.
Ubude bale ntaba bungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-2500, futhi ukuphakama okuphelele kwesiqongo esikhulu kungu-1895 m. Ukuphakama okuphakathi kwezintaba ze-Ural kungu-1300-1400 m.
Iziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu zamalungu afanayo zifaka:
Iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lisemngceleni ohlukanisa iRiphabhulikhi yaseKomi kanye nendawo yase-Ugra (Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug).
Izintaba ze-Ural zifinyelela ogwini lwe-Arctic Ocean, bese zicasha ngaphansi kwamanzi ibanga elithile, ziqhubeke ziye eVaigach naseNovaya Zemlya archipelago. Ngakho-ke, i-massif isuka ohlangothini olusenyakatho ngamanye amakhilomitha angama-800. Ububanzi obukhulu be "Stone Belt" bungamakhilomitha angama-200. Ezindaweni uncipha ufike ku-50 km noma ngaphezulu.
Indaba yokuqala
Izazi zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba zithi izintaba zase-Ural zinendlela eyindida yemvelaphi, njengoba kufakazelwa ukuhlukahluka kwamatshe esakhiweni sawo. Izintaba zihlotshaniswa nenkathi yokugoqwa kweHercynian (ngasekupheleni kwePaleozoic), kanti iminyaka yabo ifinyelela eminyakeni engama-600,000,000.
Uhlelo lwakhiwa ukushayisana kwamapuleti amabili amakhulu. Ukuqala kwale micimbi kwandulelwa ukuqhekeka koqweqwe lomhlaba, ngemuva kokunwetshwa kolwandle okwakhiwa, okwanyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi okhokho abakude besistimu yanamuhla benze ushintsho olukhulu ezigidini eziningi zeminyaka. Namuhla isimo esizinzile sikhona ezintabeni zase-Ural, futhi akukho ukunyakaza okuphawulekayo kusuka kuqweqwe lomhlaba. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kokugcina okunamandla (ngamandla angamaphuzu angaba ngu-7) kwenzeka ngo-1914.
Imvelo nengcebo ye- "Stone Belt"
Ngenkathi uhlala ezintabeni zase-Ural, ungancoma ukubukwa okuhle, uvakashele emihumeni ehlukahlukene, ubhukude emanzini echibi, uhlangabezane nemizwa ye-adrenaline eyehla emfuleni ogelezayo. Kuyinto elula ukuhamba lapha nganoma iyiphi indlela - ngezimoto ezizimele, ngamabhasi noma ngezinyawo.
Izilwane ze "Stone Belt" ziyahlukahluka. Ezindaweni lapho kukhula khona izihlahla ze-spruce, zimelwe ngamaprotheni adla imbewu yezinhlobo zezihlahla ze-coniferous. Ngemuva kokufika kobusika, izilwane ezibomvu zondla ngezinto ezilungiselelwe ngokuzimela (amakhowe, amantongomane ephayini). AmaMartens atholakala ngobuningi emahlathini asezintabeni. Lezi zilwane zihlala eduze nezikwele futhi zizizingela ngezikhathi ezithile.
Sincoma ukubheka Izintaba ze-Altai.
Amaphethelo ezintaba zase-Ural acebile ngoboya. Ngokungafani nozakwabo abamnyama baseSiberia, ama-sables we-Urals anombala obomvu. Ukuzingela lezi zilwane akuvumelekile ngokomthetho, okuzivumela ukuba zizalane ngokukhululeka emahlathini asezintabeni. Ezintabeni zase-Ural, kunendawo eyanele yokuhlala izimpisi, izindololwane namabhere. Indawo ehlathini exubile yindawo eyintandokazi yezinyamazane ze-roe. Emathafeni kuhlala izimpungushe nezidlwane.
Izintaba ze-Ural zifihla amaminerali ahlukahlukene ekujuleni. Amagquma agcwele i-asbestos, i-platinum, amadiphozi egolide. Kukhona nokufakwa kwamatshe ayigugu, igolide ne-malachite.
Isimo sesimo sezulu
Iningi lohlelo lwezintaba zase-Ural luhlanganisa indawo epholile. Uma ngenkathi yehlobo uhamba emaphethelweni wezintaba usuka enyakatho uye eningizimu, ungalungisa ukuthi izinkomba zokushisa ziqala ukwanda. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa liyashintshashintsha libe ngu- + 10-12 degrees enyakatho kanye no-20 eningizimu. Ngenkathi yasebusika, izinkomba zokushisa zithola umehluko ophansi. Ngokuqala kukaJanuwari, ama-thermometer asenyakatho akhombisa cishe -20 ° C, eningizimu - kusuka -16 kuya ku -18 degrees.
Isimo sezulu sama-Urals sihlobene kakhulu nemisinga yomoya efika ivela e-Atlantic Ocean. Iningi lemvula (kuze kufike ku-800 mm phakathi nonyaka) ligcwala emithambekeni esentshonalanga. Engxenyeni esempumalanga, izinkomba ezinjalo zehla zaya ku-400-500 mm. Ebusika, le ndawo yohlelo lwezintaba ingaphansi kwethonya le-anticyclone evela eSiberia. Eningizimu, ekwindla nasebusika, kufanele uthembele esimweni sezulu esifushane esinamafu nesibanda.
Ukuguquguquka okujwayelekile kwesimo sezulu sendawo ikakhulu kubangelwa ukukhululeka kwezintaba. Ngokuphakama okwandayo, isimo sezulu siba nzima kakhulu, futhi izinkomba zokushisa ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zemithambeka.
Incazelo yokuheha kwendawo
Izintaba ze-Ural zingaziqhenya ngokuheha okuningi:
- Ipaki "Imifudlana Yezinyamazane".
- Indawo yokubhuka "Rezhevskaya".
- Umhume weKungur.
- Umthombo weqhwa osepaki yeZyuratkul.
- "Izindawo zaseBazhovsky".
Ipaki "Imifudlana Yezinyamazane" etholakala edolobheni laseNizhnie Sergi. Abalandeli bomlando wasendulo bazoba nentshisekelo edwaleni lendawo iPisanitsa, eligcwele imidwebo yabadwebi basendulo. Ezinye izingosi ezivelele kuleli paki yimihume kanye neGap Great. Lapha ungahamba ezindleleni ezikhethekile, uvakashele amatafula wokubuka, uwelele endaweni oyifunayo ngemoto yekhebula.
Isiqiwu "Rezhevskoy" iheha bonke abathandi bamatshe ayigugu. Le ndawo evikelwe iqukethe imali yamatshe ayigugu futhi ayigugu elilinganayo. Akuvunyelwe ukuhamba lapha ngokwakho - ungahlala endaweni yokulondolozwa kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwabasebenzi.
Indawo yokulondolozwa iwele uMfula iRezh. Ngasebhange langakwesokudla kukhona itshe likaShaitan. Abantu abaningi base-Uralians bakubheka njengomlingo, kusiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Yingakho abantu behlala beya etsheni, befuna ukufeza amaphupho abo.
Ubude Umhume Weqhwa weKungur - cishe amakhilomitha ayi-6, lapho izivakashi zingavakashela ikota kuphela. Kuyo ungabona amachibi amaningi, ama-grottoes, ama-stalactites nama-stalagmites. Ukwenza ngcono imiphumela yokubonakalayo, kunokugqama okukhethekile lapha. Umhume ubizwa ngegama lokushisa okungapheli kwe-subzero. Ukujabulela ubuhle basendaweni, udinga ukuthi ube nezingubo zasebusika.
Umthombo weqhwa kusuka epaki kazwelonke "iZyuratkul", esakazeke endaweni yeSatka, esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, kwavela ngenxa yokuvela komthombo wejoloji. Kuyafaneleka ukuyibuka kuphela ebusika. Esimweni sezulu esineqhwa, lo mthombo ongaphansi komhlaba uyabanda futhi uthathe isimo seqhwa elingamamitha ayi-14.
Ipaki "Bazhovskie mesto" ihlotshaniswa nabadumile nabathandwa yincwadi eminingi ethi "Malachite Box". Le ndawo idale izimo ezigcwele zabavakashi. Ungahamba uhambo oluthokozisayo ngezinyawo, ngebhayisikili, noma ngehhashi, ngenkathi ubuka ubuhle bendawo enhle.
Noma ngubani angazipholela lapha emanzini echibi noma akhuphuke igquma lamatshe laseMarkov. Esikhathini sasehlobo, abathandi abaningi abedlulele beza "eBazhovskie mesto" ukuze behle ngasemifuleni yezintaba. Ebusika, ipaki lizokwazi ukuzwa kakhulu i-adrenaline ngenkathi igibele imoto yokuhamba eqhweni.
Izikhungo zokuzijabulisa ezise-Urals
Zonke izimo ezidingekayo zenzelwe izivakashi eziNtabeni ze-Ural. Izikhungo zokungcebeleka zitholakala ezindaweni ezikude nempucuko enomsindo, ezingxenyeni ezithulile zemvelo ehlanzekile, imvamisa ogwini lwamachibi endawo. Ngokuya ngokuthanda kwakho, ungahlala lapha ezakhiweni zanamuhla zokwakha noma ezakhiweni zasendulo. Kunoma ikuphi, abahambi bazothola induduzo nenhlonipho, abasebenzi abakhathalelayo.
Izisekelo zihlinzeka ngokuqashwa kwama-skis anqamula izwe nokwehla, ama-kayaks, i-tubing, ukugibela imoto ehamba ngeqhwa nomshayeli onolwazi kuyatholakala. Ensimini yendawo yezivakashi kunezindawo zendabuko ngokwesiko, indawo yokugeza yaseRussia enamabhiliyade, izindawo zokudlala zezingane nezinkundla zokudlala. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, ungaqinisekiswa ukuthi uzokhohlwa ngokuxokozela kwedolobha, futhi uphumule ngokuphelele uwedwa noma nomndeni wonke, uthathe isithombe sememori esingenakulibaleka.
