ISmolny Historical and Architectural Complex eSt. Petersburg yaziwa njengesikhumbuzo sezakhiwo esibalulekile emhlabeni. Indawo ekhethekile kulo mculo ihlala iSmolny Cathedral Yovuko lukaKristu - isibonelo esiyingqayizivele sezakhiwo zaseRussia zobu-Orthodox, ukuziqhenya kwedolobha.
Thatha isikhathi uvakashele i-cathedral, uhlole ubuciko obubabazekayo, uzwe ubukhazikhazi bobuhle obungokomoya, futhi uzijwayeze ngesiphetho saso esinzima. Yini ephawuleka kangaka ngethempeli?
Izingqophamlando emlandweni wezindela naseSmolny Cathedral
Ukudalwa kwayo kwaqala ngo-1748. UTsarina Elizaveta Petrovna wakhetha indawo lapho kwakwenziwa khona i-resin yesakhiwo semikhumbi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, futhi kamuva wayehlala esigodlweni esakhiwe lapha ebusheni bakhe. Ukwakhiwa kweVuko leNvodevichy Convent kwanikelwa kumakhi wekhotho uB.F. URastrelli. Ukubekwa kwento entsha kwenziwa ngomkhosi wokuziqhenya:
- inkonzo yomkhuleko;
- ipulatifomu eyenziwe kahle;
- ama-salvoes angaphezu kwekhulu avela ezibhamu ezingamashumi amabili.
Umgubho uphele ngesidlo sabantu abangama-56. Ngokuvamile, saqala ngokwesiko laseRussia, kwezempilo.
Umsebenzi wenziwa ngokusho imodeli. Izingcweti zakhela etafuleni elikhulu ngokulandelana okufanele kwakhiwe okwangempela. Icebo lomdwebi kwakungukwakha umbhoshongo onensimbi emi-5, ubude bawo obungamamitha ayi-140 ukudlula umoya wePeter noPaul Fortress. Lolu hlelo aluzange lufezeke. Impi, ukuntuleka kwezezimali, ukuphelelwa yintshisekelo eSmolny Cathedral, ubunzima benhlangano kwehlisa ukwakhiwa.
U-Elizabeth wayebheke ukuqokwa kwesigodlo ekuqeqesheni amantombazane anemvelaphi enothile. Kamuva, uCatherine II wasungula lapha iNhlangano Yezintombi Ezinhle kanye nesikole samantombazane esigabeni sonxiwankulu. Abafundi beNhlangano kamuva baqala ukufunda eSmolny Institute, isakhiwo esihle kakhulu sesitayela sakudala, esakhiwe nguD. Quarenghi. Ngakho-ke, njalo lapho evela phambi kwethempeli elikhulu, wayephakamisa isigqoko sakhe ngenhlonipho athi leli yithempeli langempela!
Ngaphansi kukaNicholas I ngo-1835, eminyakeni engama-87 ngemuva kokuqala, ukwakhiwa kwethempeli elikhulu kwaqedwa nguV.P. Stasov.
ICathhedral ebumnyameni bekhulu lama-20
Ukugumbuqelwa kuka-Okthoba ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka kwavula ikhasi elibuhlungu emlandweni wesigodlo. Insimu yayibuswa ngokungenasisekelo ngabaphenduki. Isiphetho seSmolny Cathedral ngaphansi kokubusa kweSoviet saba lusizi:
- 20s - isakhiwo esihle saphenduka indawo yokugcina impahla.
- I-1931 - i-cathedral yavalwa ngesinqumo samaBolsheviks, nempahla yesonto yaphangwa.
- Ngo-1972 - i-iconostasis yasuswa, izinto ezisele zaba impahla yeminyuziyamu.
- 1990 - umnyango wezemyuziyamu yomlando wedolobha.
- Ngo-1991 - ihholo lekhonsathi laqala ukusebenza, iChamber Choir yavuselelwa.
Ngentwasahlobo ka-2009, kwathandazwa enkonzweni yomkhuleko obhekakade okokuqala eminyakeni eminingi, kwathi ngo-Ephreli 2010, kwaqala izinkonzo ezijwayelekile. Bekuwusuku oluhloniphekile ngokuhalalisela nezipho, ukukhishwa kwendondo yesikhumbuzo nemvilophu yemikhosi. Ngo-2015, ithempeli lathathwa iSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, isitho salo sahlakazwa. Ikhwaya yekamelo iyaqedwa futhi ayinalo igama. Ekugcineni, ebusika buka-2016, isonto lombhishobhi lafika lathola mahhala ubhishobhi waseSt. Indaba emangazayo yaqedwa ngokuqedwa kokubuyiselwa kwendlu, ubuhlakani, uphahla neziphambano ngo-2016.
Impahla yasethempelini ebabazekayo
Ukudalwa okungenakuqhathaniswa kwe-Master kungokwesitayela sikanokusho seBaroque ngokuhloba, imidwebo, ukubaza okuhle nemininingwane eminingi. Lo mculo ungumbumba owodwa ngokuhlangana okuhambisanayo kwemibala emhlophe noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uphawu lobumsulwa nobumsulwa. ISmolny Cathedral iqondiswe phezulu futhi ibonakala intanta emafwini. Umnyango uhlotshiswe ngamaphakethe nakumakhothamo, umdwebo ovulekile wothango wenziwe ngokusho kwemidwebo kaV.P.Stasov.
I-dome enkulu izungezwe amasonto amane. Le yimibhoshongo yensimbi enedome no-anyanisi othwele isiphambano. Umakhi wahlela ithempeli nge-dome eyodwa, njengaseYurophu. UMbusi wayala ukuba kwakhiwe isonto lombhishobhi lendabuko elinamakhosi amahlanu.
Manje lesi sikhungo siyisikhungo samasiko nezenhlalo saseSt. Insimu ihlotshiswe ngengadi yeparterre enemibhede yezimbali, imibhede yezimbali nemithombo. Insimbi enkulu emi emnyango we-cathedral ihlelelwe ukuphakanyiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Umhlobiso wangaphakathi wobuciko
Umhlobiso wangaphakathi weSmolny Cathedral wenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaV. Stasov. Wazama ukungaphazamisi izinhlelo zokuqala zomakhi omkhulu, kepha isitayela esinengqondo sasivele sithandwa. Kwasetshenziswa ukumodela kuphela, ukukhishwa kwensimbi, izihloko ezinkulu zamakholoni nomhlobiso wedome. Ingaphakathi le-laconic nesizotha lifaka:
- ihholo elibanzi elingahlalisa abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha;
- ama-iconostases, ahlotshiswe ngokucebile ngomphumela wemabula;
- i-crystal balustrade kuma-altare;
- ipulatifomu yomsebenzi onekhono.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izithonjana ezimbili zomdwebi A.G. Venetsianov ngezindikimba zokuvuka kukaKristu nokwethulwa ethempelini zaba izindawo ezingcwele eziyigugu. Ukulalelwa komculo wamakhwaya kubanjelwa ehholo lekhonsathi.
Shiya umsindo wokuphila kwansuku zonke, woza uhambo!
Umhlahlandlela utshela izivakashi umlando oningiliziwe, onentshisekelo nophilayo wesonto lombhishobhi, kucatshangelwa iminyaka nezinga lezithameli. Indaba igcwaliswa ngokubonakalayo yividiyo. Kusukela emphemeni wokubuka u-50 m ukuphakama, i-panorama yedolobha neNeva iyavula, lapha ungathatha izithombe ezinhle kakhulu. Ukukhuphukela ebelfri ngezinyathelo ezingama-277 kuhambisana nomculo ovela esikhathini seBaroque esikhohliwe.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke eCathedral yaseSt. Basil the Blessed.
Ithempeli lisogwini lweNeva. Ikheli: pl. URastrelli, 1, eSt. Petersburg, eRussia, ngo-191060.
Kulula ukufika lapho ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- kusuka esiteshini semetro "Chernyshevskaya" ngamabhasi ajwayelekile noma ngebhasi 15;
- kusuka ku- "Ploschad Vosstaniya" ngebhasi 22 noma ngamabhasi wetroli 5, 7.
Ungakwazi ukuhamba usuka kulezi ziteshi ngemizuzu engama-30 uhamba ngezinyawo.
Amahora okuvula e-cathedral ngo-2017: isevisi kusuka ku-7: 00 kuye ku-20: 00 nsuku zonke, ukuvakasha kusuka ku-10: 00 kuye ku-19: 00. Intengo yokuvakasha ingama-ruble ayi-100, kwabasenkulisa kumahhala. Alukho uhlelo oluqinile lokuvakasha kwabavakashi abangashadile, amaqembu akhiwa njengoba ehlangana.
Amahora amabili e-cathedral fly ngokungaziwa, izivakashi ezinomphefumulo zithatha izinkumbulo zomsebenzi ovelele wobuciko ezinhliziyweni zazo.
