UShakyamuni Buddha (ngokwezwi nezwi "isazi esivukile esivela kusizwe sakwaShakya"; 563-483 BC) - uthisha ongokomoya nomsunguli wenkolo yobuBuddha - enye yezinkolo zomhlaba ezi-3. Uthole igama lapho ezalwa USiddhattha Gotama/USiddhartha Gautama, kamuva yaziwa ngokuthi uBuddha, ngokwezwi nezwi okusho ukuthi "Ovukile" ngesiSanskrit.
USiddhattha Gautama ungumuntu omkhulu kubuBuddha. Izindaba zakhe, amazwi nezingxoxo nabalandeli bakhe isisekelo seqoqo lezincwadi zemibhalo engcwele zamaBuddha. Futhi ujabulela igunya kwezinye izinkolo, kufaka phakathi ubuHindu.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaBuddha, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaSiddhartha Gautama.
Umlando weBuddha
USiddhartha Gautama (Buddha) wazalwa cishe ngo-563 BC. (ngokusho kweminye imithombo ngo-623 BC) edolobheni laseLumbine, manje eliseNepal.
Okwamanje, ososayensi abanayo inombolo eyanele yemibhalo engavumela ukuphinda kwenziwe umlando weqiniso kaBuddha. Ngalesi sizathu, i-biography yakudala isuselwa kwimibhalo yamaBuddha eyavela eminyakeni engama-400 kuphela ngemuva kokufa kwakhe.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Kukholakala ukuthi ubaba kaBuddha kwakunguRaja Shuddhodana, kanti umama wakhe kwakuyiNdlovukazi uMahamaya, inkosazana evela embusweni waseColia. Imithombo eminingi ithi umama kathisha wakusasa ushone ngemuva kwesonto ebelethile.
Ngenxa yalokhu, uGautama wakhuliswa ngubabekazi wakhe ongumama uMaha Prajapati. Ngokumangazayo, uMaha wayebuye abe ngumkaShuddhodana.
UBuddha wayengenabo abafowabo. Kodwa-ke, wayenomfowabo omncane, uNanda, indodana kaPrajapati noShuddhodana. Kukhona inguqulo yokuthi wayenodadewabo omncane ogama lakhe linguSundara-Nanda.
Ubaba kaBuddha wayefuna indodana yakhe ibe ngumbusi omkhulu. Ngalokhu, wanquma ukuvikela umfana kuzo zonke izimfundiso zenkolo nolwazi ngokuhlupheka okwehlela abantu. Le ndoda yakhela indodana yayo izigodlo ezi-3, lapho ingajabulela khona noma yiziphi izinzuzo.
Noma eseyingane, uGautama waqala ukukhombisa amakhono ahlukile, ngenxa yalokho wayehamba phambili kakhulu kunontanga yakhe esifundweni sesayensi nezemidlalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wanikela isikhathi esiningi ekuzindleni.
Lapho le nsizwa isineminyaka engu-16 ubudala, uyise wayo wayinika inkosikazi u-Princess Yashodhara, owayengumzala wakhe. Kamuva, lo mbhangqwana waba nomfana, uRahul. Iminyaka engama-29 yokuqala yomlando wakhe, uBuddha wayehlala esikhundleni seNkosana Kapilavastu.
Ngaphandle kokuthi uSiddhartha wayephila ngokuchuma okugcwele, wayeqonda ukuthi izinto ezibonakalayo akuyona injongo eyinhloko yokuphila. Ngesinye isikhathi, umfana wakwazi ukushiya isigodlo futhi abone ngamehlo akhe impilo yabantu abavamile.
UBuddha wabona "izibuko ezi-4" ezashintsha impilo yakhe nesimo sakhe sengqondo unomphela:
- indoda endala eyisinxibi;
- umuntu ogulayo;
- isidumbu esibolayo;
- isizungu.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uSiddhartha Gautama abona khona iqiniso elibucayi lempilo. Kwamcacela ukuthi ingcebo ayikwazi ukusindisa umuntu ezifweni, ekugugeni nasekufeni. Wabe esebona ukuthi indlela yokuzazi iyona kuphela indlela yokuqonda izimbangela zokuhlupheka.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uBuddha washiya isigodlo, umndeni nayo yonke impahla ayitholile, wayofuna indlela yokuzikhulula ekuhluphekeni.
Ukuvuka nokushumayela
Lapho esengaphandle kwedolobha, uGautama wahlangana nesinxibi, eshintsha izingubo naye. Uqale ukuzulazula ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, ecela izipho kubantu abadlulayo.
Lapho umbusi waseBimbisara ezwa ngokuzula kwenkosana, wanikela ngesihlalo sobukhosi kuBuddha, kepha wasenqaba. Phakathi nohambo lwakhe, lo mfana wafunda ukuzindla, futhi futhi wayengumfundi wothisha abahlukahlukene, okwamvumela ukuba athole ulwazi nolwazi.
Efuna ukufeza ukukhanyiselwa, uSiddhartha waqala ukuphila impilo yokuzincisha ngokweqile, egqilaza noma iziphi izifiso zenyama. Ngemuva kweminyaka engaba yisithupha, esengozini yokufa, wabona ukuthi ukuzincisha izinto akuholeli ekukhanyeni, kepha kudonsa inyama kuphela.
Ngemuva kwalokho uBuddha, eyedwa, waqhubeka nohambo lwakhe, eqhubeka nokufuna izindlela zokuthola ukuvuka ngokomoya. Ngesinye isikhathi wazithola esesihlahleni esisendaweni ebonakalayo yaseGaia.
Lapha wanelisa ukulamba kwakhe ngelayisi, ayephathiswe lona ngumfazi wendawo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uBuddha wayekhathele ngokomzimba kangangokuthi lo wesifazane wamcabanga ukuthi ungumoya wesihlahla. Eseqedile ukudla, wahlala phansi kwesihlahla somganu wafunga ukuthi ngeke anyakaze aze afinyelele eQinisweni.
Ngenxa yalokhu, uBuddha oneminyaka engama-36 kuthiwa wahlala ngaphansi kwesihlahla izinsuku ezingama-49, ngemuva kwalokho wakwazi ukuzuza Ukuvuka nokuqonda okuphelele ngemvelo nembangela yokuhlupheka. Kwabuye kwamcacela ukuthi ukuqeda kanjani ukuhlupheka.
Kamuva lolu lwazi lwaziwa ngokuthi "amaqiniso amane ahloniphekile." Isimo esiyinhloko sokuvuswa kwaba ukutholakala kwe-nirvana. Kungemva kwalokhu lapho uGautama aqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "uBuddha", okusho ukuthi, "Ovukile." Eminyakeni elandelayo yomlando wakhe, washumayela imfundiso yakhe kubo bonke abantu.
Eminyakeni engu-45 esele yokuphila kwakhe, uBuddha washumayela eNdiya. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayenabalandeli abaningi. Ngokusho kwemibhalo yamaBuddha, wabe esenza izimangaliso ezahlukahlukene.
Abantu ababebaningi beza kuBuddha bezofunda ngale mfundiso entsha. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umbusi waseBimbisara naye wayemukela imibono yobuBuddha. Lapho ezwa ngokufa okuseduze kukayise wakhe, uGautama waya kuye. Ngenxa yalokho, indodana yatshela uyise ngokukhanyiselwa kwakhe, ngenxa yalokho waba yi-arhat ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi eminyakeni edlule yomlando wakhe, uBuddha wayezanywa kaningi yimizamo yokuphila kwakhe amaqembu enkolo aphikisayo.
Ukufa
Eminyakeni engama-80, uBuddha wamemezela ukuthi uzokuthola ukuthula okuphelele ngejubane - i-nirvana, okungeyona "ukufa" noma "ukungafi" futhi engaphaya kokuqonda kwengqondo.
Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uthisha wathi okulandelayo: “Zonke izinto eziyinhlanganisela zihlala isikhashana. Lwela ukuthi udedelwe, wenze yonke imizamo yalokhu. " UGautama Buddha ushone ngo-483 BC, noma ngo-543 BC, eneminyaka engama-80, ngemuva kwalokho isidumbu sakhe sashiswa.
Izinsalela zeGautama zahlukaniswa zaba izingxenye eziyi-8, zabe sezibekwa ezansi kwezithutha ezakhiwe ngokukhethekile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi eSri Lanka kunendawo lapho kugcinwa khona izinyo likaBuddha. Okungenani amaBuddha akholelwa lokho.
