UValentin Louis Georges Eugene Marcel Proust (1871-1922) - Umbhali waseFrance, imbongi, umbhali wamanoveli, omele isimanje ezincwadini. Uthole udumo lomhlaba wonke ngenxa yamavolumu ayi-7 "Ukufuna Isikhathi Esilahlekile" - omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yezincwadi zomhlaba zekhulu lama-20.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaMarcel Proust, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaProust.
Umlando ka-Marcel Proust
UMarcel Proust wazalwa ngoJulayi 10, 1871 eParis. Unina, uJeanne Weil, wayeyindodakazi yomthengisi wamaJuda. Uyise, u-Adrian Proust, wayengudokotela wezifo ezidumile owayefuna izindlela zokuvimbela ikholera. Wabhala imibhalo eminingi nezincwadi ezikhuluma ngezokwelapha nenhlanzeko.
Lapho uMarcel eneminyaka engaba ngu-9 ubudala, wahlaselwa yisifuba somoya okokuqala, okwamhlupha kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. Ngo-1882, abazali bathumela indodana yabo ukuyofunda e-elite Lyceum Condorcet. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, wayeyithanda kakhulu ifilosofi nezincwadi, maqondana nokuchitha isikhathi esiningi efunda izincwadi.
ELyceum, uProust wenza abangane abaningi, kufaka phakathi umculi uMorse Denis nembongi uFernand Greg. Kamuva, le nsizwa yafunda eMnyangweni Wezomthetho weSorbonne, kodwa yehluleka ukuqeda izifundo. Uvakashele ama-salon ahlukahlukene aseParis, lapho kubuthene khona bonke abaphezulu bakomkhulu.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-18, uMarcel Proust wangenela ezempi e-Orleans. Ebuyela ekhaya, waqhubeka enesithakazelo ezincwadini futhi ehambela izingoma. Kwesinye sazo, wahlangana nomlobi u-Anatole France, owabikezela ikusasa elihle ngaye.
Izincwadi
Ngo-1892, uProust, kanye nabantu ababenomqondo ofanayo, basungula umagazini iPir. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, iqoqo lezinkondlo laphuma ngaphansi kwepeni lakhe, elamukelwa kahle ngabagxeki.
Ngo-1896 iMarseille yashicilela iqoqo lezindaba ezimfishane iJoy and Days. Lo msebenzi wagxekwa kakhulu ngumlobi uJean Lorrain. Ngenxa yalokhu, uProust wayethukuthele kakhulu kangangokuba waphonsela uLorrain inselelo yokuthi abambane nse ekuqaleni kuka-1897.
UMarcel wayeyi-Anglophile, ekhonjiswa emsebenzini wakhe. Ngendlela, ama-Anglophiles ngabantu abanothando olukhulu lwayo yonke into yesiNgisi (ubuciko, isiko, imibhalo, njll.), Okuzibonakalisa ngesifiso sokulingisa impilo nomqondo waseBrithani ngazo zonke izindlela.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, uProust wayebambe iqhaza ekuhumusheni imisebenzi yesiNgisi eyiswa eFrance. Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1904-1906. ushicilele ukuhunyushwa kwezincwadi ngumlobi oyiNgisi nembongi uJohn Ruskin - The Bible of Amiens and Sesame and Lilies.
Ababhali bomlando kaMarcel bakholelwa ukuthi ukwakheka kobuntu bakhe kuthonywe umsebenzi wabalobi abanjengoMontaigne, uTolstoy, uDostoevsky, uStendhal, uFlaubert nabanye. Ngo-1908, iziqeshana zababhali abaningi, ezibhalwe uProust, zavela ezindlini zokushicilela ezahlukahlukene. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kumsizile walola isitayela sakhe esehlukile.
Kamuva, umbhali weprozi waba nesifiso sokubhala ama-eseyi abekhuluma ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene, kubandakanya nobungqingili. Futhi nokho umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kaProust yi-epic yevolumu engu-7 ethi "In Search of Lost Time", eyamlethela udumo emhlabeni wonke.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi kule ncwadi, umbhali ubandakanye amaqhawe angama-2500. Ngenguqulo egcwele yolimi lwesiRussia, "Sesha" iqukethe cishe amakhasi angama-3500! Ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwayo, abanye baqala ukubiza uMarcel ngomlobi wamanoveli ovelele wekhulu lama-20. Le ngqophamlando yayiqukethe amanoveli angu-7 alandelayo:
- "Towards Svan";
- "Ngaphansi kombhede wamantombazane aqhakazile";
- "KumaJalimane";
- ISodoma neGomora;
- "Othunjiwe";
- "Baleka";
- Isikhathi Sitholakele.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ukuqashelwa kwangempela kwafika kuProust ngemuva kokufa kwakhe, njengoba kuvame ukwenziwa ngabahlakaniphileyo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngo-1999 kwenziwa inhlolovo yezenhlalo eFrance phakathi kwabathengi besitolo sezincwadi.
Abahleli bahlose ukukhomba imisebenzi engcono kakhulu yekhulu lama-20. Ngenxa yalokho, indumezulu kaProust ethi "In Search of Lost Time" yathatha indawo yesi-2 kulolu hlu.
Namuhla okubizwa nge- "Marcel Proust questionnaire" kwaziwa kabanzi. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu elidlule, emazweni amaningi, abethuli be-TV babuza osaziwayo imibuzo kohlu lwemibuzo olufanayo. Manje intatheli edumile nomethuli we-TV uVladimir Pozner uyaqhubeka nalesi siko ohlelweni lwePozner.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Abaningi abalazi iqiniso lokuthi uMarcel Proust wayengungqingili. Isikhathi esithile waze waba nendawo yezifebe, lapho ayethanda ukuchitha isikhathi sakhe sokuphumula "eqenjini labesilisa".
Umphathi walesi sikhungo kwakungu-Albert le Cousier, okwathiwa uProust wayezwana naye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhali ubizwa ngokuthi unobudlelwano bothando nomqambi uReinaldo An. Ingqikithi yothando lobulili obufanayo ingabonakala kweminye imisebenzi yakudala.
UMarcel Proust mhlawumbe wayengumbhali wokuqala waleyo nkathi owaba nesibindi sokuchaza ubudlelwano obumnandi phakathi kwamadoda. Wayehlaziya ngokungathi sína inkinga yobungqingili, athumele kumfundi iqiniso elifihliwe lokuxhumana okunjalo.
Ukufa
Ekwindla ka-1922, umlobi we-prose wabanjwa umkhuhlane wagula isifo se-bronchitis. Ngokushesha, i-bronchitis yaholela ku-pneumonia. UMarcel Proust ushone ngoNovemba 18, 1922 eneminyaka engama-51. Wangcwatshwa emathuneni adumile aseParis Pere Lachaise.
Izithombe zeProust
