UZbigniew Kazimir (Kazimierz) Brzezinski (1928-2017) - Usosayensi wezepolitiki waseMelika, isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu kanye nesifundazwe sikahulumeni wasePoland. Umeluleki Kazwelonke Wezokuphepha kuMongameli wase-39 waseMelika uJimmy Carter (1977-1981).
Omunye wabasunguli beTrilateral Commission - inhlangano ebambe iqhaza ezingxoxweni nasekufuneni izixazululo ezinkingeni zomhlaba. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, uBrzezinski wayengomunye wabaculi abahamba phambili bezinqubomgomo zezangaphandle zase-US. Wayeyilungu le-American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Umamukeli weMedali kaMongameli Wenkululeko, omunye wemiklomelo emi-2 ephezulu kakhulu yezakhamizi e-United States.
UBrzezinski uthathwa ngabaningi njengomunye wamaSoviet kanye namaRussophobes adume kakhulu. Usosayensi wezepolitiki ngokwakhe akazange afihle imibono yakhe ngeRussia.
Incwadi edume kakhulu (eyabhalwa ngo-1997) iThe Grand Chessboard, equkethe ukucabanga ngamandla ezombusazwe e-United States kanye namasu angatholakala ngalo lo mbuso ngekhulu lama-21.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaBrzezinski, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaZbigniew Brzezinski.
I-Biography kaBrzezinski
UZbigniew Brzezinski wazalwa ngoMashi 28, 1928 eWarsaw. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, wazalwa ehhovisi lenxusa lasePoland eKharkov, lapho kwakusebenza khona uyise nonina. Wakhulela emndenini wesicukuthwane sasePoland nosopolitiki uTadeusz Brzezinski nomkakhe uLeonia.
Lapho uBrzezinski eneminyaka engaba ngu-10 ubudala, waqala ukuhlala eCanada, ngoba kuleli zwe uyise wayesebenza njenge-Consul General yasePoland. Ngama-50s, le nsizwa yathola ubuzwe baseMelika, yenza umsebenzi wokufunda e-United States.
Ngemuva kokuphothula izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphakeme, uZbigniew wangena eMcGill University, kamuva waba yi-Master of Arts. Khona-ke lo mfana waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe eHarvard. Lapha uvikele ithisisi yakhe "ekwakheni uhlelo lobushiqela e-USSR."
Ngenxa yalokho, uZbigniew Brzezinski waklonyeliswa nge-Ph.D. Kusayensi yezepolitiki. Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1953-1960. wafundisa eHarvard, kwathi ngo-1960 kuya ku-1989 e-Columbia University, lapho aqondisa khona i-Institute for Communism.
Ezombusazwe
Ngo-1966, uBrzezinski wakhethwa waba nguMkhandlu Wezokuhlela woMnyango Wezwe, lapho asebenza khona iminyaka engaba mibili. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi wayengowokuqala ukuphakamisa ukuthi achaze konke okwenzekayo ezifundazweni zobusoshiyali nge-prism ye-totalitarianism.
UZbigniew ungumbhali wecebo elikhulu lokulwa nobukhomanisi kanye nomqondo omusha we-hegemony yaseMelika. Ngawo-1960, wasebenza njengomeluleki ekuphathweni kukaKennedy noJohnson.
UBrzezinski wayengomunye wabagxeki abanolaka kunqubomgomo yeSoviet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayenombono ongemuhle ngenqubomgomo yeNixon-Kissinger.
Ehlobo lika-1973, uDavid Rockefeller wasungula iTrilateral Commission, okuyinhlangano yamazwe engeyona ekahulumeni ehlose ukuhlanganisa nokusebenzisana phakathi kweSt. America, Western Europe ne-Asia (emelwe yiJapan neSouth Korea).
UZbigniew wanikezwa amandla okuphatha ikhomishini, ngenxa yalokho waba ngumqondisi wayo iminyaka emithathu elandelayo. Ngesikhathi se-biography 1977-1981. wasebenza njengomeluleki wezokuphepha kuzwelonke ekuphathweni kukaJimmy Carter.
Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi uBrzezinski wayengumsekeli oshisekayo womsebenzi oyimfihlo we-CIA wokubandakanya iSoviet Union empini ebizayo yamasosha, abhalela uCarter ekuqaleni kwempi yase-Afghanistan: "Manje sinethuba lokunikeza i-USSR impi yayo yaseVietnam."
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ezingxoxweni zakhe uZbigniew Brzezinski wavuma obala ukuthi nguyena, kanye nomongameli waseMelika, owaqala ukuvela kwenhlangano kaMujahideen. Ngasikhathi sinye, lo sopolitiki ukuphikile ukubandakanyeka kwakhe ekwakheni i-Al-Qaeda.
Lapho uBill Clinton eba yinhloko entsha ye-United States, uZbigniew wayengumsekeli wokwanda kwempumalanga kwe-NATO. Ukhulume kabi kakhulu ngezenzo zikaGeorge W. Bush kunqubomgomo yezangaphandle. Naye lo mlisa wakhombisa ukweseka uBarack Obama ngesikhathi ebambe iqhaza okhethweni lukamongameli.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, uBrzezinski wasebenza njengomeluleki wezepolitiki kanye nochwepheshe kumaphrojekthi amaningi. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, wayeyilungu loMkhandlu wase-Atlantic, enhlanganweni i "Freedom House", wayengomunye wamalungu abalulekile e-Trilateral Commission, futhi futhi wabamba indawo ebalulekile kwi-American Committee for Peace eChechnya.
Isimo maqondana ne-USSR neRussia
Usosayensi wezepolitiki akakaze awufihle umbono wakhe wokuthi yiMelika kuphela okufanele ibe sesikhundleni esiphambili emhlabeni. Wayephatha i-USSR njengesitha esihluliwe, empeleni kuzo zonke izindawo esasiphansi kune-United States.
Ngemuva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, uBrzezinski waqhubeka nenqubomgomo efanayo eya eRussia Federation. Ezingxoxweni zakhe, wathi abaseMelika akufanele bamesabe uVladimir Putin.
Esikhundleni salokho, iNtshonalanga kufanele ichaze ngokusobala izindawo zayo ezithakaselayo futhi yenze konke okusemandleni ukuphakamisa nokuvikela. Uphoqelekile ukuthi abambisane neRussia kuphela ezimweni zokuzuza ngokufanayo.
UZbigniew waphinde wagcizelela ukuthi akazisoli ngokusekela ama-mujahideen ngesikhathi sempi yase-Afghanistan, ngoba ngesikhathi sezimpi ezempi i-United States yakwazi ukuheha abaseRussia ukuba babe ogibeni lwase-Afghanistan. Ngenxa yokungqubuzana okwathatha isikhathi eside, i-USSR yadangala, okwaholela ekuweni kwayo.
UBrzezinski wanezela futhi: “Yini ebaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wezwe? ITaliban noma ukuwa kweUSSR? " Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, ngokombono wakhe, iRussia izokwazi ukuthuthuka ngokuphelele ngemuva kokuhamba kukaPutin.
UZbigniew Brzezinski wayekholelwa ukuthi amaRussia kwakudingeka abambisane futhi asondele eNtshonalanga, uma kungenjalo amaShayina ayezothatha indawo yawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuchuma kweRussian Federation akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwentando yeningi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi kaBrzezinski kwakuyintombazane egama lingu-Emily Beneš, owayengumqophi ngomsebenzi. Kulo mshado, lo mbhangqwana wawunentombazane, uMika, nabafana ababili, uJan noMark.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2014, indodakazi kaZbigniew yathi ubaba wakhe wayishaya ephindelela ngekama. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhloko yomndeni ikwenze ezindaweni zomphakathi, yenze uMika abe namahloni nokululazeka.
Ukufa
UZbigniew Brzezinski ushone ngoMeyi 26, 2017 eneminyaka engama-89. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe, ubonisane nezikhulu zaseMelika ngezinkinga zenqubomgomo yezangaphandle.
Izithombe zeBrzezinski
