UKim Jong Il (Ngo-1941 noma ngo-1942-2011) - Isikhulu sezombusazwe saseNyakatho Korea, umholi wezepolitiki, weqembu kanye nowezempi, uMholi Omkhulu we-DPRK, uNobhala-Jikelele weCentral Committee ye-Workers 'Party yaseKorea, uSihlalo weKomidi Lezokuvikela, indodana yoMholi Omkhulu uKim Il Sung. I-Generalissimo ye-DPRK (ngemuva kokufa).
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaKim Jong Il, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaKim Jong Il.
Umlando kaKim Jong Il
Ngokusho kwedatha yaseSoviet, uKim Jong Il wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 16, 1941 (ngokwe-DPRK, ngoFebhuwari 16, 1942). Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini womsunguli we-DPRK uKim Il Sung nomkakhe uKim Jong Suk, owayengumholi weqembu.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Amaqiniso amaningi avela ku-biography kaKim Jong Il ayindida, ngoba izazi-mlando zaseSoviet naseNyakatho Korea zinikezela ngemininingwane yazo ngokuphila koMholi Omkhulu. Kukholelwa ukuthi wazalelwa emzaneni waseVyatskoye (esifundeni saseKhabarovsk) futhi lapho ezalwa wabizwa ngokuthi ngu-Yuri Irsenovich Kim.
Kodwa-ke, ababhali be-biology baseNyakatho Korea bathi uKim Jong Il wazalelwa eqhugwaneni lamaplanga phezulu impela kweChangsubong, eduze kwentaba ephakeme nehlonishwayo eDPRK - Paektusan.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi-mlando ziqinisekisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuzalwa komfana, kwavela uthingo oluphindiwe nenkanyezi ekhanyayo esibhakabhakeni. Nakhu ukuzalwa kwalowo owayeyinhloko ye-republic kwethulwa kumaKorea aseNyakatho namuhla.
UKim Jong-il wayenodadewabo, uKim Kyong-hee, kamuva owaba nguyena kuphela owesifazane jikelele esifundazweni, waphinde waba ngumfowabo kaKim Pyeong Il.
Kukholakala ukuthi amaKorea ahlala e-USSR kwaze kwaphela iMpi Yezwe II (1939-1945). Ngemuva kwalokho, wayiswa ePyongyang, kepha ngenxa yokugqashuka kweMpi yaseKorea (1950-1953), ingane yathunyelwa eChina. Lapho wathola imfundo yakhe yesikole, ngemuva kwalokho wabuyela ekhaya. ENorth Korea, uKim waphothula eyunivesithi lapho afundela khona ezomnotho.
Usopolitiki
Lapho uKim Jong Il eneminyaka engama-20, wajoyina i-Workers 'Party yaseKorea. Njengendodana yenhloko ye-DPRK, umsebenzi wakhe wezepolitiki wakhula ngesivinini esisheshayo. Ngenxa yalokho, waba nguNobhala weCentral Committee yeqembu futhi owalandela usihlalo weqembu, uKim Il Sung.
UKim Jong-il uqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "Isikhungo Seqembu", ekhazimulisa futhi encoma ukuhlakanipha kwakhe okungenamkhawulo. Ngaphambi kwalokho, nguyise kuphela owayethole udumo olunjalo.
Eminyakeni yama-80s, cishe zonke izindaba zezombusazwe zasekhaya zanqunywa nguKim Jong Il uqobo, ngenkathi ubaba wakhe ebambe iqhaza kuphela ebudlelwaneni bamazwe omhlaba. Ngale ndlela, uKim Il Sung wasiza indodana yakhe kanye nowangena esikhundleni sakhe ukuba bafunde ukuphatha izindaba zombuso bebodwa.
Ngo-1991, uKim Il Sung wadlulisela amandla oMkhuzi Ophakeme Wamasosha aseKorea endodaneni yakhe. Isonto ngemuva kokuqokwa kwakhe, u-Chen Il wanikezwa isicoco sikaMarshal weRiphabhulikhi, kwathi ngemuva konyaka waba nguSihlalo weKomidi Lezokuvikela Lelizwe.
Umholi waseNyakatho Korea
Ku-1994, uKim Il Sung wabulawa yisifo senhliziyo, okwaholela ekutheni wonke amandla adluliselwe ezandleni zikaKim Jong Il. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngemuva kokushona komsunguli we-DPRK, ukumenyezelwa kwamenyezelwa kuhulumeni, okwathatha iminyaka emithathu!
UKim Jong Il uthole wonke amalungelo enhloko ye-republic, ngaphandle kwesihloko sobaba. Ngenxa yalokho, baqala ukumbiza ngokuthi "Umholi Omkhulu". Phakathi neminyaka eyi-15 yobuholi be-DPRK, wayevame ukusolwa ngumphakathi wamazwe omhlaba ngokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu, kufaka phakathi:
- ukubulawa komphakathi;
- ubugqila;
- ukukhipha isisu ngenkani;
- ukwakhiwa kwamakamu okuhlushwa;
- ukwebiwa kwabantu baseNingizimu Korea nabaseJapan;
- ukungabi nenkululeko yokukhuluma;
- ukuvinjelwa kokufunda nokulalela izindaba zangaphandle.
Kepha njengoba i-DPRK yayiyisimo esivaliwe ngokuphelele, kunzima kakhulu ukufakazela noma ukuphikisa lokho kusolwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaKim Jong Il, ukukhulekelwa kobuntu kwachuma ezweni. "Umholi omkhulu" wayenconywa futhi enziwa unkulunkulu ngazo zonke izindlela, esho izinto ezinhle kuphela ngaye.
Izithombe zomholi kwakufanele zilenga kuzo zonke izikhungo zikahulumeni, futhi noma yikuphi ukugxekwa kwakujeziswa ngokudingiswa emakamu okuhlushwa. I-biography kaKim Jong Il, njengoyise, yafundwa ngokucophelela hhayi kuphela ezikhungweni zemfundo, kodwa nasezinkulisa.
Wonke umuntu waseNyakatho Korea bekufanele azi ukuthi ukweletwa ngokuphelele impilo yakhe ethokozisayo kumholi we-DPRK. Zonke izincwadi noma amaphephandaba aqala ngezitatimende zikaKim Jong Il, izinkondlo kanye nama-odes okudumisa abhalwa ukumhlonipha, futhi usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwamenyezelwa njengelinye lamaholide amakhulu ezweni.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi izakhamizi zeriphabhulikhi zikholelwa ukuthi uKim Jong Il ungumqambi onethalente odale ama-opera ama-6 amahle eminyakeni emibili, kanye nososayensi ongumbhali wemisebenzi eyisisekelo kufilosofi, ubuciko, izincwadi, umlando kanye nezepolitiki.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaseNyakatho Korea banesiqiniseko sokuthi uKim Jong Il ungumbhali wamapulani owakha iJuche Tower ePyongyang. Uphinde abe nguchwepheshe opheka kahle kakhulu owenza i-hamburger yokuqala emhlabeni; i-golfer ehamba phambili emhlabeni; uchwepheshe owaziwayo emkhakheni we-inthanethi kanye nezinhlelo zamaselula.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Eminyakeni yobuciko bomuntu siqu, uKim Jong Il wayeshade amahlandla ama-4. Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, wayenamadodana amathathu. Kodwa-ke, ngokwemithombo engekho emthethweni, wayengubaba wezingane eziyi-17, ezingu-9 zazo zazalwa ngaphandle komshado.
Unkosikazi wokuqala walo mholi kwakungumlingisi uSong Hye Rim. Kule nyunyana, lo mbhangqwana wawunomfana, uKim Jong Nam. Yize wayeyizibulo likayise futhi eyindlalifa efanele, wayengakaze abhekwe njengolandela uKim Jong Il. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ebusheni bakhe wazama kaningi ukuya phesheya, okwaholela emahlazweni omhlaba.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngesikhathi evakashele eChina, uKim Jong Nam uvumile ukuthi wayengenandaba nezepolitiki. Ngo-2017, wabulawa esikhumulweni sezindiza eMalaysia.
Okwesibili uKim Jong Il washada noKim Yong Suk (othathwa njengowukuphela kwenkosikazi esemthethweni). Kulomshado, kwazalwa intombazane egama linguKim Seol Song, owayesebenza njengonobhala kayise.
Unkosikazi wesithathu womholi waseNyakatho Korea wayengumdansi nomlingisi uKo Yong Hee. Wazala umyeni wakhe intombazane egama layo linguKim Ye Jong namadodana amabili, uKim Jong Chol noKim Jong Un. Lesi sakamuva sizohola i-DPRK.
Unkosikazi wesine nowokugcina kaKim Jong Il kwakuyintombazane egama linguKim Ok, owayemncane ngeminyaka engama-20 kunokhethiweyo wakhe. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, lo wesifazane manje uvalelwe endlini ngokuyalelwa nguKim Jong-un.
Ukufa
UKim Jong Il ushone ngoDisemba 17, 2011 eneminyaka engama-69 noma engama-70. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva ubegula kakhulu. Lo mholi uphethwe yisifo sikashukela nesenhliziyo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndoda ibingenandaba kakhulu nempilo yayo. Wayebhema inqwaba kagwayi nsuku zonke futhi engumlutha we-cognac. Kusukela namhlanje, ayikho inguqulo eyodwa maqondana nendawo ashone kuyo. Ngokusho kwemininingwane esemthethweni, lo sopolitiki ushonele esitimeleni sakhe sokuzivikela, lapho azungeze khona izwe.
Ngokwenye inguqulo, uKim Jong Il ushonele ekhaya. Imbangela yendabuko yokufa kwakhe yisifo senhliziyo. Namuhla, isidumbu somholi ongasekho siseMumsusan mausoleum.
Isithombe nguKim Jong Il
