ULucius Annay Seneca, USeneca Omncane, noma kalula ISeneca - Isazi sefilosofi esingumRoma, umlobi wezinkondlo nombusi wezwe. Umfundisi weNero futhi omunye wabamele abavelele be-stoicism.
Ku-biography kaSeneca, kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ahlobene nefilosofi nempilo yakhe yangasese.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaSeneca.
I-biography kaSeneca
USeneca wazalwa ngo-4 BC. e. edolobheni laseSpain iCordoba. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini ocebile owawungowesigaba samahhashi.
Ubaba wesazi sefilosofi, uLucius Anneus Seneca Omdala, nonina, uHelvia babengabantu abafundile. Ngokuyinhloko, inhloko yomndeni kwakungumgibeli wamahhashi waseRoma futhi engumbhali.
Abazali bakaSeneca babenenye indodana, uJunius Gallion.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngesikhathi esemncane, uSeneca walethwa nguyise eRoma. Ngokushesha umfana waba omunye wabafundi bePythagoras Sotion.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uSeneca wafundiswa ngamaStoyiki afana no-Attalus, uSextius Niger noPapirius Fabian.
USeneca Sr. wayefuna ukuthi indodana yakhe ibe ngummeli ngokuzayo. Le ndoda yajabula ngokuthi umfana wafunda kahle isayensi ehlukene, wayene-erudite, futhi wayenamakhono amahle kakhulu okucula.
Ebusheni bakhe, uSeneca waba nentshisekelo kwifilosofi, kepha, ngaphansi kwethonya likayise, wayehlela ukuxhumanisa impilo yakhe nomsebenzi wommeli. Ngokusobala, bekuzokwenzeka ukube bekungekhona ukugula okungazelelwe.
USeneca waphoqeleka ukuba aye eGibhithe ukuyokwenza ngcono impilo yakhe lapho. Lokhu kwamcasula kakhulu lo mfana waze wacabanga nokuzibulala.
Ngenkathi eseGibhithe, uSeneca waqhubeka nokuzifundisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usebenzise isikhathi esiningi ekubhaleni imisebenzi yesayensi yemvelo.
Ebuyela ezweni lakubo, uSeneca waqala ngokusobala ukugxeka uhlelo olukhona manje eMbusweni WaseRoma nezikhulu zombuso, esola abokugcina ngokuziphatha okubi. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, waqala ukubhala imisebenzi ehlobene nezinkinga zokuziphatha nezokuziphatha.
Umsebenzi wombuso
Lapho uCaligula eba ngumbusi woMbuso WaseRoma ngo-37, wayefuna ukubulala uSeneca, ngoba wayemubi kakhulu ngemisebenzi yakhe.
Kodwa-ke, inkosikazi yombusi yasivikela isazi sefilosofi, yathi maduzane izokufa ngenxa yokugula.
Lapho uClaudius eqala ukubusa ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, naye wayehlose ukuqeda uSeneca. Ngemuva kokubonisana nonkosikazi wakhe, uMessalina, wathumela isikhulumi esiphoxekile ekudingisweni esiqhingini saseCorsica, lapho kwakufanele ahlale khona iminyaka engu-8.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi inkululeko kaSeneca yethulwe ngumfazi omusha kaClaudius - Agrippina. Ngaleso sikhathi, owesifazane wayekhathazekile ngokukhuphukela esihlalweni sobukhosi sendodana yakhe eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala uNero, ngemuva kokufa kombusi.
U-Agrippina wayekhathazekile ngendodana kaClaudius emshadweni wakhe wokuqala - iBritannica, nayo engaba namandla. Kwakungalesi sizathu ukuthi ancenge umyeni wakhe ukuthi abuyisele uSeneca eRoma ukuze abe ngumeluleki kaNero.
Isazi sefilosofi sasinguthisha oncomekayo wale nsizwa, eyaneminyaka engu-17 yaba ngumbusi waseRoma. Lapho uNero eqala ukubusa kwakhe, wanika uSeneca isikhundla sokuba yinxusa, futhi wamhlonipha nangesikhundla sokuba ngumeluleki onamandla onke.
Futhi yize uSeneca athola amandla athile, ingcebo nodumo, ngasikhathi sinye wahlangabezana nobunzima obuningi.
U-Lucius Seneca wayethembele ngokuphelele kumbusi wobushiqela, futhi wanengeka nabantu abavamile neSenate.
Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi lo mcabangi wanquma ukushiya phansi ngokuzithandela ngo-64. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe yonke ingcebo yakhe wayidlulisela kumgcinimafa wombuso, futhi yena ngokwakhe wazinza kwesinye sezigodi zakhe.
Ifilosofi nezinkondlo
USeneca wayehambisana nefilosofi yobuStoyiku. Le mfundiso ishumayele ukunganaki emhlabeni kanye nemizwelo, ukunganaki, ukudalelwa kanye nokuzola kunoma yikuphi ukuguquka empilweni.
Ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, isitoyitoya sasimelela ukuqina nesibindi ezilingweni zokuphila.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imibono kaSeneca yayihlukile ngandlela-thile emibonweni yobu-stoicism bendabuko baseRoma. Wazama ukuqonda ukuthi yini indawo yonke, yini elawula umhlaba nokuthi isebenza kanjani, futhi wahlola nombono wolwazi.
Imibono kaSeneca ilandelwe kahle ezincwadini zokuziphatha kuLucilius. Kuzo, wathi ifilosofi okokuqala isiza umuntu ukuthi enze okuthile, hhayi nje ukucabanga.
ULucilius wayengummeleli wesikole samaEpikhuru, esasidume kakhulu ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngaleso sikhathi, zazingekho izikole eziphikisanayo zefilosofi ezinjengeStoicism ne-Epicureanism (bheka i-Epicurus).
Ama-Epikhuru ayefuna ukujabulela ukuphila nakho konke okunika injabulo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaStoyiki abambelela endleleni yokuphila yokuzincisha, futhi azama ukulawula imizwa yabo nezifiso zabo.
Emibhalweni yakhe, uSeneca uxoxe ngezindaba eziningi zokuziphatha nezokuziphatha. Ku-On Anger, umbhali ukhulume ngokubaluleka kokucindezela ulaka, kanye nokukhombisa uthando kumakhelwane wakho.
Kweminye imisebenzi, uSeneca wakhuluma ngesihe, esiholela umuntu enjabulweni. Ugcizelele ukuthi ababusi nezikhulu badinga ikakhulukazi umusa.
Eminyakeni eminingi yobuciko bakhe, uSeneca wabhala izivumelwano eziyi-12 nezinhlekelele eziyi-9 ezisuselwa ezinganekwaneni.
Futhi, isazi sefilosofi saziwa ngamazwi aso. Ama-aphorism akhe namanje awalahlekelwa ukufaneleka kwawo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi uSeneca wayenomlingani okungenani oyedwa ogama lakhe linguPompey Paulina. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ubengaba nabafazi abaningi.
Cishe akukho okwaziwayo ngempilo yomuntu kaSeneca. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso lokuthi uPaulina wayethandana ngempela nomyeni wakhe alithandabuzwa.
Intombazane uqobo lwayo iveze isifiso sayo sokufa noSeneca, ikholelwa ukuthi impilo ngaphandle kwakhe ngeke imlethele injabulo.
Ukufa
Imbangela yokufa kukaSeneca kwaba ukungabekezelelani kombusi uNero, owayengumfundi wesazi sefilosofi.
Ngesikhathi kutholakala uzungu lukaPiso ngo-65, igama likaSeneca lakhulunywa ngephutha, yize kungekho muntu owayemsola. Kodwa-ke, lesi bekuyisizathu sokuthi umbusi aqede umeluleki wakhe.
UNero wayala uSeneca ukuba asike imithambo yakhe. Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokufa kwakhe, isazi sasizolile futhi sizolile emoyeni. Isikhathi lapho ajabula khona yilapho aqala khona ukuvalelisa kumkakhe.
Le ndoda yazama ukududuza uPaulina, kepha waqina ngokuqinile ukufa nomyeni wakhe.
Ngemuva kwalokho, lezi zithandani zavula imithambo ezandleni zazo. USeneca, owayesevele esemdala, wayopha kancane kakhulu. Ukusheshisa ukugeleza, wavula imithambo nemilenze yakhe, wabe esengena kubhavu oshisayo.
Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, uNero wayala ukuthi uPaulina asindiswe, okuholele ekutheni asinde eSeneca eminye iminyaka eminingi.
Yile ndlela esafa ngayo esinye sezazi zefilosofi ezidume kakhulu emlandweni wesintu.
