Zarathushtraeyaziwa kangcono njenge I-Zarathustra - umsunguli weZoroastrianism (Mazdeism), umpristi nomprofethi, owanikwa iSambulo se-Ahura-Mazda ngesimo se-Avesta - umbhalo ongcwele weZoroastrianism.
I-biography yeZarathustra igcwele amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ngempilo yakhe yangasese neyenkolo.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane yeZarathustra.
Umlando we-Zarathustra
UZarathustra wazalelwa eRades, okungelinye lamadolobha asendulo e-Iran.
Usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kweZarathustra alwaziwa. Kukholelwa ukuthi wazalwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-7 kuya kwelesi-6. BC. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlaziywa kweGhats (ingxenye eyinhloko yemibhalo engcwele yamaZoroastria) kubeka inkathi yomsebenzi womprofethi ngekhulu le-12-10. BC.
Ubuzwe beZarathustra babuye budale impikiswano enkulu phakathi kwababhali bakhe bokuphila. Imithombo ehlukahlukene ikubeka kumaPheresiya, amaNdiya, amaGrikhi, ama-Asiriya, amaKaledi kanye namaJuda.
Izazi-mlando eziningi zamaSulumane zangesikhathi esidlule, zithembele emithonjeni yasendulo yamaZoroaster, ziveze ukuthi uZarathustra wazalelwa e-Atropatena, endaweni ye-Iranian Azerbaijan yanamuhla.
Ubuntwana nentsha
NgokwamaGhats (amaculo ezinkolo zomprofethi ayi-17) iZarathustra yaqhamuka ohlwini lwabapristi bakudala. Ngaphezu kwakhe, abazali bakhe - ubaba Porushaspa nomama Dugdova, baba namanye amadodana amane.
Ngokungafani nabafowabo, ngesikhathi ezalwa uZarathustra akazange akhale, kepha wahleka, wabhubhisa amadimoni ayi-2000 ngokuhleka kwakhe. Okungenani yilokho okushiwo izincwadi zasendulo.
Ngokwesiko, ingane esanda kuzalwa yayigezwa ngomchamo wenkomo futhi yasongwa ngesikhumba semvu.
Kusukela esemncane, kuthiwa iZarathustra yenza izimangaliso eziningi, yadala umona wamandla amnyama. Le mibutho yazama kaningi ukumbulala umfana, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya, ngoba wayevikelwe ngamandla aphezulu.
Igama lomprofethi lalivamile ngaleso sikhathi. Ngomqondo ongokoqobo, kwakusho - "umnikazi wekamela elidala."
Lapho eneminyaka engu-7, uZarathustra wagcotshelwa ubufundisi. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi imfundiso yayidluliselwa ngomlomo, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi ama-Irani ayengakabi nalo ulimi olubhaliwe.
Ingane yayihlanganyela ekutadisheni amasiko kanye nama-mantras asekhanda asele kusuka kokhokho bawo. Lapho eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, iZarathustra yaba yimantran - umhlanganisi wama-mantras. Waqamba amaculo nezinkolo zenkolo ngethalente lezinkondlo.
Umprofethi
Isikhathi seZarathustra sithathwa njengesikhathi sokwehla kokuziphatha. Kwathi-ke, ezindaweni ngezindawo, kwaba nezimpi, futhi kwenziwa imihlatshelo enonya nokusebenzelana nemimoya.
I-Madeism (i-polytheism) yanqoba endaweni yase-Iran. Abantu babekhonza izakhi zemvelo ezahlukahlukene, kepha kungekudala okuningi kwashintsha. Ukufaka esikhundleni se-polytheism uZarathustra waletha ukholo eNkosini eyodwa ehlakaniphile - u-Ahura Mazda.
Ngokwemibhalo yasendulo, eneminyaka engama-20, iZarathustra yanikela ngezifiso ezahlukahlukene zenyama, yanquma ukuphila impilo yokulunga. Iminyaka eyishumi, wazulazula emhlabeni efuna isambulo saphezulu.
IZarathustra yathola isambulo lapho ineminyaka engama-30 ubudala. Lokhu kwenzeka ngolunye usuku lwentwasahlobo lapho eya emfuleni eyofuna amanzi.
Lapho esegwini, le ndoda ngokungazelelwe yabona isidalwa esithile esikhanyayo. Umbono wambiza futhi waholela kwabanye abantu abayisithupha abakhanyayo.
Oyinhloko phakathi kwalaba bantu ababenyezelayo kwakungu-Ahura-Mazda, uZarathustra owamemezela uMdali, owambiza ukuthi azosebenza. Ngemuva kwalesi sehlakalo, umprofethi waqala ukutshela abantu bakubo ngezivumelwano zikankulunkulu wakhe.
I-Zoroastrianism yaqala ukuthandwa nsuku zonke. Ngokushesha yasakazekela e-Afghanistan, e-Asia Ephakathi naseNingizimu Kazakhstan.
Le mfundiso entsha ibizele abantu ekulungeni nasekulahleni noma yiluphi uhlobo lobubi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngasikhathi sinye, ubuZoroastrianism abukwenqabeli ukwenziwa kwamasiko nemihlatshelo.
Yize kunjalo, abantu bakubo beZarathustra babengabaza izimfundiso zakhe. AmaMede (entshonalanga ye-Iran) anquma ukungayishintshi inkolo yawo, axosha lo mprofethi emazweni abo.
Ngemuva kokudingiswa kwakhe, iZarathustra yazulazula emadolobheni ahlukene iminyaka eyishumi, imvamisa ibhekene nezilingo ezinzima. Wathola impendulo ekushumayeleni kwakhe empumalanga yezwe.
IZarathustra yamukelwe ngenhlonipho yinhloko ye-Aryeshayana - izwe elaliphethe indawo yaseTurkmenistan ne-Afghanistan yanamuhla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imiyalo ka-Ahura Mazda, kanye nezintshumayelo zomprofethi, yathathwa kwizikhumba zezinkomo eziyi-12,000.
Kwanqunywa ukuthi kufakwe incwadi engcwele enkulu, i-Avesta, endaweni yokugcina imali yasebukhosini. UZarathustra uqobo waqhubeka nokuhlala emhumeni osezintabeni zaseBukhara.
UZarathustra uthathwa njengomprofethi wokuqala owatshela ngobukhona bezulu nesihogo, ngovuko ngemuva kokufa nangesahlulelo sokugcina. Uphikise ukuthi ukusindiswa komuntu ngamunye kuncike ezenzweni zakhe, emazwini nasemicabangweni yakhe.
Imfundiso yomprofethi ngomzabalazo ophakathi kwamandla okulunga nokubi inanela imibhalo yeBhayibheli kanye nemibono kaPlato. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubuZoroastrianism buchazwa ngokukholelwa ebungcweleni bezinto zemvelo kanye nemvelo ephilayo, njengokudala kwe-Ahura-Mazda, ngakho-ke isidingo sokuzinakekela.
Namuhla, imiphakathi yamaZoroastrian isindile e-Iran (eGebras) naseNdiya (eParsis). Futhi, ngenxa yokufuduka okuvela kuwo womabili la mazwe, imiphakathi ithuthukile e-United States naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Njengamanje, kunabantu abangafika ku-100,000 emhlabeni abenza iZoroastrianism.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kwakunamakhosikazi ama-3 ku-biography yeZarathustra. Ngesikhathi sokuqala eshada nomfelokazi, nakwezinye izikhathi ezimbili washada nezintombi.
Ngemuva kokuhlangana no-Ahura Mazda, le ndoda yathola isivumelwano, okusho ukuthi noma yimuphi umuntu kufanele ashiye inzalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uzothathwa njengesoni futhi ngeke ayibone injabulo empilweni. Izingane zinikeza ukungafi kuze kufike ukwahlulelwa kokugcina.
Umfelokazi wazala amadodana amabili kaZarathushtra - u-Urvatat-nara noHvara-chitra. Sebekhulile, owokuqala waqala ukulima umhlaba futhi wahlanganyela ekuzalaneni kwezinkomo, kanti owesibili wenza izindaba zempi.
Kwamanye amakhosikazi, uZarathushtra wayenezingane ezine: indodana ka-Isad-vastra, kamuva owaba ngumpristi omkhulu weZoroastrianism, namadodakazi ama-3: uFreni, uTriti noPoruchista.
Ukufa
Umbulali weZarathustra kwaba nguThur-resh othile waseTur. Ngokumangazayo, waqala wafuna ukubulala lo mprofethi wakusasa esengumntwana. Umbulali waphinde wazama ngemuva kweminyaka engama-77, esevele eyindoda endala engaqinile.
UMfoweth 'u-resh Tur ngokuthula wangena indlela eya lapho kuhlala khona iZarathustra ngenkathi ethandaza. Wanyonyobela isisulu sakhe ngemuva, wafaka inkemba emhlane kamshumayeli, futhi ngaso leso sikhathi naye wazifela.
UZarathustra wabona kusengaphambili ukufa okunodlame, ngenxa yalokho wakulungiselela izinsuku zokugcina ezingama-40 zokuphila kwakhe.
Izazi zezenkolo ziphakamisa ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinsuku ezingamashumi amane zemikhuleko yomprofethi zaphenduka izinsuku ezingama-40 esezidlulile ezinkolweni ezahlukahlukene. Ezinkolweni eziningi, kunemfundiso yokuthi umphefumulo kamufi uhlala emhlabeni wabantu izinsuku ezingamashumi amane emva kokufa.
Usuku oluqondile lokushona kukaZarathustra alwaziwa. Kukholakala ukuthi ushone ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-1500-1000. UZarathustra waphila iminyaka engama-77 isiyonke.
