Kuyisiko ukusho ngabantu abanjengombhali waseMelika uJack London (1876-1916): "Waphila impilo emfushane kodwa ekhanyayo", ngenkathi egqamisa igama elithi "bright". Bathi, umuntu akazange abe nethuba lokuhlangana ngokuthula nokuguga, kodwa ngesikhathi esabekiwe wathatha konke empilweni.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi iLondon uqobo lwayo, uma yayenzelwe ukuphila impilo yesibili, ingavuma ukuphinda indlela yayo. Ingane ecishe ibe engekho emthethweni okuthi, ngenxa yobumpofu, ingakwazi ngisho nokuqeda isikole samabanga aphezulu, isaphumelela. Kakade eminyakeni yakhe yokuqala, esethole isipiliyoni sempilo ecebile, eLondon, ngokuzikhandla, wafunda ukudlulisela imibono yakhe ephepheni. Uthole ukuthandwa ngokutshela umfundi hhayi lokho abafuna ukukufunda, kodwa lokho okufanele abatshele khona.
Futhi ngemuva kokuthi umbhali we- "White Silence", "Iron Heel" no "White Fang" aphoqeleka ukuthi abhale okungenani okuthile, ukuze angaphinde angene ebuphofini. Inzalo yombhali - njengoba eshone eneminyaka engama-40, ukwazile ukubhala imisebenzi emikhulu engama-57 nezindaba ezingenakubalwa - akuchazwa ngobuningi bemibono, kodwa ngesifiso esinamandla sokwenza imali. Hhayi ngenhloso yengcebo - ngenhloso yokusinda. Kuyamangaza ukuthi, lapho izungeza njengesikwele esondweni, iLondon ikwazile ukudala ingcebo eminingana yezincwadi zomhlaba.
1. Amandla ezwi eliphrintiwe uJack London angafunda esewusana. Unina, uFlora, wayengabandlululi ikakhulukazi ebudlelwaneni nabesilisa. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, imibono yomphakathi yayihlukaniswe kakhulu ngabesifazane abasebasha abahlala ngaphandle komndeni. Lokhu kubeka ngokuzenzakalela abesifazane abanjalo emgqeni obuthaka kakhulu ohlukanisa ubudlelwano obukhululekile nobufebe. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa iJack yesikhathi esizayo, uFlora Wellman wagcina ubudlelwane namadoda amathathu, futhi wahlala noProfesa William Cheney. Ngolunye usuku, ngesikhathi sokuxabana, wazibulala. Akuyena owokuqala, hhayi owokugcina, kodwa izintatheli zifunde ngakho. Ihlazo lomoya "kaprofesa ongenamusa waphoqelela intombazanyana engenalwazi othandana naye ukuba akhiphe isisu, okwamenza ukuthi azidubule" yashanela emaphephandabeni awo wonke amazwe, yachitha unomphela igama likaCheney. Kamuva, waphika ngokuqinile ukuthi ungubaba wakhe.
2. ILondon - igama lomyeni kaFlora Wellman osemthethweni, amthola lapho ingane uJack inezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala. UJohn London wayeyindoda elungile, ethembekile, enamakhono, engawesabi noma yimuphi umsebenzi futhi ekulungele ukwenza noma yini ngenxa yomndeni wakhe. Amadodakazi akhe amabili, odadewabo bakaJack, bakhule ngendlela efanayo. Udade osekhulile ogama lakhe lingu-Eliza, engamboni kahle uJack omncane, wamthatha wamnakekela futhi wachitha impilo yakhe yonke naye. Ngokuvamile, iLondon encane yayinenhlanhla enkulu kakhulu ngabantu. Ngaphandle kokunye - umama wakhe. UFlora wayenamandla angenakuqedwa. Wayehlala eza nezimo ezintsha, ukuwa kwazo okwabeka umndeni onqenqemeni lokusinda. Futhi uthando lwakhe lomama lwabonakaliswa lapho u-Eliza noJack begula kakhulu benesifo somkhuhlane. UFlora wayenesifiso esikhulu sokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kungcwatshwe abancane ebhokisini elilodwa - lokho kushibhile.
3. Njengoba wazi, uJack London, eba ngumbhali nentatheli, ubhala kalula amagama ayinkulungwane njalo ekuseni - umqulu omangalisayo kunoma yimuphi umbhali. Ngokwakhe ngokuhlekisa wachaza amandla akhe amakhulu njenge-prank esikoleni. Ngesikhathi kuculwa ikhwaya, wayethule, kwathi uma uthisha ekubona lokhu, wammangalela ngokungaculi kahle. Bathi, ufuna nokumosha izwi lakhe. Ukuvakasha okungokwemvelo kumqondisi kuphele ngemvume yokufaka ucezu esikhundleni sokucula kwemizuzu engu-15 nsuku zonke ekhwayeni. Kubonakala sengathi amakilasi awafani ngesikhathi, kepha iLondon yafunda ukuqeda ukwakhiwa ngaphambi kokuphela kwesifundo sekhwaya, ukuthola ingxenyana yesikhathi samahhala.
4. Ukuthandwa kukaJack London phakathi kwabantu besikhathi sakhe kanye nenzalo yakhe kuqhathaniswa nokuthandwa kwezinkanyezi zokuqala zerock. Umuntu waseCanada uRichard North, owayethanda iLondon, wake wezwa ukuthi odongeni lwelinye lamaqhugwane eHenderson Creek, kwakukhona umbhalo oqoshiwe isithombe sakhe. UNorth uqale wachitha iminyaka eminingana efuna umthumeli weposi uJack Mackenzie, owabona lo mbhalo. Wakhumbula ukuthi wawubona lo mbhalo, kodwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 edlule. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa kwakwanele eNyakatho. Wayazi ukuthi iLondon yayithuthukisa iSayithi 54 eHenderson Creek. Sebezungeze amadokodo ambalwa asindayo ngezihlibhi zezinja, abantu baseCanada ababengaphumuli babungaza impumelelo: odongeni lwesinye sazo kwaqoshwa: “UJack London, umhloli wamazwe, umbhali, ngoJanuwari 27, 1897”. Labo abasondelene neLondon nokuhlolwa kwezithombe baqinisekisa ubuqiniso bokubhalwa kwalo mbhalo. Iqhugwane lahlakazwa, futhi kusetshenziswa impahla yalo, kwakwakhelwe amakhophi amabili abalandeli bomlobi e-United States naseCanada.
5. Ngo-1904, iLondon kungenzeka ukuthi yadutshulwa amasosha aseJapane. Wafika eJapan njengombhali wezempi. Kodwa-ke, amaJapane ayengazimisele ukuvumela abokufika empini. UJack waya eKorea eyedwa, kodwa waphoqeleka ukuthi ahlale ehhotela - akazange avunyelwe ukuya ngaphambili. Ngenxa yalokho, wahileleka empikiswaneni phakathi kwenceku yakhe nozakwabo futhi washaya ngesizotha inceku yomunye umuntu. Indawo yempi, umfokazi ocasulayo ugcwele ... Ezinye izintatheli zizwe ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Omunye wabo waze wacasula ngocingo kuMongameli Roosevelt (Theodore) uqobo. Ngenhlanhla, ngisho nangaphambi kokuthola impendulo, izintatheli azizange zichithe isikhathi, futhi zasunduza iLondon ngokushesha emkhunjini owawusuka eJapan.
6. Ngokwesibili iLondon yaya empini ngo-1914. Nakulokhu futhi, ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-United States neMexico buye baba bucayi. IWashington yanquma ukuthatha itheku laseVera Cruz kumakhelwane wayo oseningizimu. UJack London waya eMexico njengombhali okhethekile kamagazini i-Collers ($ 1,100 ngesonto nokubuyiselwa kwazo zonke izindleko). Kodwa-ke, okuthile ezikhungweni eziphakeme zamandla kumile. Umsebenzi wezempi wakhanselwa. ILondon bekufanele yenelise ngokuwina okukhulu kwi-poker (ishaye ezinye izintatheli) futhi yahlushwa isifo sohudo. Ezintweni ezimbalwa akwazi ukuzithumela kulo magazini, iLondon ichaze isibindi samasosha aseMelika.
7. Ekuqaleni kohambo lwayo lokubhala, iLondon yazikhuthaza ngegama elithi "amadola ayi-10 enkulungwaneni ngayinye", imilingo kuye ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu bekusho inani lemagazini okusolwa ukuthi likhokhele ababhali ngombhalo wesandla - $ 10 ngamagama ayinkulungwane. UJack wathumela imisebenzi yakhe eminingana, ngayinye enamagama okungenani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20, komagazini abehlukene, futhi ngokwengqondo waqala ukuceba. Ukudumala kwakhe kwakukukhulu lapho ekuphenduleni okuwukuphela kwento eyafika, kwaba nesivumelwano sokuphrinta yonke indaba nge $ 5! Emsebenzini omnyama kakhulu, iLondon ibizothola okuningi kakhulu ngesikhathi esichithwe endabeni. Umsebenzi wokubhala wombhali ofisayo wasindiswa yincwadi evela kumagazini iBlack Cat eyafika ngalo lolo suku, lapho iLondon yathumela indaba yamagama ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40. Encwadini, wanikezwa ama-dollar angama-40 ngokushicilela lolu daba ngombandela owodwa - ukusika phakathi. Kepha lokho bekungama- $ 20 ngamagama ayinkulungwane!
8. Indaba ebabazekayo "Ukuthula Okumhlophe" nenye, "Kulabo abasendleleni", iLondon ithengisele umagazini i- "Transatlantic Weekly" ngama-dollar ayi-12.5, kodwa abamkhokhelanga isikhathi eside. Umbhali uqobo wafika ehhovisi lokuhlela. Ngokusobala, iLondon eqinile yathinta umhleli kanye nozakwabo - bonke abasebenzi balo magazini. Bakhipha amaphakethe abo banikela konke eLondon. Izicukuthwane zemibhalo zababili zazinemali eshisiwe engu- $ 5. Kepha lawo madola amahlanu abe nenhlanhla. Imali engenayo yaseLondon yaqala ukukhuphuka. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, umagazini ocishe ube negama elifanayo - "i-Atlantic Monthly" - wakhokhela iLondon imali engange- $ 120 ngale ndaba.
Ngokwezezimali, impilo yonke yezincwadi yaseLondon bekungumjaho ongapheli ka-Achilles nofudu. Ehola amadola, wachitha amashumi, ehola amakhulu - echitha izinkulungwane, ehola izinkulungwane, ecwila kakhulu esikweletini. ILondon yasebenza isihogo esiningi, wakhokhelwa kahle kakhulu, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, ama-akhawunti ombhali awakaze abe nenani elincane kakhulu.
10. Uhambo lwaseLondon nolomkakhe uCharmian lokunqamula iPacific esikebheni saseSnark ukuqoqa izinto ezintsha lwaphumelela - izincwadi ezinhlanu nemisebenzi emincane eminingi eminyakeni emibili. Kodwa-ke, ukunakekelwa kwe-yacht kanye nabasebenzi, kanye naphezulu, kwenze ibhizinisi elihle kakhulu laphika, yize abashicileli babekhokha kakhulu futhi ukudla ezindaweni ezishisayo kwakushibhile.
11. Ikhuluma ngezepolitiki, iLondon cishe njalo yayizibiza ngososhiyali. Konke ukubonakala kwakhe esidlangalaleni kwavusa injabulo emibuthanweni yangakwesobunxele kanye nenzondo ngakwesokudla. Kodwa-ke, ubusoshiyali babungekhona ukuqiniseka komlobi, kepha ubizo lwenhliziyo, umzamo wokumisa ubulungiswa emhlabeni unomphela, akukho okunye. Izazi zezenhlalo zivame ukugxeka iLondon ngalokhu kucabanga okuncane. Futhi lapho umbhali ecebile, ukulimala kwabo kweqa yonke imingcele.
12. Ukubhala kukonke kwalethela iLondon cishe isigidi samadola - isamba esihle ngaleso sikhathi - kodwa wayengenalutho olusele emphefumulweni wakhe ngaphandle kwezikweletu kanye nepulazi elibanjiswe ngemali. Futhi ukuthengwa kwale pulazi kubonisa kahle ikhono lomlobi lokuthenga. Ipulazi lithengiswe ngama- $ 7,000. Le ntengo ibibekiwe kulindelwe ukuthi umnikazi omusha uzozalela izinhlanzi emachibini. Umfuyi wayekulungele ukuyithengisa eLondon ngezinkulungwane eziyisi-5. Umnikazi, esaba ukucasula umbhali, waqala ngokumholela ngobumnene ukuba ashintshe intengo. ILondon inqume ukuthi bafuna ukukhuphula intengo, abayilalelanga, futhi bamemeza bethi kuvunyelwene ngentengo, isikhathi! Umnikazi kwakudingeka athathe kuye izinkulungwane eziyi-7. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbhali wayengenayo nhlobo imali, kwakudingeka ayiboleke.
13. Ngokwenhliziyo nangothando lomoya, kwakukhona abesifazane abane empilweni kaJack London. Ngesikhathi esemusha, wayethandana noMabel Applegarth. Intombazane yamphindisela, kepha umama wakhe wakwazi ukwethusa ngisho nosanta endodakazini yakhe. Ukhathazwe ukungakwazi ukuxhumana nesithandwa sakhe, iLondon yahlangana noBessie Maddern. Ngokushesha - ngo-1900 - bashada, nakuba ekuqaleni kwakungekho iphunga lothando. Babezizwa kahle nje ndawonye. Ngokwamukelwa nguBessie, uthando lweza kuye ngemuva komshado. UCharmian Kittredge waba yinkosikazi yesibili yomlobi ngo-1904, umlobi ahlala nayo yonke le minyaka esele. U-Anna Strunskaya naye waba nomthelela omkhulu eLondon. Ngale ntombazane, eyayivela eRussia, iLondon yabhala incwadi ngothando "Ukuxhumana kweCampton noWeiss".
14. Ehlobo lika-1902 iLondon yaya eNingizimu Afrika idlula eLondon. Uhambo aluzange luphumelele, kepha umbhali akazange achithe isikhathi. Wathenga izingubo eziwugwadule waya e-East End eyohlola ezansi yaseLondon. Lapho wachitha izinyanga ezintathu wabhala incwadi ethi "Abantu Bakwalasha", ecasha ngezikhathi ezithile egumbini eliqashwe umphenyi wangasese. Ngomfanekiso womuntu ohambahamba e-East End, wabuyela eNew York. Isimo sengqondo sozakwethu baseBrithani kanye nabangane baseMelika esenzweni esinjalo siboniswa yisisho somunye wabantu abahlangana, owabona masinyane: yayingekho ivesti nhlobo eLondon, futhi abamisiwe bashintshwa ibhande lesikhumba - ngokombono womuntu ojwayelekile waseMelika, umuntu odangele ngokuphelele.
15. Okungabonakali okuvela ngaphandle, kodwa indima ebaluleke kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule yempilo yaseLondon yadlalwa yiNakata yaseJapan. Umbhali wamqasha njengomfana wekhumbi ngesikhathi sohambo lweminyaka emibili eSnark. UmJapane omncane wayefana neLondon encane: wamunca ulwazi namakhono njengesipanji. Ngokushesha wafunda kahle imisebenzi elula yenceku, wabe eseba umsizi womlobi, futhi lapho iLondon ithenga ifa, empeleni waqala ukuphatha indlu. Ngasikhathi sinye, iNakata yenze umsebenzi omningi wobuchwepheshe kusuka ekucijeni amapensela nokuthenga iphepha ukuthola izincwadi ezifanele, izincwajana nezindatshana zamaphephandaba. Kamuva, uNakata, owaphathwa njengendodana yaseLondon, waba ngudokotela wamazinyo esekelwa ngumbhali ngemali.
16. ILondon ibibambe iqhaza kwezolimo. Esikhathini esifushane, waba nguchwepheshe futhi waqonda zonke izici zale mboni, kusukela ekusakazweni kwezitshalo kuya esimweni sezindaba emakethe yaseMelika. Wathuthukisa izinhlobo zemfuyo, umhlaba ovundile osusile, wasusa umhlaba olimekayo ogcwele izihlahla. Kwenziwe ngcono izinkomo zezinkomo, ama-silos, futhi kwasungulwa nezinhlelo zokunisela. Ngasikhathi sinye, abasebenzi bathola indawo yokukhosela, itafula kanye nomholo wezinsuku zokusebenza ezingamahora ayisishiyagalombili. Yiqiniso, lokhu kwakudinga imali. Ukulahleka kwezolimo kwesinye isikhathi kufinyelela ku- $ 50,000 ngenyanga.
17. Ubudlelwano beLondon noSinclair Lewis babunelukuluku, esikhathini esidumile sokuduma kweLondon njengomlobi ompofu. Ukuze athole imali encane, uLewis wathumela iziza eziningi eLondon ngezindaba ezizayo. Wayefuna ukuthengisa iziza ngo- $ 7.5. ILondon yakhetha iziza ezimbili futhi ngokwethembeka yathumela uLewis $ 15, lapho azithengela khona ijazi. Ngemuva kwalokho, iLondon kwesinye isikhathi yawela enkingeni yokudala ngenxa yesidingo sokubhala ngokushesha nangokuningi, wathenga kuLewis iziza zezindaba "Ubaba Olahlekile", "Owesifazane Owanikela Ngomphefumulo Wakhe Kumuntu" no "Boxer in a Tailcoat" ngamaRandi ama-5. Uzungu luka "Mnu. Cincinnatus" lwaphela iminyaka eyi-10. Kamuva nje, kususelwa kuzakhiwo zikaLewis, indaba "Lapho umhlaba wonke wawumncane" nendaba ethi "Isilo Esinolaka" yabhalwa. Ukutholwa kwakamuva kweLondon kwakuyisiqephu senoveli kaMurder Bureau. Umbhali wayengazi ukuthi angasondela kanjani kusakhiwo esithandekayo, futhi wabhala ngaso kuLewis. Uthumele uzakwabo ohlonishwayo uhlaka lonke lwenoveli mahhala. Maye, iLondon ayinaso isikhathi sokuyiqeda.
18. Izinsuku zokugcina zempilo kaJack London zingabalwa kusukela ngo-Agasti 18, 1913. Ngalolu suku, indlu, abeseyakhe iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu, ishe amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuthi ingeniswe. IWolf House, njengoba iLondon yayibiza kanjalo, yayiyisigodlo sangempela. Indawo ephelele yendawo yayo yayingamamitha-skwele ayi-1,400. ILondon yachitha ama- $ 80,000 ekwakhiweni kweWolf House. Ngokwemigomo yemali kuphela, ngaphandle kwamanani akhuphuke kakhulu ezinto zokwakha nokwenyusa amaholo wabakhi, lokhu cishe kungama- $ 2.5 million. Sinye kuphela isimemezelo sale mali esidale ukugxekwa okungenasihe - umbhali ozibiza ngoSonhlalonhle, wazakhela isigodlo sasebukhosini. Ngemuva komlilo eLondon, kubonakala sengathi kunento ezophukayo. Waqhubeka nokusebenza, kepha konke ukugula kwakhe kwaba kubi ngasikhathi sinye, futhi wayengasayithokozeli impilo.
19. Novemba 21, 1916 uJack London waqeda ukupakisha - wayezoya eNew York. Kuze kube kusihlwa, ukhulume nodadewabo u-Eliza, bexoxa ngezinhlelo ezengeziwe zokukhulisa ezolimo epulazini. Ekuseni ngoNovemba 22, u-Eliza wavuswa yizisebenzi - uJack wayelele embhedeni equlekile. Etafuleni eliseceleni kombhede kwakukhona amabhodlela e-morphine (eLondon aqeda izinhlungu ezivela ku-uremia) ne-atropine. Okukhuluma kakhulu kwakungamanothi avela encwadini yokubhalela enezibalo zethamo elibulalayo lobuthi. Odokotela bathatha zonke izindlela zokutakula ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa kwaba nhlanga zimuka nomoya. Ngehora le-19 uJack London oneminyaka engama-40 ubudala waqeda uhambo lwakhe lomhlaba olunzima.
20. E-Emerville, idolobha elingaphansi kwe-Auckland, lapho azalelwa khona futhi endaweni ahlala kuyo isikhathi esiningi sempilo yakhe, abalandeli bakhe batshala isihlahla se-oki ngo-1917. Lesi sihlahla, esitshalwe maphakathi nesikwele, sisakhula. AbakwaLondon aficionados bathi kulapho kulinywe khona isihlahla se-oki lapho uJack London ethula enye yezinkulumo zakhe zokulwa nobungxiwankulu. Ngemuva kwale nkulumo, waboshwa okokuqala ngezizathu zezepolitiki, yize ngokwamaphepha wamaphoyisa, waboshwa ngenxa yokuphazamisa ukuthula komphakathi.
