INtaba iRushmore edumile iyisikhumbuzo sikazwelonke esiseNingizimu yeSouth Dakota, lapho kubhalwe khona ubuso babongameli abane baseMelika: u-Abraham Lincoln, uGeorge Washington, uTheodore Roosevelt, uThomas Jefferson.
Ngamunye wabo wenza imizamo eminingi yokuchuma kweMelika, ngakho-ke kwathathwa isinqumo sokwakha itshe lokuqala lesikhumbuzo edwaleni ngenhlonipho yabo. Impela, wonke umuntu usibonile isithombe salo msebenzi wobuciko noma wasikhumbula kumafilimu. Izivakashi ezi-2 million ziza kuye minyaka yonke zizobheka uphawu oluyingqayizivele lwe-United States.
Ukwakhiwa kweMount Rushmore Memorial
Ukwakhiwa kwetshe lesikhumbuzo kwaqala ngo-1927 ngokuxhaswa ngusomabhizinisi ocebile uCharles Rushmore, owabela u- $ 5,000 - ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyimali enkulu. Eqinisweni, intaba yaqanjwa ngegama lakhe ngenxa yokupha kwakhe.
Uma uzibuza ukuthi ngubani owakha lesi sikhumbuzo, kwakungumqophi waseMelika uJohn Gutzon Borglum. Kodwa-ke, wona lowo mqondo wokwakha izithasiselo zomongameli abane ungokaJohn Robinson, owayeqale afune ubuso bama-cowboys namaNdiya entabeni, kepha uBorglum wakwazi ukumncenga ukuba aveze omongameli. Umsebenzi wokwakha waqedwa ngo-1941.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke eNtabeni i-Ararati.
Nsuku zonke, abasebenzi babekhuphuka izitebhisi ezingama-506 ukukhuphukela esiqongweni sentaba. Iziqhumane zazisetshenziselwa ukukhipha izingcezu ezinkulu zamatshe. Ngesikhathi somsebenzi, kwasuswa amathani edwala angaba ngu-360,000. Amakhanda ngokwawo asikwa ngama-jackhammers.
Kuthathe abasebenzi abayi-400 iminyaka eyi-14 ukuveza amakhanda ama-4 eNtabeni iRushmore, ubude bawo bungamamitha ayi-18, kanti indawo ephelele yesikhumbuzo ifinyelela kumahektha angama-517. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi umqophi wayengakwazi ukubona inguqulo yokugcina yendalo yakhe ngamehlo akhe, ngoba washona ngaphambi nje kwalokho, futhi indodana yakhe yaqeda ukwakhiwa.
Kungani ngempela laba mongameli?
Umqophi uGutzon Borglum, edala itshe lesikhumbuzo, "wabeka" incazelo ejulile kuso - wayefuna ukukhumbuza abantu ngemithetho ebaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kwayo okungekho sizwe esiphucukile esingaba khona. Yile mithetho nezimiso ezaziqondiswa ngesikhathi sazo ngababusi baseMelika, ababoniswe entabeni.
UThomas Jefferson wayengumsunguli weSimemezelo Sokuzimela. UGeorge Washington wabulawa ngokwenza umphakathi waseMelika ubuse ngentando yeningi. U-Abraham Lincoln wakwazi ukuqeda ubugqila e-United States of America. UTheodore Roosevelt wakha iPanama Canal, eyathuthukisa kakhulu umnotho wezwe futhi yakha izimo ezikahle zokuthuthuka kwamabhizinisi.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Izakhamizi zesizwe samaNdiya ezibizwa ngamaLakota zihlala eduze neNtaba iRushmore futhi ziyithatha njengendawo engcwele. Kodwa babheka ukwakhiwa kwetshe lesikhumbuzo njengokucekela phansi impahla.
- Isikhumbuzo esifanayo sakhiwe eduze, sanikezelwa kumholi wamaNdiya ogama lakhe linguCrazy Horse.
- Amafilimu amaningi adutshulwa eduze kwentaba, phakathi kwawo okuthandwa kakhulu: "North by Northwest", "Superman 2", "National Treasure: Book of Secrets".
Ungafika kanjani eNtabeni iRushmore
Isikhumulo sezindiza esiseduze kakhulu etsheni lesikhumbuzo (ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-36) yisikhumulo sezindiza eRapid City. Amabhasi awagijimi ukusuka edolobheni kuya ebaziwe, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqasha imoto noma i-hitchhike. Umgwaqo oholela kule ntaba ubizwa nge-Highway 16A, wona oholela ku-Highway 244, oholela ngqo esikhumbuzweni. Ungangena futhi ku-Highway 244 nge-U.S. 16 Expressway.
