U-Adam Mickiewicz ungene emkhankasweni wezinkondlo hhayi ngenxa yethalente lakhe elikhulu lezinkondlo. AmaPoland, inani lamathalenta emibhalo phakathi kwawo angabalwa eminweni yesandla esisodwa, ambize ngomunye wabakudala abakhulu bezothando. Ndawonye noZ. Krasinskiy noJu. Slovatskiy. Le yindlela incazelo ezulazula ngayo isuka kokukodwa komlando womuntu iye kolunye: I-NN kanye no-XX kanye no-YY bakudala kakhulu kwezothando. Kuphela amagama abuyiselwa emuva.
Noma ngubani owalwa nganoma iyiphi indlela ngokumelene ne-tsarism wayehambisana nokugxekwa kweSoviet. Yile ndlela okwavela ngayo osokhemisi abangazange bathole lutho olulodwa, izazi zezinkanyezi ezingazange zithole ngisho inkanyezi eyodwa, ababhali ngaphandle kwezincwadi ezishicilelwe - ukube nje balwa nobushiqela, futhi, mhlawumbe, kuze kube sekufeni. Kepha iMitskevich, uPushkin akhuluma ngayo kahle, uNkulunkulu uqobo wayala ukuthi kumenyezelwe okudala. Ngokunjalo noMickiewicz, omsebenzi wakhe wahunyushelwa ezilimini zabantu base-USSR kuphela, wacishe waba ngumlando wakudala. Nayi imicimbi embalwa nje evela empilweni yommeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke bezithandani zasePoland:
1. Njengomlingiswa oyedwa odumile kwezepolitiki yaseRussia, uMitskevich wayeyindodana yommeli.
2. UMickiewicz akakaze aphile unomphela endaweni yasePoland kuzo zonke izindawo zayo (ngo-1815 iPoland yahlukaniswa okwesithathu yaqala yaphenduka iDuchy yaseWarsaw, yabe seyingena eMbusweni wasePoland). Wazalelwa eLithuania, wayehlala eRussia naseYurophu.
3. Umndeni wakwaMickiewicz, owakhulisa indodana yawo ngomoya wobuzwe basePoland nokuhlupheka ngokugqilazwa abaseRussia, wawunendlu enhle kakhulu edolobheni
4. Ubaba kaMickiewicz, owayefisa ukuthi uNapoleon anqobe iRussia futhi akhulule iPoland, washona ngabo kanye ubusuku bokuhlasela kukaNapoleon. Ukufa kukayise nokuwa kukaNapoleon eRussia kwakuyizimpawu ezinamandla kakhulu ebuntwaneni buka-Adam.
5. Ngaphandle kwemibono emelene kakhulu neRussia, uMitskevich wangena eyunivesithi kwisabelomali sombuso - izifundo zakhe zakhokhelwa uMbuso owawuzondwa.
6. Eyunivesithi, u-Adam wakha umphakathi oyimfihlo wabathandi besayensi, okwakukhona kuwo umphakathi oyimfihlo ngokuphelele wabangane bokulunga.
7. Inkondlo yokuqala kaMickiewicz "Ubusika" yashicilelwa phakathi neminyaka yakhe eyunivesithi.
8. I-Tsarism ayigcinanga ngokunika uMickiewicz imfundo, kodwa futhi futhi yamnikeza nomsebenzi ngokushesha endaweni yokuzivocavoca umzimba eKaunas, ngaleso sikhathi eyayibizwa ngeKovno. UMickiewicz ubheke umthwalo womsebenzi wamahora angama-20 ngesonto njengenhlekelele.
9. Ukuba matasa esikoleni akuzange kuvimbele imbongi ekubhaleni amaqoqo ayo ezinkondlo “amaBallads nezothando”, “Grazhina” nezingxenye ezimbili zenkondlo ethi “Dzyady” (Wake).
10. Ababhali bezindaba zomlando abathembekile babiza uMickiewicz ngesisulu sokucasulwa nguNikolai Novosiltsev, owayephethe iPoland ngaleyo minyaka. Bathi uNovosiltsev wayefuna ukukhombisa u-Alexander I uzungu olukhulu futhi wafaka izingxoxo ezingenacala zentsha yasePoland cishe kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokuvukela umbuso. Eqinisweni, leli cala laqhunyiswa "yizisulu" ezaqala ukugijimela ukubeka amaqabane abo. UMickiewicz wachitha cishe unyaka ejele, wabe esethunyelwa “ekudingisweni” - esuka eLithuania eya eRussia.
11. Ekudingisweni, u-Adam wayehlala eSt. Petersburg, e-Odessa, eCrimea naseMoscow, yonke indawo ephethe izikhundla zomphakathi futhi engatholi mingcele ethile emalini.
12. Isimo somdlandla sabafundi baseRussia nabahlonishwa maqondana noMickiewicz singachazwa ngokulula - kunoma iyiphi iPole babona omele abantu abacindezelwe kepha abanenqubekela phambili. Noma kunjalo, ngesinye isikhathi ngisho nenkosi yaseFrance yesikhathi esizayo yabusa abasePoland!
13. Ngo-1829, ihlazo elingabekezeleleki laphela ngokusuka eParis.
14. UMickiewicz, njengoba kubhala ababhali bezinto eziphilayo bebhala, “wazama ngempumelelo” ukujoyina udlame lwasePoland lwango-1830. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, azidalulwanga izizathu zokuthi kungani ehlulekile ukubamba iqhaza empini ephelele. UMickiewicz wabhala ngentshiseko izindatshana emaphephandabeni aseYurophu futhi wayala u-Count Lubensky endlini yakhe engekude neDresden.
Ukubamba iqhaza kwembongi eMpini YaseCrimea kwakucishe kufane. Izinkulungwane zamavolontiya asePoland alwa ohlangothini lwenhlangano yaseYurophu elwa neRussia, kodwa uMickiewicz ngokuhlakanipha wahlela ukuba zithunyelwe emasosheni asuka eConstantinople.
16. EFrance, uMickiewicz wafundisa izifundo zesiLatin nezesiSlavic, kodwa neziphathimandla ezikhululekile zaseFrance azizange ziyithande inkulumo-ze yakhe yokukhethelwa abasePoland kuphela, uMickiewicz waxoshwa. Ubani eFrance yamaKatolika ngawo-1840 owayengathanda isitatimende esidlangalaleni esifana nokuthi “IPoland ukuphela kwezwe lamaKhatholika emhlabeni”?
17. U-Adamu wazama kaningi ukushada, kepha abazali babakhethiweyo bakhe babengafuni ukunikela ngamadodakazi abo kumuntu ngaphandle komthombo ocacile wokuthola imali noma impahla.
18. Ngo-1834, uMickiewicz eParis washada nowokufika wasePoland uCelina Szymanowska. Ngenxa yokukhashelwa okungapheli komyeni wakhe, umlingani washeshe wahlushwa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okukhulu. Wakwazi ukubuyisa omunye uPole Andrzej Tovianski, owayaziwa njengomuntu oyimfihlakalo futhi ocacile. Emshadweni, iMitskevichs yayinezingane eziyisithupha.
19. Umsebenzi wokugcina wezinkondlo kaMickiewicz kwakuyinkondlo ethi "Pan Tadeusz", eyashicilelwa ngo-1834. Ukuchazwa kokuziphatha kwamakhosi asemazweni amancane ePoland kubhekwa njengesiqephu sikazwelonke nobuciko bokubhala.
20. UMickiewicz wabulawa yikholera eConstantinople phakathi neMpi YaseCrimea, engakaze akwazi ukuhlanganisa ibutho lakhe lasePoland. Isidumbu sakhe sangcwatshwa eTurkey, eParis, kanti imbongi yagcina ibuyiselwe eKrakow.
