Phakathi kwempumelelo esolisayo yempucuko, engashiywa kahle, indawo yokuqala, okungenzeka kakhulu, ingeyokukhangisa. Imikhiqizo yokukhangisa ehlukahlukene kakhulu evela endleleni yokwazisa abathengi sekuyisikhathi eside iphenduke indlela yokubakhohlisa ngokubeka impahla nezinsizakalo.
Ibhizinisi lokukhangisa selibe yimboni enkulu enezinkulungwane zabasebenzi. Futhi akubona nje ababhali nabaculi. Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zisebenza kwimikhiqizo yokukhangisa. Ukwazi ngobuthakathaka besayensi yokusebenza kwengqondo yomuntu namathuba okubathonya kukuvumela ukuthi wakhe ukukhangisa okukhohlisa ukusebenza komuntu. Phakathi kwazo, sekuvele kunezingxoxo mayelana nokuthi imingcele yalokhu kukhwabanisa ikuphi nokuthi ukukhohlisa okunjalo kulungile yini.
Izinsuku ezimnandi zakudala, lapho bekutholakala ngesikhangiso esingunxande ephephandabeni ukuthi esitolo nakulokho ekhelini elinjalo bekungenzeka ukuthi kuthengwe umkhiqizo othize ngentengo enjalo, sekuyisikhathi eside zishonile. Manje umuntu kufanele azifunele umkhiqizo ngokuzimela, engazi intengo, kepha azi ukuthi lo mkhiqizo umane uyadingeka kuye. Vele, isidingo siyinto eqanjiwe ngokuphelele, ebekwa kumuntu ngokusebenzisa ukukhangisa. Ngemuva kokuthenga, uzogcizelela ubudoda / ubufazi bakhe, athuthukise kakhulu impilo yakhe (inqobo nje uma iziwula zisebenzisa i-chemistry), zithuthukise ukuheha phakathi kwabantu bobulili obuhlukile, zenyuse isimo sakhe senhlalo futhi ngasikhathi sinye zilondoloze imali eningi.
Cha, akunjalo, uqobo, ngamunye wethu akasona isilima ngokwanele ukukholelwa ezinganekwaneni zokukhangisa. Lapha nje omalume ababucayi bachitha amakhulu ezigidigidi zamaRandi ngonyaka kwezokukhangisa. Kungenzeka, yiqiniso, ukuthi yibo abayiziphukuphuku, kodwa amathuba okuba kwenzeke okunjalo, ngokunokwenzeka, avame ukuba zero. Ukuphatha izigidigidi, udinga ukutadisha kahle i-psychology yomuntu.
1. Ngokwethiyori, izindlela ezimbili ezisemqoka ezisetshenziswayo ekukhangiseni ezokukhangisa nokusikisela. Ngesikhathi sokukholisa, umuntu unikezwa imininingwane, ngemuva kokuyicubungula okufanele enze isinqumo esithile. Ukusikisela kuyindlela yokukhohlisa. Umbono noma isinqumo sithathwa masinyane kumuntu, futhi isisusa salesi sinqumo singase singabaluleki noma singabikho. Ngokwenzayo, abadali bezikhangiso banamuhla cishe abasebenzisi ukukholisa. Ukukhangisa kufanele kugxilise ngokushesha nangokuqinile izihloko ezidingekayo, futhi lapho isiphakamiso senziwa ngokuqinile, ukukhangisa okusebenza ngempumelelo kuzoba ngokombono wabadali bayo. Uchungechunge oludumile lwezikhangiso "zomlando" zeBhange Imperial lungathathwa njengesibonelo esivamile sesiphakamiso esivelele. Amavidiyo awazange abe nemininingwane ngebhange, ngaphandle kwegama.
2. Okuqondiwe okubili okukhangiswa yisikhangiso kuyimemori nokunaka. Okokuqala, ukunakwa komthengi kuyadonswa, kuyilapho kungadingeki nhlobo ukuthi indlela noma into yokuheha abantu ihlotshaniswe nokukhangisa. Bese kuthi ngokuphindaphindwa okulula nokulula, kungeniswe umyalezo othile engqondweni yomuntu. Ubuchwepheshe obudonsa ukunaka buthuthukiswe ngokujule kangangokuba nabakhangisi ngokwabo kaningi abakwazi ukuzihlukanisa noma bazibeke ohlwini lwazo.
3. Ngokwezimfundiso zomkhakha wezokukhangisa, ukulandelana kwamavidiyo, umbhalo ocacisiwe nophrintiwe, kanye nomculo, ozwakala ngasikhathi sinye futhi ukhonjiswa kwezentengiselwano kuthelevishini, awudluli ngokweqile, kepha lokho okubizwa ngethonya eliningi kwi-psychology yomthengi ongaba khona. Uhlaka oludumile lwe- "25th frame" kwakuwumzamo wokukhulisa ukusweleka kwalo mphumela.
4. "Odokotela Mengele" besayensi yokusebenza kwengqondo basungule iqiniso elilula, kepha elingathandeki kubantu abavamile: konke umuntu akukhumbule njengomphumela wokuphindaphinda kukhunjulwa ngokuphelele, noma ngabe umuntu uhlobana kanjani nalokho okuphindaphindwayo. Noma ngubani owayenekhanda lakhe okungenani isigamu sehora “Izifunda, izindawo ezingomakhelwane, izindawo zokuhlala ...” noma “Umoya wawuvunguza usuka olwandle, umoya wasolwandle wawuphephetha, uhlangabezana nenkinga, uhlangabezana nenkinga…” uzoqonda ukuthi leli phuzu likhuluma ngani. Ekukhangiseni, lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka, kepha ngemuva kokuthi igama elithi "njalo" likhulunywe kakhulu ngezwi lowesifazane, abaningi bazofaka ngokuzenzakalela "Coca-Cola".
5. Inhloso enkulu yomkhiqizo wokukhangisa ukutheleleka kwengqondo komthengi. Ukutheleleka okunjalo kuvumela ukudluliswa okuqondile kwemininingwane hhayi kuphela ebuchosheni bomuntu, kepha futhi nezindlela zokuziphatha noma izimo zemizwa. Kuyisici ukuthi abakhiqizi bezimpahla zeqembu elifanayo bancintisane ngokuqinile emakethe yezimpahla zangempela futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo basebenze ngenhloso ejwayelekile emakethe yezokukhangisa. Ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwezikhangiso kufundisa umuntu ngakho, kwakhe inqwaba yabathengi.
6. Ucwaningo lwezengqondo lukhombisile ukuthi iningi labathengi, lapho libuka izikhangiso, libizwa kanjalo. "Ukukhanyiselwa" - isikhathi lapho isidingo somkhiqizo okhangisiwe sifezwa - asiveli ngenxa yokuhlaziywa, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuhlanganiswa kombono wezinto ezihambisanayo: isithombe, umbhalo, umsindo. Ngemuva kokuqala kokukhanyiselwa okunjalo, awudingi ngisho nokukhombisa konke ukuthengisa: ubuchopho buzozengeza bodwa.
7. Okuqukethwe kwemininingwane enganele yomkhiqizo wokukhangisa kuthinta umuntu kubi kakhulu kunokwedlula imininingwane. Ngokuya ngocwaningo olukhethekile lwengqondo, ukuntuleka kwesivumelwano kwezentengiso kubangela ukungakhululeki ku-4/5 wababukeli.
8. Ngo-1998, iRussia yenza ucwaningo olukhulu ngomthelela wezikhangiso zethelevishini kumbukeli. Siqhathanise umthelela wamavidiyo lapho umyalezo wokukhangisa ububhekiswe ngqo kumbukeli ("Ungakwazi manje ...") nezindaba zokukhangisa lapho imininingwane yethulwa khona ngokungaqondile, ngendlela yezingxoxo noma izimpendulo zemibuzo. Ababukeli abangama-70% bahlole kahle isikhangiso esilethwe ngendlela yengxoxo. Noma kunjalo, ukukhangisa "okuya ngakunye" kuyabusa futhi kuzoqhubeka ukubusa: umkhangisi akadingi ukuhlola ividiyo, kepha ukuthengisa umkhiqizo.
9. Ubulili kwezokukhangisa zanamuhla cishe bususelwa ekuhloleni kwengqondo. Yizimfundiso zikaSigmund Freud nabalandeli bakhe eziyalela abadali bezithombe zokukhangisa ezidala ubumnandi, zikhulule i-libido, ziyenze isifiso sokudla. Njengomphumela wokukhonjiswa kwezithombe ezinjalo ekukhangiseni, imikhiqizo ekhushulwayo ibizwa kuthiwa yilezo zakhiwo abangenazo. Isibonelo sakudala ukusetshenziswa kogwayi ezikhangisweni zezimoto ngawo-1950 e-United States. I-cigar iwuphawu oludala lwamandla wesilisa ocansi. Isikhangiso sidlulisele lokhu okufanekisela emotweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuthengisa kukhuphuke ngama-40%, iningi labathengi, impela, kungamadoda. Ubulili kwezokukhangisa sekuqonde kakhulu manje. I-Psychology, ikakhulukazi kwezentengiso ezimakethe eziningi, yavumela inkanuko - ama-chew chips - yadonsa ukunaka kwamantombazane amahle. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ngabe kusolwe icala yini ukushintshwa kwengqondo yabathengi noma ushintsho kwi-psychology yabadali bezikhangiso.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezocansi ekukhangiseni kusebenza kakhulu ... ukukhunjulwa kokukhangisa okunjalo, akukho okunye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ziqinisekisa ukuthi emikhiqizweni eminingi yokukhangisa yokuqukethwe okufanayo, lowo oqukethe isici socansi ukhunjulwa kangcono. Kepha ucwaningo lokumaketha alutholi ukuhlangana okunjalo. Lokho, akunakuphikiswa ngokungangabazeki ukuthi emikhiqizweni eminingana ecishe ifane, umthengi uzokhetha ngqo lowo okukhangisayo onamanothi ezocansi.
Ngokuvamile, lesi yisikhangiso somugqa wezingubo zamadoda ...
11. Iphunga lisebenza kwi-psyche ngokushesha kunokubona noma ukuzwa - imizwa yokunaka ifinyelela ebuchosheni ngokushesha. Ngasikhathi sinye, iphunga le-rose, i-clove, i-mint (!) Futhi ikhofi linomphumela othokozisayo, ama-citrus aromas asakaza ukunakwa, iphunga likalamula livuselela isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, kanye namaphunga e-chamomile ne-lavender aphumule. U-Alan Hirsch, udokotela wezinzwa waseMelika kanye nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, waba ngowokuqala ukuphenya amathuba okuhogela ekukhangiseni ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20. Uthole ukuthi ukuba khona kwephunga elimnandi ezitolo ezidayisa impahla kube nomthelela omuhle ekuthengisweni.
12. Ngenkathi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980 okokuhlanza kwemikhiqizo yomhlaba ehamba phambili kwaqala ukungena kwi-USSR ngobuningi, ukuthengisa kwabo ekuqaleni kwakukuncane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma imuphi umkhiqizo wangaphandle wawudingeka kakhulu e-USSR. Kwakungemva kocwaningo olunzulu lokumaketha lapho isizathu sokukhushulwa kancane kwemikhiqizo yabakhiqizi abadumile emhlabeni yasungulwa. Ama-detergents aseSoviet ahlala anuka ngokungafani ne-chlorine. Izizukulwane ngezizukulwane, inhlangano yezengqondo isakhiwe - okokuhlanza okusebenzayo kufanele kunuke njenge-bleach. Ngakho-ke, imikhiqizo yokuqala evela eNtshonalanga, eyayinephunga elimnandi, yathathwa njengento engenamsebenzi, yokuzitika. Izinkampani kwakudingeka zenze "amakha" akhethekile, angenabungozi afaka iphunga le-bleach ephunga lamanzi oketshezi. Ukuthengiswa konyaka kukhule ngamaphesenti angamakhulu.
Impushana yokuwasha eyiHarsh Soviet
13. Amahlaya ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ekukhangiseni izimpahla ezinkulu zenani eliphezulu (izimoto, ubucwebe, izingubo ezibizayo). Ngokuvamile bayancokola lapho bekhuthaza "injabulo encane yansuku zonke" - ubhiya, ukudla okulula, osikilidi, iziphuzo ezinamandla zotshwala. Abantu bavame ukubheka izimpahla ezibizayo njengezandiso ze- "I" yabo, ngakho-ke ukuhlekisa lapho ukukhangisa lezo zinto kugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthenga okukhulu kuvame ukubangelwa hhayi kuphela isifiso sokuthenga umkhiqizo, kodwa futhi kuyaphoqeleka: kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ibhizinisi lakho noma isimo senhlalo. Utshwala nogwayi akubizi kangako, umuntu uvame ukuba nesikhuthazo sokuthenga umkhiqizo, futhi ukukhangisa okuhlekisayo ngempumelelo kudonsela ukunaka kwakhe komunye umkhiqizo.
14. Kuyaziwa ukuthi imibala eyahlukene ivusa imizwa ehlukene kumuntu. Kepha umbono ongokwengqondo wemibala wehlukile kumasiko namasiko. Okumhlophe eMelika kuhlotshaniswa nokuthula nobumsulwa, kanti naseChina - ngobubi nengozi. KumaNdiya, ophuzi ubukhazikhazi, futhi kubantu baseBrazil, ukuphelelwa yithemba. E-China, umbala omnyama, ukulila kwabantu abaningi, kufanekisela ukwethembeka. Futhi ukuqhathanisa kwamagama nemizwa yokubuka kubizwa nge-synesthesia.
15. Kwesinye isikhathi kungabonakala sengathi izikhangiso zenziwa ngabantu abangahlukaniswa ngongqondongqondo okhethekile, noma kubhekiswe kubantu abasezingeni eliphansi lezobunhloli. Kokubili ukucabanga akulungile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, awekho amathuluzi amaningi kangako ezandleni zabakhangisi ukudala imikhiqizo esebenzayo. Kuhlu olunwetshiwe kakhulu, inani labo alifinyeleli kweshumi nambili. Ubulili, isifiso sokugqama, isifiso sokuba ngowokuqala, onempilo, omuhle, wokushisekela izwe, ukuthambekela kokulandela izeluleko zochwepheshe, noma okuphambene nalokho, isifiso sokuncika emibonweni yabo ... Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imikhiqizo yabo - ukukhangisa - kufanele kube njengoba kukhunjulwa futhi kusebenze ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi ukusebenza kahle kutholakala kalula ngokuncenga hhayi izimfanelo ezingcono kakhulu zomuntu: ize, ukuziqhenya, ukubukela phansi komuntu, isifiso sokubonakala singcono kunalokho esiyikho, njll. Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi iningi lemikhiqizo yokukhangisa ehambisana nemithetho yomkhiqizo wabo empeleni isiphakamiso esibuthuntu sangaphambili sokuthi ngokushesha nangokubizi kube ngcono ngandlela thile kunezinye. Bakhangisa ngendlela esibona ngayo.
