Bambalwa abantu bakwamanye amazwe abakwazi ukukhombisa i-Estonia ebalazweni lendawo. Futhi kulokhu, akukho okushintshile selokhu izwe lathola inkululeko - ngokwendawo, i-Estonia yayijwayele ukuba ngemuva kwegceke le-USSR, manje sekungasemaphethelweni e-European Union.
Umnotho udaba oluhlukile - i-USSR itshale izinsiza ezibucayi emnothweni wase-Estonia. Kwakuyi-republic yezimboni enezolimo ezithuthukisiwe nenethiwekhi yezokuthutha eminyene. Futhi ngisho nefa elinjalo, i-Estonia ibhekane nokwehla okukhulu komnotho. Ukuzinza okuthile kuza kuphela nokwakhiwa kabusha komnotho - manje cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ze-GDP yase-Estonia zivela emkhakheni wezinsizakalo.
Abantu base-Estonia bangabantu abazolile, abasebenza kanzima futhi abonga imali. Lokhu, empeleni, kuwukwenza okujwayelekile, kukhona, njenganoma yisiphi isizwe, bobabili abasebenzisa imali kanye nabantu abangasebenzi kahle. Aziphuthumi, futhi kunezizathu zomlando zalokhu - isimo sezulu ezweni sinomswakamo futhi sinomswakama kakhulu kunaseRussia eningi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umlimi akudingeki asheshe kakhulu, ungenza konke ngaphandle kokuxhamazela, kodwa ngokuzwakalayo. Kepha uma kunesidingo, abase-Estonia bayakwazi ukusheshisa - kukhona ompetha abaningi bama-Olimpiki kumuntu ngamunye kunakuyo yonke iYurophu.
1. Indawo yase-Estonia - 45,226 km2... Izwe likleliswe endaweni ka-129th, likhulu kancane kuneDenmark futhi lincane kancane kuneDominican Republic neSlovakia. Kusobala kakhulu ukuqhathanisa lawo mazwe nezifunda zaseRussia. I-Estonia icishe ilingane nesifunda saseMoscow. Endaweni yesifunda saseSverdlovsk, esikude kakhulu kunayo yonke eRussia, bekungaba nabase-Estonia abane abanemikhawulo.
2. I-Estonia iyikhaya labantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-1 318, okuyindawo yesi-156 emhlabeni. Ngokuqhathanisa okusondele kakhulu ngokwenani labahlali baseSlovenia, kunezakhamizi eziyizigidi eziyi-2.1. EYurophu, uma ungazinaki izifunda ezincane, i-Estonia ingeyesibili kuphela eMontenegro - izinkulungwane ezingama-622. Ngisho naseRussia, i-Estonia ibizothatha indawo yama-37 kuphela - isifunda sasePenza kanye neKhabarovsk Territory banezinkomba zabantu ezilinganayo. Abantu abaningi bahlala eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg, eNovosibirsk naseYekaterinburg kunase-Estonia, naseNizhny Novgorod naseKazan kancane kancane.
3. Ngisho noma kunensimu encane kangako, i-Estonia inabantu abambalwa - abantu abangu-28.5 ngekhilomitha ngalinye2, 147th emhlabeni. Eduze kuneKyrgyzstan enezintaba neVenezuela neMozambique embozwe yihlathi. Kodwa-ke, e-Estonia, ukwakheka kwezwe nakho akulungile - ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu yensimu kuhlala amaxhaphozi. ERussia, isifunda iSmolensk sicishe silingane, nakwezinye izifunda ezingama-41 inani labantu liphakeme.
4. Cishe i-7% yabantu base-Estonia inesimo "sabangezona izakhamizi". Laba ngabantu ababehlala e-Estonia ngesikhathi kumenyezelwa inkululeko, kepha ababutholanga ubuzwe base-Estonia. Ekuqaleni, kwakukhona cishe ama-30% abo.
5. Kuwo wonke “amantombazane” ayi-10 e-Estonia awekho ngisho “nabafana” abayi-9, kepha abangu-8.4. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi abesifazane bakuleli baphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engu-4,5 ubude kunabesilisa.
6. Ngokuya ngomkhiqizo ophelele wasekhaya womuntu ngamunye ekulinganisweni kwamandla kagesi, ngokusho kwe-UN, i-Estonia ikleliswe endaweni yama-44 emhlabeni ($ 30,850), ngemuva kancane kweCzechs ($ 33,760) kodwa ngaphambi kweGrisi, iPoland neHungary.
7. Isikhathi samanje sokuzimela kwe-Estonia yisikhathi eside kunazo zonke emlandweni waso. Isikhathi sokuqala lapho iRiphabhulikhi ezimele yase-Estonia yaba khona iminyaka engaphezudlwana kwengama-21 - kusukela ngoFebhuwari 24, 1918 kuya ku-Agasti 6, 1940. Ngalesi sikhathi, izwe likwazile ukushintsha ohulumeni abangama-23 futhi langena ngaphansi kobushiqela obunamandla.
8. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iminyaka eminingana i-RSFSR kwakuwukuphela kwezwe emhlabeni ukwamukela i-Estonia, ngo-1924, ngaphansi kwebhaxa lokulwa nokuvukelwa kwamakhomanisi, iziphathimandla zase-Estonia zakumisa ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla zisuka eRussia ziya emachwebeni aseBaltic. Ukuthengwa kwempahla ngonyaka kuye kwehla kusuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-246 kuya kumathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1.6. Kwaqubuka inkinga yezomnotho ezweni, eyahlulwa kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi. Ngakho-ke umzamo wamanje we-Estonia wokucekela phansi okwenziwa yiRussia ngensimu yawo akuyona eyokuqala emlandweni.
9. Ngo-1918, insimu yase-Estonia yahlalwa amasosha aseJalimane. AmaJalimane, aphoqwa ukuhlala emapulazini, ashaqeka ngenxa yezimo zokungahlanzeki futhi ayalelwa ukuthi akhe indlu yangasese epulazini ngalinye. Abase-Estonia bathobela lo myalo - ngokungalaleli basongela inkantolo - kepha ngemuva kwesikhashana amaJalimane athola ukuthi kukhona izindlu zangasese emapulazini, futhi azikho izindlela eziya kuzo. Ngokusho komunye wabaholi be-Open-Air Museum, nguhulumeni waseSoviet kuphela owafundisa abantu base-Estonia ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
10. Abalimi base-Estonia ngokuvamile babehlanzekile kunabantu bakubo basemadolobheni. Izindawo eziningi zasemapulazini zazinamabhavu, kanti abampofu, lapho kwakungekho mabhavu, bagezwa ngezindishi. Kwakunezindawo zokugeza ezimbalwa emadolobheni, futhi abahlali bedolobha babengafuni ukuwasebenzisa - itiye, hhayi intambo ebomvu, izakhamuzi zedolobha kufanele zigeze kubhavu. Kodwa-ke, u-3% wezindlu zokuhlala zaseTallinn zazinezindawo zokugeza. Amanzi alethwa emagezeni avela emithonjeni - amanzi anezibungu nezinhlayiya zezinhlanzi agijimela emabangeni amakhulu. Umlando wokwelashwa kwamanzi eTallinn uqala ngo-1927 kuphela.
11. Ujantshi wokuqala e-Estonia wavulwa ngo-1870. Umbuso kanye ne-USSR yathuthukisa ngenkuthalo inethiwekhi yesitimela, futhi manje, ngokuya ngobuningi bayo, i-Estonia ithatha indawo ephezulu kakhulu engama-44 emhlabeni. Ngokwenkomba, izwe liphambi kweSweden ne-United States, futhi lingemuva nje kweSpain.
12. Ukucindezelwa kweziphathimandla zaseSoviet ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-Estonia ngo-1940 kwathinta abantu ababalelwa ku-12,000. Cishe i-1,600, ngezindinganiso ezibanzi, lapho izigebengu zifakwa phakathi kwabacindezelwe, badutshulwa, abafinyelela kwabangu-10 000 bathunyelwa emakamu. AmaNazi adubula okungenani abantu bendabuko abangama-8,000 kanye namaJuda angaba ngu-20 000 abalethwe e-Estonia naseziboshweni zempi zaseSoviet. Okungenani ama-Estonia angama-40,000 abamba iqhaza empini eyayisehlangothini lweJalimane.
13. Okthoba 5, 1958, umhlangano wemoto yokuqala yokugijima waphothulwa eTallinn Auto Repair Plant. Eminyakeni engama-40 nje kuphela yokusebenza, isitshalo esisenhlokodolobha yase-Estonia sesikhiqize izimoto ezingaphezu kuka-1 300. Okuningi ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhiqizwa kuphela isitshalo sesiNgisi esithi "Lotus". Esitshalweni iVihur, amamodeli akudala e-VAZ acutshungulwa aba yizimoto zomjaho ezinamandla, ezisadingeka eYurophu.
14. Izindlu e-Estonia azibizi kakhulu. Ngisho nasenhlokodolobha, intengo emaphakathi ngemitha eyisikwele yendawo yokuhlala ngama-1,500 euros. E-Old Town kuphela ingafinyelela ku-3 000. Ezindaweni ezingadumile, ifulethi elinekamelo elilodwa lingathengwa ngama-euro ayi-15,000. Ngaphandle kwenhlokodolobha, izindlu zishibhile kakhulu - kusuka kuma-250 kuya kuma-600 euros ngemitha eyisikwele. Ukuqasha ifulethi eTallinn kubiza ama-euro angama-300 - 500, emadolobheni amancane ungaqasha indlu ngama-euro ayikhulu ngenyanga. Izindleko zokusetshenziswa efulethini elincane ngokwesilinganiso sama-euro angama-150.
15. Kusukela ngomhlaka 1 Julayi 2018, izithuthi zomphakathi e-Estonia sezisikhokhelwe. Yiqiniso, ngokubhuka. Ukuhamba mahhala, kusamele ukhokhe ama-euro ama-2 ngenyanga - lokhu kubiza malini ikhadi elisebenza njengetikiti lokuhamba. Ama-Estonia angasebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi mahhala kuphela esifundeni ahlala kuso. Ezifundeni ezine kwezingu-15, kwakukhokhelwa uhambo.
16. Umshayeli e-Estonia kuzodingeka akhokhe ubuncane bama-euro angama-200 ngokusebenzisa ilambu elibomvu. Ukuziba umuntu ohamba ngezinyawo lapho unqamula kubiza inani elifanayo. Ukuba khona kotshwala egazini - 400 - 1,200 euros (kuya ngomthamo) noma ukuncishwa amalungelo izinyanga ezi-3 - 12. Izinhlawulo ezisheshayo ziqala kuma-euro angama-120. Kepha umshayeli udinga kuphela ukuba nelayisense kuye - wonke amanye amaphoyisa emininingwane, uma kunesidingo, azitholela imininingwane yolwazi nge-Intanethi.
17. “Ukuhamba ngesi-Estonia” akusho ukuthi “kuhamba kancane kakhulu” nakancane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kuyindlela esungulwe yizithandani zase-Estonia ukumboza ngokushesha ibanga lamakhosikazi aphethe umncintiswano owenziwa minyaka yonke edolobheni laseFinnish iSoniajärvi. Phakathi kuka-1998 no-2008, imibhangqwana yase-Estonia yaqhubeka yaba ngabaphumelele kule mincintiswano.
18. Ukuze uthole imfundo yesibili e-Estonia, udinga ukufunda iminyaka eyi-12. Ngasikhathi sinye, kusuka ebangeni eli-1 kuye kwelesi-9, izingane zesikole ezingaphumelelanga zishiywa kalula unyaka wesibili, emabangeni okugcina zixoshwa nje esikoleni. Amabanga abekwa "ngokuphambene" - eyodwa iphakeme kakhulu.
19. Isimo sezulu sase-Estonia sithathwa ngabantu bendawo njengesibi - simanzi kakhulu futhi sihlale sipholile. Kukhona i-anecdote ethandwayo yentshebe mayelana "kwakusehlobo, kodwa ngalolo suku ngangisemsebenzini." Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindawo zokungcebeleka zolwandle ezweni. Izwe lithandwa kakhulu - abokufika abayizigidi eziyi-1.5 bavakashela i-Estonia ngonyaka.
20. I-Estonia yizwe elithuthuke kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi. Isiqalo sabuyiselwa emuva ngesikhathi se-USSR - abase-Estonia babebambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni isoftware yaseSoviet. Kulezi zinsuku, cishe konke ukuxhumana phakathi kweziphathimandla zase-Estonia nezikahulumeni noma zikamasipala kwenzeka nge-Intanethi. Ungavota futhi nge-Intanethi. Amafemu ase-Estonia angabaholi bomhlaba ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokuphepha kwe-cyber. I-Estonia yindawo yokuzalwa ye- "Hotmail" ne- "Skype".
