UPyotr Pavlovich Ershov (1815 - 1869) wakhanyisa esibhakabhakeni sezincwadi zaseRussia njengesibhakabhaka esiqhakazile esivela enganekwaneni ethi "Ihhashi Elincane Elinamaqhuqhuva". Njengoba ayiqambe esemncane, umlobi wamukelwa ngokushesha kumbuthano wababhali baseSt. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo zokuphila azizange zivumele u-Ershov ukuthi aqhubeke nokuqonda amandla akhe okudala. U-Ershov waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye iSt. Petersburg, kwadingeka alilele ukulahlekelwa yizihlobo eziningi nezingane. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ezimweni ezinjalo uPyotr Pavlovich akazange alahlekelwe amandla akhe abalulekile futhi wakwazi ukwenza igalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imfundo yesikole eTobolsk nasesifundazweni. IHhashi Elincane Elinamaqhuqhuva lizohlala lingubuciko bobuciko bezincwadi zezingane zaseRussia.
1. UPyotr Ershov wazalelwa esigodini saseBezrukovo, esifundazweni saseTobolsk, emndenini wenduna yamaphoyisa. Wayeyisikhundla samaphoyisa esisezingeni eliphakeme - umphathi wamaphoyisa wayehola izinhlaka zezomthetho futhi eyilungu lenkantolo ezifundeni eziningi ezibumbene esifundeni samaphoyisa. ESiberia, kungaba amashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha-skwele wensimu. Ububi bomsebenzi kwakuwukuhamba njalo. Kodwa-ke, uPavel Ershov wenza umsebenzi omuhle, futhi ngenkathi amadodana akhe ethweswa iziqu ezikoleni zokuvocavoca umzimba, wathola ukudluliselwa eSt. Umama wombhali wesikhathi esizayo u-Efimia wayevela emndenini wabathengisi.
2. U-Ershov waqala ukuthola imfundo ejwayelekile lapho umndeni wakhe uhlala emzaneni omkhulu waseBerezovo. Lapho, uPeter waya esikoleni sesifunda iminyaka emibili.
3. Esikhungweni sokuvivinya umzimba, uPeter nomfowabo omdala uNikolai bafunda eTobolsk. Le ndawo yokuvivinya umzimba yayiwukuphela kwayo yonke iSiberia. Ngekhulu le-19, leli dolobha lase liqale ukulahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwalo, kepha lalisalokhu liyidolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eSiberia. Akumangazi ukuthi ngemuva kwempilo yasemakhaya, abafana bahehwa idolobha elikhulu.
4. E-Tobolsk, u-Ershov wayengumngane nomqambi wesikhathi esizayo u-Alexander Alyabyev. Waze wakhombisa ithemba elikhulu emculweni, futhi ngandlela thile wazimisela ukufakazela ukuthi u-Ershov akaqondi lutho kuwo. Babevame ukuya ekuzilolongeni kwe-orchestra yendawo, futhi u-Ershov waphawula ukuthi omunye wabadlali be-violin, ukuzwa amanga, wenza amahlaya ahlekisayo. Ngokuya ngalolu lwazi, uPeter wathembisa ukubheja - uzokuzwa inothi lokuqala elingamanga. Ukumangala kuka-Alyabyev, ukuthi u-Ershov uwine kalula ukubheja.
Alexander Alyabyev
5. U-Ershov waphumelela eSt. Petersburg University eneminyaka engama-20. Kuyiqiniso, waziphatha izifundo zakhe, ukusho okuncane, ngaphandle kokunakwa okufanele. Ngokwamukelwa ngumlobi wakhe, noma eseqedile eyunivesithi, wayengazi nolimi olulodwa lwangaphandle, okwakuyinto engakholeki kumuntu ofundile waleyo minyaka.
6. Indlela yombhali yodumo yayishesha kakhulu kunejubane lakhe ezifundweni. Kakade ngo-1833 (eneminyaka engu-18) waqala ukubhala i-Little Humpbacked Horse, futhi ngonyaka kamuva inganekwane, eyathola ukwamukelwa okufudumele kakhulu kubalobi nabagxeki, yakhishwa kumagazini ohlukile.
7. Ngesikhathi sokuphumelela kwegagasi lempumelelo, u-Ershov wehlelwa ukulahlekelwa okubili ngasikhathi sinye - ngezikhawu zezinyanga ezimbalwa, umfowabo nobaba wakhe bafa.
8. IHhashi Elincane Elinamaqhuqhuva ladlula emahlelweni ayi-7 ngesikhathi sokuphila komlobi. Manje owesine kubhekwa main, okuyinto Ershov wenziwa ukucutshungulwa sina.
9. Impumelelo yenganekwane ka-Ershov ibukeka ibaluleke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesizinda sokuthi wayengeyena umqambi wohlobo lwenganekwane evesini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kwakusekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 lapho izinganekwane zabhalwa ngu-A.S.Pushkin, V.I.Dal, A.V. Koltsov nabanye ababhali. UPushkin, ngemuva kokulalela ingxenye yokuqala yenganekwane ethi "The Little Humpbacked Horse", ehlekisa wathi manje akasenalutho kulolu hlobo.
10. U-Ershov wethulwa kuPushkin nguPyotr Pletnev, uprofesa waseyunivesithi. KwakunguPletnev ukuthi uPushkin wanikezela "u-Eugene Onegin". Uprofesa uhlele ukuqala kweThe Little Humpbacked Horse ngendlela ethakazelisa kakhulu. Uvele waqala ukuyifunda esikhundleni senkulumo yakhe elandelayo. Lapho abafundi beqala ukuzibuza ukuthi ngubani umbhali. UPletnev wakhomba u-Ershov owayehleli ehholo elifanayo.
UPeter Pletnev
11. Ngemuva kokushona kukayise, uPeter wasala ngaphandle kokuxhaswa futhi akakwazanga ukuthola isikhundla sikahulumeni eSt. Petersburg, njengoba wayelindele. Umbhali wanquma ukubuyela eSiberia yangakubo njengothisha esikoleni sokuvivinya umzimba.
12. I-Ershov yayinezinhlelo ezafinyelela kude kakhulu zokuhlolwa kweSiberia. Wayengabangani futhi ebhalelana nabaningi abadumile baseSiberia, kepha wayengakwazi ukufeza iphupho lakhe.
13. Umsebenzi womlobi emkhakheni wezemfundo yomphakathi awungeke ubizwe ngokushesha. Yebo, waqokwa waba uthisha wesiLatin, u-Ershov ayezonda kusukela ezinsukwini zokuzivocavoca. Wanyukela esikhundleni sokuba ngumhloli wokuzivocavoca ngemuva kweminyaka engu-8 esebenza njengothisha, futhi waba ngumqondisi ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-13. Kodwa ngemuva kokuba ngumqondisi, uPyotr Pavlovich wethula umsebenzi onamandla kakhulu. Wahamba sonke isifundazwe saseTobolsk futhi wasungula izikole eziningana ezintsha, kufaka phakathi eziyisithupha zabesifazane. Ngaphansi kwepeni lakhe kwaphuma imisebenzi emibili yokuqala yokufundisa.
14. Kwisheke elilandelayo ngo-1857, u-Ershov wanezelwa ohlwini lwabantu abafanele ukwethenjwa nguhulumeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, egameni elisemthethweni, wayebizwa ngokuthi "uhlakaniphile, unomusa futhi uthembekile".
15. U-Ershov wasungula inkundla yemidlalo eTobolsk wayibhalela imidlalo yeshashalazi eminingana.
16. ITobolsk ngesikhathi sika-Ershov kwakuyindawo eyayithandwa ekudingisweni. Umbhali wayengabangani futhi exoxwa nabakwaDecembrists, kufaka phakathi u-A.Baryatinsky, u-A.A. Annenkov kanye nabakwaFonvizins. Wayejwayelene nabasePoland ababedingisiwe ngokubamba iqhaza ekuvukeleni kuka-1830.
Impilo yomuntu siqu yombhali yayinzima kakhulu. Ulahlekelwe nguyise eneminyaka engu-19, umama wakhe eneminyaka engu-23. U-Ershov wayeshade kabili. Isikhathi sokuqala sasisesomfelokazi owayesevele enezingane ezine. Unkosikazi waphila iminyaka emihlanu kuphela emshadweni, kanti uPyotr Pavlovich wasala yedwa nezingane. Kungakapheli neminyaka emibili, u-Ershov waphinde washada, kodwa wayehlose ukuhlala iminyaka eyisithupha kuphela nonkosikazi wakhe wesibili. Ezinganeni eziyi-15 ezivela emishadweni emibili, ezine zasinda, kwathi ngo-1856 u-Ershov kwadingeka angcwabe indodana yakhe nendodakazi yakhe ngesonto.
18. Impilo ka-Ershov yayihlobene kakhulu nomndeni wososayensi omkhulu uDmitry Mendeleev. Ubaba wekhemisi wayengumeluleki ka-Ershov esikoleni sokuzivocavoca. Khona-ke izindima zashintsha - u-Ershov wafundisa uDmitry osemncane esikoleni sokuzivocavoca, owathi, ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni sokuzivocavoca, washada nendodakazi yokutholwa yombhali.
19. E-Tobolsk, u-Ershov uqhubeke nokuzibandakanya ekudalweni kwemibhalo, kepha wehluleka ukudala noma yini, noma cishe ngokwezinga leHhashi Elincane Elinokubuya. Washicilela izinto eziningi ngaphansi kwamabizo angathobekile afana ne- "Resident of Tobolsk".
19. Umuzi odabuka ePeter Ershov waqanjwa kabusha ukuze amhloniphe. Isikhungo sokufundisa e-Ishim kanye nomgwaqo eTobolsk nawo aqanjwa ngegama lomlobi. Isikhungo Sezamasiko esiqanjwe ngomlobi siyasebenza. P. Ershov unezikhumbuzo ezimbili kanye nokuqhuma. U-Ershov wangcwatshwa emathuneni kaZavalinsky eTobolsk.
Ithuna lika P. Ershov
