Emlandweni wayo weminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane, uYaroslavl udlule kokuningi. Elinye lamadolobha amadala kakhulu aseRussia ngesikhathi seNkathi Yezinkinga labamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekulondolozweni kwezwe laseRussia. Ngemuva kokuthi abaphezulu bedolobha ngokukhohlisa benikele ngedolobha kwabasePoland, abantu baseYaroslavl baqoqa amasosha baxosha abahlaseli ngaphandle kwedolobha. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kwakuseYaroslavl lapho amasosha eMpi Yokuqala neyesibili ahlangana khona, ekugcineni anqoba bobabili abahlaseli kanye nabazingeli babo abasekhaya.
Uchungechunge lwamaqiniso avela emlandweni we-Yaroslavl olunikezwe ngezansi lungasebenza njengomfanekiso omuhle wokuqagela wendlela yentuthuko yaseRussia ngaphandle kokuhlaselwa kwangaphandle okuhlomile kanye nezinhlekelele zomphakathi. Idolobha, elisendaweni ekude nemingcele engaphandle, likhombise ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ngisho nasezimweni zemvelo yaseRussia, ebingeyona into yokuphana kakhulu kumuntu, kanye nokushoda kwabasebenzi nenhlokodolobha. Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, abantu baseYaroslavl, ngokwesisho esidala, babeka isigaxa ngasinye emgqeni. Umuntu othile wawisa ibhotela, elabe selidayiselwa iYurophu ("iVologda" iyindlela yokwenza umkhiqizo, hhayi indawo. Amakhulu amathani ebhotela lokuthekelisa akhiqizwa esifundazweni saseYaroslavl). Othile wayenza isikhumba nezindwangu - zonke lezi zincazelo ezingapheli zezingubo nezicathulo ezivela ezigabeni zakudala zaseRussia hhayi ngenxa yokulutha kwazo izingubo, kodwa ngenxa yesimo sezindwangu - amanani azo ahluka kakhulu. Futhi othile uyeke umsebenzi wabalimi waya ezihlokweni ezinkulu ukuhweba ngamathoyilethi. Umnikazi womhlaba wabe esefuna ukuthi le serf ibuye - isitolo sokuvuna! Futhi wathola iphepha elivela eSt. Bathi lokho nokunye ngeke kukhululwe, ngoba ngaphandle kwakhe ukukhiqizwa kwemabula yokufakelwa, edingeka kakhulu enhlokodolobha kanye nasemadolobheni azungezile, kuzoma (icala langempela, igama lenkosi kwakungu-I.M. Volin, futhi ukungenelela kombusi kwakudingeka ukulungisa ipasipoti yakhe).
Kancane kancane idolobha laseYaroslavl elisuka esifundazweni laba lesifundazwe. Futhi lapho kwahanjiswa umgwaqo weposi kanye nojantshi. Uyabona, kokubili ugesi namanzi ahambayo. Ama-tram ayesebenza, inyuvesi yavula ... Uma kungenjalo ngamasosha avamile, izibhedlela nokunye "konke okuphambili", i-Yaroslavl kungenzeka ukuthi yaba idolobha elihle elinabantu abayizigidi.
1. Ukuze athole uYaroslavl, ngokwenganekwane, uJaroslav the Wise, kwadingeka anqobe ibhere. Inkosana yafuna ukuthi abaseMeriya, ababehlala esigodini saseMedvezhy Ugol, bayeke ukuphanga izindwendwe zamaVolga babhabhadiswe. Ephendula, amaMeriya abeka isilwane esinzima ngokumelene nesikhulu. UYaroslav wagenca wabulala ibhere ngembazo yempi, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho kwanyamalala imibuzo mayelana nokuphanga nokubhapathizwa. Endaweni yempi nebhere, isikhulu sayala ukwakha ithempeli nomuzi. Usuku olwamukelwa kabanzi lwesisekelo seYaroslavl ngu-1010, yize kukhulunywa okokuqala ngalo muzi ezihlokweni ezisukela ku-1071.
2. U-Austrian Herberstein, owavakashela iRussia kabili ngekhulu le-16, waphawula kumanothi akhe ukuthi i-Yaroslavl Territory inesikhundla esiphambili eMuscovy ngokwenotho yomhlaba nensada.
3. I-Yaroslavl Spassky Monastery maphakathi nekhulu le-16 kwaba umnikazi womhlaba ocebile kakhulu endaweni. Ubenamadolobhana ayisithupha, amadolobhana angama-239, ezokudoba, izindawo zokuphekela usawoti, izigayo, izindawo ezingamathafa nezindawo zokuzingela.
4. Umfutho onamandla kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni i-Yaroslavl wanikezwa ngesijobelelo seKazan ne-Astrakhan. Idolobha lizithole seliphambana nemigwaqo yemifula neyomhlaba yokuhweba, okuvuselele ukuthuthukiswa kwezohwebo nemisebenzi yezandla yasendaweni.
5. Ngo-1612 iYaroslavl yayiyinhloko-dolobha yaseRussia izinyanga ezimbalwa. Umbutho Wezempi Wesibili omelene nabasePoland wahlangana edolobheni, futhi kwasungulwa “uMkhandlu Wawo Wonke Amazwe”. Imashi yamasosha, ehlanganiswe nguK. Minin noD. Pozharsky, eya eMoscow yaphela ngempumelelo. Isiphelile iminyaka yesiyaluyalu esacekela phansi iRussia.
6. Ngo-1672, kwabalwa izindlu ezingama-2825 eYaroslavl. Okuningi kwakuseMoscow kuphela. Kwakunobungcweti bemisebenzi yezandla engama-98, nobungcweti bemisebenzi yezandla engu-150. Ikakhulukazi, kwakwenziwa minyaka yonke izikhumba eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi, kanti izinqaba zaseYaroslavl zathunyelwa emazweni aseYurophu.
7. Isonto lokuqala lamatshe edolobheni kwakuyiSonto likaSt. Nicholas Nadein. Lakhiwa ngo-1620-1621 osebeni lweVolga. Ikhulu le-17 laliphawuleka ngokuchuma kokwakhiwa kwethempeli laseYaroslavl. ISonto LaseSt.John Chrysostom lakhiwa eKorovnitskaya Sloboda, iTolgsky Monastery, iSonto likaSt. John the Baptist nezinye izikhumbuzo zokwakha.
8. Ngo-1693, umzila wokuqala weposi eRussia iMoscow - i-Arkhangelsk yadlula eYaroslavl. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, kwavulwa uhlelo lwemisele, olwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuxhuma iYaroslavl neBaltic Sea kanye neSt. Petersburg esanda kusungulwa.
9. Idolobha selikhungethwe kaningi yimililo eyinhlekelele. Umlilo omubi kunayo yonke wenzeka ngo-1658, lapho iningi ledolobha lasha khona - izindlu ezibalelwa ku-1 500 namasonto amathathu kuphela. Imililo ka-1711 nango-1768 ibibuthakathaka, kepha izinkulungwane zezindlu zalahleka kuyo, futhi ukulahleka kwalinganiselwa kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-ruble.
10. UCatherine II ngemuva kokuvakashela iYaroslavl wayibiza ngokuthi "idolobha lesithathu eRussia".
11. Kakade ngekhulu le-XVIII eYaroslavl, izindwangu, iphepha nengilazi kwakhiqizwa ngezinga lezimboni. Inani lamanye amabhizinisi lalingamakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-ruble ngonyaka. Ikakhulu, i-Yaroslavl Paper Manufactory ikhiqize izimpahla ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-426.
12. Umzamo wokuqala obhalwe phansi wabahlali baseYaroslavl wokulwela amalungelo abo ugcine ungaphumelelanga - abasebenzi abangama-35 baseSavva Yakovlev manufactory, abacele ukudedelwa efemini noma okungenani ukwehlisa amanani esitolo sefektri, bajeziswa ngemivimbo. Kuyiqiniso, amanani entengo esitolo ancishisiwe (1772).
13. I-Yaroslavl yaba idolobha lesifundazwe ngo-1777, kanye nesikhungo se-Yaroslavl ne-Rostov dioceses - ngo-1786.
14. Ngo-1792 umnikazi womhlaba waseYaroslavl u-A.I.Musin-Pushkin wathenga iqoqo lezincwadi ezindala nemibhalo yesandla kulowo owayengumphathi omkhulu wesigodlo saseSpassky, umphathi wesikhungo sokufundela ubuSlavic kanye nomhloli wendlu yokuphrinta yaseYaroslavl I. Bykovsky. Iqoqo lifaka uhlu lokuqala nolukuphela kwe- "Amagama Mayelana Nomphathi ka-Igor." Uhlu lwasha ngo-1812, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi amakhophi ayesusiwe. Manje eYaroslavl kukhona imnyuziyamu "Amagama Mayelana Nomphathi ka-Igor".
15. IYaroslavl iyindawo okwazalelwa kuyo umagazini wokuqala eRussia owashicilelwa ngaphandle kwenhloko-dolobha. Lo magazini wawubizwa nge- “Solitary Poshekhonets” futhi wakhishwa ngo-1786 - 1787. Ishicilele incazelo yokuqala yesimo sesifundazwe saseYaroslavl.
16. Itiyetha lokuqala lobuchwepheshe laseRussia lahlelwa eYaroslavl ngemizamo kaFyodor Volkov. Ukuqala ukusebenza kwale nkundla kwenzeka ngoJulayi 10, 1750 emgodini wokushuka womthengisi uPolushkin. Izethameli zibone umdlalo kaRacine u-Esther. Impumelelo yayimangalisa. Ama-echoes ayo afinyelela eSt. Petersburg, kwathi ngemuva konyaka nengxenye uVolkov nozakwabo bakhe umgogodla weqembu leTheatre YaseRussia.
17. Impi yango-1812 ayizange ifinyelele eYaroslavl, kodwa kwafakwa isibhedlela esikhulu samaphoyisa edolobheni. Kusuka eziboshweni zempi yezizwe ezahlukahlukene, ezibekwe ekamu elikhethekile, kwakhiwa amabutho aseRussia-amaJalimane, lapho uKarl Clausewitz odumile akhonza njengokoloneli wesikhulu.
18. Ngo-1804, ngenxa yezimboni uPavel Demidov, kwavulwa iSikole EsiPhakeme eYaroslavl, okwakungaphansi nje kancane kwesimo samayunivesithi angaleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, babengekho abantu abazimisele ngokufunda edolobheni, ngakho abafundi abahlanu bokuqala balethwa bevela eMoscow.
19. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, sasingekho isitolo esisodwa sezincwadi eYaroslavl. Futhi ngenkathi uhulumeni ethatha isinqumo sokushicilela iphephandaba lesifunda i-Severnaya Beelea, kwakungekho noyedwa umuntu owayebhalise ngasese. Isimo sezitolo ezidayisa izincwadi saqala ukuthuthuka maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka - kwakukhona ezintathu zazo, futhi umthengisi uShchepennikov waqasha izincwadi endlini yakhe yezincwadi.
20. Uhlobo lwezinkomo zaseYaroslavl lwakhiwa maphakathi nekhulu le-19 futhi ngokushesha lwathandwa kulo lonke elaseRussia. Kakade eminyakeni engama-20 ngemuva kokubhaliswa kohlobo esifundazweni saseYaroslavl kwakukhona izinkomo ezinjalo ezingama-300,000, izigayo zikawoyela ezingama-400 nama-dairies angama-800.
21. Ngo-1870, kwafika ujantshi eYaroslavl - kwavulwa ukuxhumana neMoscow.
22. Uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamanzi eYaroslavl lwavela ngo-1883. Amanzi avela ethangini anomthamo wamamitha ayi-200 cubic ahlinzekwa ezindlini ezisenkabeni yedolobha kuphela. Bonke abanye abantu basedolobheni babekwazi ukukha amanzi emadokodweni ayisihlanu akhethekile, ayetholakala ezigcawini zedolobha. Ukuqoqa amanzi, bekufanele uthenge ithokheni ekhethekile. Kepha uhlelo lokuhambisa amanzi oluncane noma oluncane selufakiwe kuma-1920s.
NgoDisemba 17, 1900 kwaqalwa ukusetshenziswa kwetram. Ukufakwa kwamathrekhi nokudilivwa kwesitoko samaJalimane senziwa yinkampani yaseBelgium. Ugesi wakhiqizwa yisikhungo sokuqala sokuphehla ugesi kuleli dolobha, esivulwe ngosuku olufanayo.
24. Usuku lokuzalwa oluhlelekile lweYaroslavl University nguNovemba 7, 1918, yize isimemezelo ngokusungulwa kwaso sasayinwa nguV. Lenin ngoJanuwari 1919.
25. Ingxenye yesithathu yedolobha yachithwa ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokucindezelwa kombhikisho wabamhlophe ngo-1918. Izakhamizi ezingama-30,000 zisale dengwane, kanti inani labantu lehla lisuka ku-130,000 laya ku-76,000.
26. Ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, uYaroslavl wakhiqiza izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zawo wonke amathayi eSoviet Union.
27. NgoNovemba 7, 1949, amabhasi amathathu okugcina amatroli ahamba emigwaqweni yaseYaroslavl. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amabhasi amathathu okugcina ama-trolley aseSoviet ahlanganiswa edolobheni kusukela ngo-1936, kodwa athunyelwa eMoscow naseLeningrad. E-Yaroslavl, kwakusetshenziswa amabhasi ama-trolleybus wokukhiqiza we-Tashkent - ulayini womhlangano wahanjiswa lapho ngo-1941. Futhi e-Yaroslavl, kwahlanganiswa ngisho amabhayisikili ama-double-decker trolley.
28. Isenzo sefilimu efakiwe "Afonya" ingxenye enkulu yenzeka emigwaqweni yaseYaroslavl. Idolobha linetshe lesikhumbuzo kumaqhawe alo mdlalo wamahlaya.
29. E-Yaroslavl, ezinye zezehlakalo zenoveli edumile kaVeniamin Kaverin "Amakapteni Amabili" ziyathuthuka. Ensimini yomtapo wolwazi wezingane nentsha kunomnyuziyamu onikezelwe umsebenzi wombhali kanye nezibonelo zamaqhawe enoveli.
30. Manje inani labantu baseYaroslavl lingabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-609. Ngokwesibalo sabantu, i-Yaroslavl ifaka ama-25 eRussian Federation. Inani eliphakeme - 638,000 - isibalo senani lezakhamizi safinyelela ngo-1991.
