I-meteorite yaseTunguska ibhekwa ngokufanele njengemfihlakalo yesayensi enkulu yekhulu lama-20. Inani lezinketho mayelana nobunjalo balo lidlule ikhulu, kepha alikho elibonwe njengelilungile futhi elokugcina kuphela. Naphezu kwenani elikhulu lofakazi bokuzibonela nohambo oluningi, indawo yokuwa ayitholakalanga, kanye nobufakazi obuphathekayo besimo, zonke izinhlobo ezibekwayo zibhekiswe kumaqiniso nemiphumela engaqondile.
Ukuwa kanjani kwe-Tunguska meteorite
Ekupheleni kukaJuni 1908, izakhamizi zaseYurophu naseRussia zabona izehlakalo zomkhathi ezihlukile: kusuka kuma-halos anelanga kuya kobusuku obumhlophe ngokungajwayelekile. Ekuseni komhla ka-30, umzimba okhanyayo, mhlawumbe oyindilinga noma oyindilinga, wakhukhula umugqa ophakathi weSiberia ngejubane elikhulu. Ngokusho kwezingqapheli, wawumhlophe, uphuzi noma ubomvu, uhambisana nokuduma nemisindo yokuqhuma lapho unyakaza, futhi awuzange ushiye imikhondo emkhathini.
Ngo-7: 14 isikhathi sendawo, umzimba wokucabanga we-Tunguska meteorite waqhuma. Igagasi elinamandla lokuqhuma lawisa izihlahla ehlathini endaweni engafinyelela kumahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-2.2. Imisindo yokuqhuma yaqoshwa ngamakhilomitha angama-800 ukusuka enkabeni yenhlekelele, imiphumela yokuzamazama komhlaba (ukuzamazama komhlaba okunesilinganiso samayunithi ayi-5) kwaqoshwa kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Eurasia.
Ngosuku olufanayo, ososayensi babonisa ukuqala kwesiphepho samagnetic samahora ama-5. Izimo zasemkhathini, ezifana nezangaphambili, zabonwa ngokusobala izinsuku ezimbili futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zenzeka kungakapheli inyanga eyodwa.
Ukuqoqa imininingwane mayelana nale nto, kuhlolwa amaqiniso
Ukushicilelwa mayelana nomcimbi kwavela ngosuku olufanayo, kepha ucwaningo olunzulu lwaqala ngawo-1920. Ngesikhathi sohambo lokuqala, kwase kudlule iminyaka eyi-12 kusukela ngonyaka wokuwa, okwakuthinta kabi ukuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa kolwazi. Lolu hambo kanye nempi yangaphambi kwempi yangaphambi kwempi ye-Soviet yehlulekile ukuthola lapho into iwele khona, yize kwenziwa ucwaningo lwasemoyeni ngo-1938. Imininingwane etholakele iholele esiphethweni:
- Kwakungekho zithombe zokuwa noma ukunyakaza komzimba.
- Ukuqhuma kwenzeke emoyeni endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha ama-5 kuya kwayi-15, isilinganiso sokuqala samandla ngama-megatoni angama-40-50 (abanye ososayensi balinganisela ku-10-15).
- Ukuqhuma bekungakhonjwa ndawo; ibhokisi lokuthwala crankcase alitholakalanga endaweni okusolwa ukuthi ibiyimbangela yayo.
- Indawo okuhloswe ukuthi ifike kuyo iyindawo enexhaphozi emfuleni iPodkamennaya Tunguska.
Ukucabanga okuphezulu nezinguqulo
- Umsuka weMeteorite. I-hypothesis esekelwa ososayensi abaningi ngokuwa komzimba omkhulu wasezulwini noma uquqaba lwezinto ezincane noma ukudlula kwabo ku-tangent. Ukuqinisekiswa kwangempela kwe-hypothesis: akukho crater noma izinhlayiya ezitholakele.
- Ukuwa kwe-comet enomgogodla weqhwa noma uthuli lwe-cosmic ngesakhiwo esivulekile. Le nguqulo ichaza ukungabi khona kweminonjana ye-Tunguska meteorite, kodwa iphikisana nokuphakama okuphansi kokuqhuma.
- Umsuka we-cosmic noma owenziwe wento. Iphuzu elibuthakathaka lale mbono ukungabi khona kwemikhondo yemisebe, ngaphandle kwezihlahla ezikhula ngokushesha.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-antimatter. Umzimba weTunguska uyisiqeshana se-antimatter esiphenduke imisebe emkhathini womhlaba. Njengasendabeni ye-comet, inguqulo ayichazi ukuphakama okuphansi kwento ebonwayo; iminonjana yokubhujiswa nayo ayikho.
- Isilingo esihlulekile sikaNikola Tesla ekudlulisweni kwamandla kude. Umbono omusha omusha, osuselwe kumanothi nezitatimende zososayensi, awukaqinisekiswa.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Ukuphikisana okuyinhloko kubangelwa ukuhlaziywa kwendawo yehlathi eliwile, lalinokuma kovemvane uphawu lokuwa kwe-meteorite, kepha ukuqondiswa kwezihlahla ezinamanga akunakuchazwa yi-hypothesis yesayensi. Eminyakeni yokuqala, i-taiga yayifile, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izitshalo zabonisa ukukhula okuphezulu ngokungajwayelekile, isici sezifunda ezivezwa yimisebe: IHiroshima neChernobyl. Kepha ukuhlaziywa kwamaminerali aqoqiwe akutholanga bufakazi bokuthi umlilo wenuzi ushisiwe.
Ngo-2006, endaweni yasePodkamennaya Tunguska, kwatholakala izinto zakudala ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene - amatshe ayigobolondo e-quartz enziwe ngamacwecwe asikiwe ane-alfabhethi elingaziwa, okungenzeka ukuthi lifakwe yi-plasma futhi liqukethe izinhlayiya ngaphakathi ezingaba zemvelo kuphela.
Kunconywa kakhulu ukubona imigqa yehlane laseNazca.
I-meteorite yaseTunguska bekungaxoxiswana ngayo njalo njalo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1960, kwaqalwa umbono wamahlaya webhayoloji - ukuqhuma okushisayo kwefu lezinsensane zaseSiberia elinomthamo wama-5 km3... Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, kwavela umbono wokuqala wabazalwane baseStrugatsky - "Awudingi ukusesha lapho, kodwa nini" ngomkhumbi ongaziwa ohamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezinhle, kwakuthethelelwa kangcono kunalokho okwabekwa ngabaphenyi bezesayensi, okuwukuphela kokuphikisana nokuphikisana nesayensi.
Okuyindida enkulu ukuthi yize kunenqwaba yezinketho (zesayensi ngenhla kwe-100) nocwaningo lwamazwe omhlaba, imfihlo ayidalulwanga. Onke amaqiniso athembekile ngemeteorite yaseTunguska afaka kuphela usuku lomcimbi nemiphumela yawo.
