Amatshe amhlophe iRostov Kremlin ajwayelekile kubantu abaningi bezwe lethu. Kulapha lapho kwaqoshwa khona izigcawu ezivela kwifilimu ethandwayo ethi "Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession". Yize izigcawu ezineMoscow yakudala zifaka iMoscow Kremlin, lesi sigameko senziwa emakamelweni afanayo nasezigabeni ezihlanganisiwe zeKremlin edolobheni laseRostov. Leli dolobha lisendaweni yaseYaroslavl, phambilini ebibizwa ngeRostov the Great.
Umlando wokwakhiwa kweRostov Kremlin
Kusenempikiswano mayelana nokuthi ngabe isakhiwo esiseRostov sinalo yini ilungelo lokubizwa ngegama elisemthethweni "iKremlin". Izakhiwo ezinjalo zasendulo, ngokwencazelo yazo, zenza umsebenzi wokuzivikela. Ukwakhiwa kwabo kwakudingeka kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokuqinisa ukuphakama nokuqina kwezindonga, lapho kukhona izintuba nezindawo zokubuka. E-Rostov Kremlin, izinto eziningi azihlangabezani nezindinganiso ezidingekayo zokuzivikela, kepha kunalokho zidlala indima yokuhlobisa. Lesi simo sivele kwasekuqaleni kokwakhiwa.
Iqiniso ngukuthi lesi sakhiwo asikhulelwanga njengenqaba yokuzivikela, kodwa njengendawo yokuhlala kaMetropolitan Ion Sysoevich, oyinhloko kasihlalo wombhishobhi eRostov. UVladyka ngokwakhe ubengamele ukuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi kanye nenqubo yokwakha kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni.
Ngakho-ke ngonyaka we-1670-1683, kwakhiwa igceke leMetropolitan (uMbhishobhi), elingisa ingadi yase-Edeni esebhayibhelini ngemibhoshongo ezungeze ipherimitha nedamu phakathi. Yebo, kukhona namachibi - izakhiwo zakhiwa eduze kweLake Nero, egqumeni, futhi kwembiwa amachibi okufakelwa emagcekeni.
Igceke laliyindawo yokuhlala nokusetshenziswa kwegunya eliphezulu kakhulu kwezomoya isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka. Ngo-1787, ababhishobhi baphinde bathuthela eYaroslavl, futhi iqoqo lezakhiwo, lapho kwakukhona khona izinqolobane, kancane kancane lonakala. Abefundisi babezimisele ngisho nokuvumela ukuthi ichithwe, kepha abathengisi baseRostov abavumanga ukubhujiswa futhi bayibuyisela emuva ngo-1860-1880.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uNikolai Alexandrovich Romanov, umbusi wesikhathi esizayo waseRussia, wathatha iNkantolo yeMetropolitan ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwakhe futhi waqala ukuvula umnyuziyamu wombuso kuwo. IRostov Kremlin Museum-Reserve yavulelwa ukuvakashelwa ngo-1883. Namuhla kuyindawo yamagugu amasiko eRussia.
Isimo samanje seRostov Kremlin
Eminyakeni yamuva nje kwenziwa ngenkuthalo ukubuyiselwa kwezinto eziningi zeRostov Kremlin. Kokunye sekuqediwe, ngakho izivakashi ziyakwazi ukubona imidwebo ebuyisiwe, izindonga nezinto zangaphakathi. Kwezinye izakhiwo nezakhiwo, kusalungiswa ukulungiswa. Iqoqo lonke lokwakhiwa kwesigcinimagugu lisekelwa kwisabelomali sikahulumeni, ngaphandle kwe-Assumption Cathedral, ebiyimpahla yeSonto Lobu-Orthodox kusukela ngo-1991.
Ngemuva kwezindonga zamatshe ezinemibhoshongo eyishumi nanye kukhona: amakamelo asendulo, amasonto, isonto lombhishobhi, imibhoshongo yensimbi, izakhiwo ezingaphandle. Zihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu, ngalinye linamagceke alo. Indawo emaphakathi igceke likaMbhishobhi elizungezwe amasonto anezindawo zokuhlala nezingaphandle. Ingxenye eseNyakatho - iSonto LaseCathedral ne-Assumption Cathedral. Indawo eseNingizimu - iMetropolitan Garden enechibi.
Yini ongayibona eKremlin?
Uhambo oluzungeze iRostov Kremlin luyatholakala kuwo wonke umuntu. Ezinye izakhiwo zikhululekile ukungena, kepha imibukiso nezindawo eziningi zingavakashelwa kuphela ngemuva kokuthenga ithikithi lokungena. Uhambo olulandelayo ludingeka kakhulu phakathi kwezivakashi zedolobha:
- Umbono Cathedral... Isonto elinamagunya amahlanu lakhiwa ngo-1512 emathanjeni asendlini yomhume yaseLeontief, esinezinto ezingcwele zikaSt.Leonty, uMbhishobhi waseRostov noSuzdal. Kulesi sonto eliseceleni ngo-1314, kwabhapathizwa umntwana, owaba nguSergius waseRadonezh kamuva. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwethempeli akuzange kwenziwe ngokuphelele, ama-frescoes agcinwa kancane kuphela. Ithempeli liyasebenza, ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo liyafana ne-Assumption Cathedral eMoscow. Kungenwa mahhala, kumahhala ngeCathedral Square.
- IBelfry... Umbhoshongo wensimbi wakhiwa ngo-1687. Zonke izinsimbi eziyi-15 zigcinwe ekupheleleni kwazo koqobo. Insimbi enkulu kunazo zonke ku-belfry ngu "Sysoi", inesisindo esingamathani angama-32, "iPolyeleos" - amathani ayi-16. Zonke ezinye izinsimbi zisinda kancane; amagama abo angempela: "Imbuzi", "uRam", "Indlala", "iSwan". Ukunyuka kombhoshongo kuyakhokhwa, kepha izivakashi azivunyelwe ukushaya izinsimbi. Isitolo sesikhumbuzo sezinto zobumba ezimnyama eziphansi sisezansi kwesakhiwo. Ku-belfry uqobo iSonto Lokungena eJerusalema.
- Isonto Lovuko (Isango)... Yakhiwe cishe nge-1670 ngaphezulu kwamasango amabili, ohambweni nabahamba ngezinyawo, okuvula indlela eya enkantolo kaMbhishobhi. Lapho bedlula emasangweni, bathenga ithikithi lokuvakashela inkantolo yababhishobhi namasonto ayo.
- House ezinqolobaneni... Isakhiwo sangaphambilini sokuhlala, esitezi esiphansi lapho bekunamasela asendlini. Manje i- "House on Cellars" isiphenduke ihhotela elinegama elifanayo, lapho wonke umuntu ofuna ukuchitha ubusuku ehlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yeRostov Kremlin. Izinga lokunethezeka ehhotela alikho phezulu, kodwa izivakashi zinethuba lokuhamba nge-Kremlin engenalutho, futhi ekuseni - uvuke ukukhala kwezinsimbi.
- Ingadi yeMetropolitan... Incazelo yeRostov Kremlin ibingeke iphelele ngaphandle kokusho leli kona lokuphumula. Ungahamba engadini, uphumule emabhentshini. Insimu yinhle kakhulu entwasahlobo, lapho izihlahla zama-apula nezinye izihlahla ziqhakaza.
Okungenhla yizindawo zokuvakasha ezithandwa kakhulu endaweni yeRostov Kremlin. Ungakhohlwa ukuthatha isithombe sakho noma imishini yevidiyo uhambe nayo ukuze uthwebule imibono yeqoqo lasendulo lokwakha futhi uthathe izithombe zakho ngemuva kwezingaphakathi ezingalibaleki ezivela kwifilimu nguLeonid Gaidai.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe ngeKremlin
Amahora okuvula we-Museum: kusuka ku-10: 00 kuye ku-17: 00 unyaka wonke (ngaphandle kukaJanuwari 1). Ukuvakasha ngasodongeni nasezindleleni zeKremlin kubanjwa kuphela ngenkathi efudumele, kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba.
Ikheli le-Museum: Isifunda saseYaroslavl, idolobha laseRostov (qaphela, lesi akusona isifunda saseRostov). Ukusuka esiteshini samabhasi noma esiteshini sesitimela, indlela eya eKremlin ithatha imizuzu eyi-10-15 ngezinyawo. Imibhoshongo yayo kanye nezindlu ezibekiwe ziyabonakala kunoma yimaphi emaphethelweni eRostov, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi ulahleke endleleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yimuphi umuntu ohlala edolobheni angakutshela kalula ukuthi ukukhanga okuyinhloko kwedolobha kukuphi.
Emahhovisi amathikithi eMyuziyamu-Reserve, ungathenga kokubili ithikithi elihlukile lokuvakashela isakhiwo esisodwa noma ukuboniswa, kanye nethikithi elilodwa "Ukuwela ngasedongeni laseKremlin". Amanani wokuchazwa ngakunye aphansi, kusuka kuma-ruble angama-30 kuye kwangama-70.
Sincoma ukubheka iTobolsk Kremlin.
Ama-workshops wokukhala kwensimbi, ekwenzeni amakhadikhadi wemyuziyamu, ekupendeni nge-Rostov koqweqwe lwawo abiza kusuka kuma-ruble angu-150 kuya kwangu-200.
Ihhotela "House on Cellars" lavulwa, lapho izivakashi zihlala khona nganoma isiphi isikhathi, kusuka kubusuku obunye kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Amagumbi anezikhungo ezizimele enzelwe umuntu oyedwa noma abathathu. Ukudla kunikezwa endaweni yokudlela yaseSobranie, evuleleke kubo bonke abeza emagcekeni eRed Chamber. Indawo yokudlela iphaka ukudla kwaseRussia okudala, kufaka phakathi inhlanzi nezitsha zenyama. Kungenzeka uku-oda idili endaweni yokudlela yaseKremlin ngomshado noma isikhumbuzo.
