Isigodlo kanye neqoqo lamapaki lasePeterhof kubhekwa njengokuziqhenya kwezwe lethu, isikhumbuzo salo samasiko, semvelo nesomlando. Abantu abavela emhlabeni wonke beza bazobona le ndawo eyingqayizivele, okuyigugu lenhlangano yomhlaba ye-UNESCO.
Umlando wokwakhiwa nokwakhiwa kwesigodlo kanye ne-park ensemble kaPeterhof
Umqondo wokwakha isigodlo esiyingqayizivele kanye ne-park ensemble engenazo iziqu zomhlaba ungowombusi omkhulu uPeter Peter I. Lesi sakhiwo sasihlelelwe ukuthi sisetshenziswe njengendlu yezwe yomndeni wasebukhosini.
Ukwakhiwa kwalo kwaqala ngo-1712. Ekuqaleni, ukwakhiwa iqembu kwenziwa eStrelna. Ngeshwa, bekungeke kwenzeke ukuthola umbono wenkosi kule ndawo ngenxa yezinkinga zokutholakala kwamanzi emithonjeni. Injiniyela nonjiniyela we-hydraulic uBurkhard Minnich waqinisekisa uPeter I ukuthi ahambise ukwakhiwa kwale nxanxathela ayise ePeterhof, lapho izimo zemvelo zazilungele ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo unyaka wonke. Umsebenzi wahlehliswa futhi wenziwa ngesivinini.
Ukuvulwa okukhulu kwesigodlo sasePeterhof kanye neqoqo lamapaki kwenzeka ngo-1723. Noma kunjalo, kwakhiwa iGreat Peterhof Palace, izigodlo - uMarly, iMenagerie neMonoplaisir, imithombo ehlukene yenziwa, futhi, i-Lower Garden yabekwa yahlelwa.
Ukwakhiwa kukaPeterhof akuzange kuqedwe ngesikhathi sokuphila kukaPeter I, kepha kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ngemuva kuka-Okthoba Revolution, lesi sakhiwo saba umnyuziyamu. IGreat Patriotic War yaba yisikhathi esidabukisayo emlandweni wesigodlo kanye ne-park ensemble. Amasosha amaNazi ahlala eLeningrad namaphethelo, iningi lezakhiwo nemithombo yasePeterhof zacekeleka phansi. Bakwazile ukugcina ingxenye encane yazo yonke imibukiso yomnyuziyamu. Ngemuva kokunqoba amaNazi, ukwakhiwa kabusha nokubuyiselwa kwePeterhof kwaqala cishe ngokushesha. Iyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Kuze kube manje, cishe yonke inkimbinkimbi ibuyiselwe.
Isigodlo Esikhulu
IGrand Palace ithatha indawo emaphakathi ekwakhiweni kwesigodlo kanye neqoqo lepaki lasePeterhof. Ingesinye sezakhiwo ezindala kakhulu futhi ekuqaleni sasincane ngosayizi. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Elizabeth I, kwenzeka izinguquko ezinkulu ekubukekeni kwesigodlo. Kwengezwe izitezi eziningana kuso, kwavela nezakhi "zebhasikidi evuthiwe" ku-facade yalesi sakhiwo. Kunamahholo angaba ngu-30 eGrand Palace, ingaphakathi ngalinye lawo linemihlobiso eyingqayizivele evela kumdwebo, kumatshe amakhemikhali nangegolide.
Ipaki engezansi
ILower Park itholakala phambi kweGreat Peterhof Palace. Ingadi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ngumsele wasolwandle oxhumanisa iGrand Palace neGulf of Finland. Ukwakheka kweNgadi engezansi kwenziwa ngesitayela "saseFrance". Ipaki ngokwalo lingunxantathu omude; imigwaqo yalo nayo ingunxantathu noma i-trapezoidal.
Maphakathi neNsimu Engaphansi, ngqo phambi kweGrand Palace, kuneGras Cascade. Kufaka phakathi imithombo eyinkimbinkimbi, imifanekiso eqoshwe ngezinto zakudala nezitebhisi zempophoma. Indima enkulu ekwakhiweni idlalwa ngumthombo "kaSamson", indiza yayo engamamitha angama-21 ukuphakama. Isebenze kusukela ngo-1735, futhi ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, njengezingoma eziningi zesigodlo kanye ne-park ensemble yasePeterhof, yacekelwa phansi kabi, futhi isithombe sokuqala sikaSamson salahleka. Ngemuva komsebenzi wokubuyisela, kwafakwa umuntu oqoshiwe.
Ohlangothini olusentshonalanga neLower Park, isakhiwo esikhulu yiMarly Palace. Yisakhiwo esinezitezi ezimbili esinophahla oluphakeme. I-façade yesigodlo inhle kakhulu futhi ihlanjululwe ngenxa yokuthokozisa kompheme okwenziwe ngentambo enhle. Itholakala phakathi kwamachibi amabili esiqhingini sokuzenzela.
Izitaladi ezintathu zisuka eMarly Palace zinqamule ingadi yonke, ezibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekwakhiweni kweqembu lonke. Bude buduze nesigodlo kunembabazane enhle kakhulu "iGolden Mountain", enezitebhisi ezibunjiwe lapho amanzi egeleza khona, nemithombo emibili ephakeme.
Isigodlo saseMonoplaisir sisehlangothini olusempumalanga yeLower Park ngqo ogwini lweGulf of Finland. Yenziwe ngesitayela saseDashi. I-Monplaisir iyinhlangano enhle, ende yendaba eyodwa enamawindi amakhulu. Kunensimu ebabazekayo enemithombo eduze kwesigodlo. Manje lesi sakhiwo sesineqoqo elikhulu lemidwebo kusukela ngekhulu le-17-18, elitholakala kubavakashi.
IPeterhof Hermitage yakhiwa ngokulingana eSigodlweni saseMonoplaisir. Ngesikhathi sikaPeter Omkhulu, ubusuku bezinkondlo babubanjelwa lapha, kwahlelwa amadili namaholide. Njengamanje, lesi sakhiwo sinemnyuziyamu.
Ezinye izinto ezikhangayo ze-Lower Garden:
- Imithombo "uAdam" kanye "noEva"... Zitholakala emaphethelweni ahlukene eMarly Alley. Bayamangalisa ngoba balondoloze ukubukeka kwabo okungashintshi kusukela esikhathini soMbusi uPeter I.
- Umthombo "Iphiramidi"... Ingesinye sezakhiwo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu nezasekuqaleni ePeterhof. Engxenyeni yayo emaphakathi, indiza enamandla, ishaya phezulu iye ekuphakameni okukhulu, ngezansi nje komugqa wamajethi kwakha amazinga ayisikhombisa alandelanayo.
- I-Cascade "Chess Mountain"... Phezulu kune-grotto nezifanekiso ezintathu zikadrako ezinamanzi ageleza ephuma emilonyeni yazo. Ihamba ngezinqe ezine ezimise okwebhodi lokuhlola futhi igelezela echibini elincane eliyindilinga.
- Ama-Aviaries aseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga... Angamadokodo amodelwa kuma-gazebos aseVersailles. Ngamunye wabo unedome futhi muhle kakhulu. Ehlobo, izinyoni ziyacula lapha, futhi kubekwa ichibi eduze kwendawo ebiyelwe esempumalanga.
- "Ingonyama" ivele... Kutholakala engxenyeni ekude yomhubhe oholela eHermitage. Lo mculo wenziwe ngesimo sethempeli laseGrisi lasendulo elinamakholomu aphakeme. Maphakathi nendawo kukhona umfanekiso oqoshwe i-nymph Aganippa, kanti ezinhlangothini kukhona izibalo zamabhubesi.
- Imithombo yamaRoma... Zakhiwe ngokulingana ngakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla se-"Chess Mountain". Amanzi abo akhuphuka aze afike kumamitha ayi-10.
Ipaki ephezulu
I-Upper Park iyingxenye ebalulekile yesigodlo kanye neqoqo lepaki lasePeterhof futhi itholakala ngemuva kweGreat Peterhof Palace. Kwehlulwa ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMbusi uPeter I futhi kwasebenza njengensimu yakhe. Ukubukeka kwamanje kwepaki kwakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho imithombo yokuqala yaqala ukusebenza lapha.
Umthombo waseNeptune uyisixhumanisi esimaphakathi ekwakhiweni kweNgadi Ephezulu. Ukuqanjwa okunesithombe sikaNeptune phakathi. Emaceleni ayo, esisekelweni esincane segranite, kunezinombolo ezengeziwe ezingama-30. Amanzi agelezela echibini elikhulu elingunxande.
Izivakashi zizobona umthombo waseMezheumny eduze nomnyango omkhulu we-Upper Park. Ukwakheka kutholakala maphakathi nedamu eliyindilinga. Siqukethe isithombe sikadrako onamaphiko ozungezwe ngamahlengethwa amane aqhumayo.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke esigodlweni sasebusika.
Umthombo omdala kunayo yonke eNsimini Ephezulu uthathwa njenge-Oak. Phambilini, i-oki eliholayo bekungumuntu ophakathi kokuqanjwa. Manje umthombo usushintshe ngokuphelele, futhi maphakathi nedamu eliyindilinga kunesifanekiso sikaCupid.
Enye indawo ephawulekayo epaki elingenhla yimithombo yamachibi wesikwele. Amachibi abo, njengoba aklanywa ngabakhi bezakhiwo, asetshenzisiwe kusukela ngesikhathi sikaPeter Omkhulu njengezindawo zokugcina amanzi eLower Park. Namuhla indawo esemqoka ekubunjweni ihlala ezithombeni "Intwasahlobo" kanye "nehlobo".
Imininingwane yezivakashi
Lapho uhlela uhambo oluya eSt. Petersburg, kungcono ukhethe isikhathi kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba. Kwakungalezi zinyanga lapho imithombo isebenza khona ePeterhof. Njalo ngonyaka, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi nasengxenyeni yesibili kaSepthemba, kwenziwa imikhosi emikhulu yemithombo yokuvula nokuvala imithombo ePeterhof. Kuhambisana nokusebenza okumibalabala, ukusebenza kwabaculi abadumile futhi kuphele ngombukiso omnandi weziqhumane.
Isigodlo sasePeterhof kanye neqoqo lamapaki lisendaweni engamakhilomitha angama-29 ukusuka eSt. Izivakashi zingathenga ukuvakasha kusengaphambili futhi zihambe njengengxenye yeqembu elihleliwe. Ungazivakashela uPeterhof futhi uthenge ithikithi ebhokisini lehhovisi eselivele likhona. Ngeke kube nzima, ngoba ungafika lapha ngesitimela, ngebhasi, ngamatekisi ngisho nangamanzi ku-meteor.
Intengo yethikithi lokungena eLower Park yasePeterhof yabantu abadala ingama-ruble angama-450, kwabokufika umnyango ubiza izikhathi eziphindwe kabili. Kukhona izaphulelo zabahlomuli. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 zamukelwa mahhala. Awudingi ukuthenga ithikithi ukuze ufike e-Upper Park. Amahora wokuvula esigodlweni kanye nepaki ahlanganayo nganoma yiluphi usuku lwesonto kusuka ku-9: 00 kuya ku-20: 00. Usebenza ihora elide ngoMgqibelo.
Isigodlo kanye neqoqo lepaki lasePeterhof ngenye yezindawo odinga ukuzibona ngamehlo akho. Asikho nesisodwa isithombe esizodlulisa ubuhle, umusa nobukhulu bale nto yomlando wezwe lethu.
