Ama-Pericles (c. BC) - Isikhulu sikahulumeni wase-Athene, omunye "wobaba abasungula" intando yeningi yase-Athene, i-orator edumile, usomaqhinga nomholi wezempi.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaPericles, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaPericles.
I-Biography kaPericles
UPericles wazalwa cishe ngo-494 BC. e-Athene. Wakhulela emndenini ohloniphekile. Uyise, uXanthippus, wayengumuntu ovelele kwezempi nakwezombusazwe owayehola iqembu le-Alkmeonid. Umama wosopolitiki wakusasa kwakungu-Agarista, owakhulisa ezinye izingane ezimbili ngaphandle kwakhe.
Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Childhood Pericles yawela ezikhathini ezinesiphithiphithi ezihambisana nokwanda kosongo lwasePheresiya kanye nokulwa kwamaqembu ezepolitiki. Isimo siphinde saqiniswa amaqembu athandwayo eThemistocles, ashushisa imindeni ezinikele kanye nemindeni ehloniphekile.
Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ekuqaleni umalume kaPericles waxoshwa edolobheni, futhi kamuva noyise. Yonke le micimbi yaba nomthelela omkhulu ekubukeni komlawuli wamanje.
Kukholakala ukuthi uPericles uthole imfundo ekha phezulu. Wayelinde ukubuya kukayise, owayevunyelwe ukubuyela ekhaya kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-480 BC. ngemuva kokuhlasela kwenkosi yasePheresiya uXerxes, ngenxa yalokho bonke abathunjwa babuyela ekhaya kusenesikhathi.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngemuva kokubuyela e-Athene yangakubo, uXanthippus wakhethwa ngokushesha ukuba ngusomaqhinga. Ngalesi sikhathi i-biography uPericles wakhombisa intshisekelo enkulu kwezepolitiki.
Kodwa-ke, bekungelula ukuthi le nsizwa ifinyelele ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu kule ndawo, ngenxa yobusha bayo, eyomndeni "oqalekisiwe" wama-Alcmeonids futhi ngaphandle ifana nokhokho wakhe uPeisistratus, owayekade edume ngonya. Konke lokhu akuzange kubajabulise abantu bakubo, ababezonda ubushiqela.
Umsebenzi
Ngemuva kokushona kukayise ngo-473/472 BC. iqembu le-Alcmeonid laliholwa abasebasha uPericles. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesekwazile ukufeza impumelelo ethile kwezempi. Yize naye ngokwakhe akhulela emndenini wezicukuthwane, lo mfana wayengumsekeli wentando yeningi.
Mayelana nalokhu, uPericles waba umphikisi we-Cimon. Kamuva, amaGrikhi axosha uCimon e-Athene, okwakusezandleni zakhe kuphela. Wayesebenzisana kahle nomlobi wezinguquko zase-Areopagus, ezazibizwa nge-Ephialtes, futhi wasekela ukudluliselwa kwamandla emhlanganweni odumile.
Njalo ngonyaka uPericles wazuza udumo olukhulu ngokwengeziwe phakathi kwabantu, eba ngomunye wabantu abadumile kwezombusazwe be-polis yasendulo. Wayengumsekeli wempi neSparta, ngenxa yalokho waba ngusomaqhinga.
Ngaphandle kokuthi abase-Athene bahlulwa kaningi empini yezempi engalingani, uPericles akazange alahlekelwe ukwesekwa yizakhamizi zakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayesekelwa ososayensi abahlukahlukene, ongqondongqondo, izimbongi nabanye abantu abanethonya.
Konke lokhu kwaba yisiqalo sokuqhakaza kwesiko lasendulo lamaGrikhi, elihlotshaniswa negama lomqophi odumile nomakhi uPhidias, owaba ngumbhali wezithombe eziningi eziboniswe eParthenon. UPericles ubuyise amathempeli, eyalela uPhidias ukuthi engamele ukwakhiwa kwawo.
E-Athene, amaGrikhi enza izinguquko eziningi ezibalulekile, ezazimela isigaba esibalulekile entando yeningi yamaphoyisa. Wazibiza ngomkhulumeli wezintshisekelo zazo zonke izakhamizi, ngokungafani nomphikisi wakhe omkhulu uThucydides, owalandela uCimon, owayethembele kuphela kwabasebukhosini.
Lapho esekutholile ukuxoshwa kukaThucydides, uPericles waba ngumuntu ophakathi wamaphoyisa. Waphakamisa amandla olwandle kuhulumeni, waguqula imigwaqo yedolobha, futhi wanikeza umyalo wokwakha iPropylaea, isithombe sika-Athena, ithempeli likankulunkulu uHephaestus kanye ne-Odeon, lapho kwakubanjelwa khona imincintiswano yokucula neyomculo.
Ngalesi sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, uPericles waqhubeka nenqubomgomo kaSolon, yingakho i-Athene yafinyelela esigabeni esiphezulu sentuthuko, yaba isikhungo esikhulu kwezomnotho, ezombusazwe kanye namasiko emhlabeni wamaHellenic. Le nkathi manje ibizwa nge- "Pericles Age".
Ngenxa yalokho, le ndoda yathola inhlonipho ngabantu bakubo, abathola amalungelo amaningi nenkululeko, futhi bathuthukisa nenhlalakahle yabo. Iminyaka eyishumi edlule isemandleni iveze ikakhulukazi ithalente lezandla ePericles.
Umbusi wenza izinkulumo ezinamandla ezazethulwa emkhakheni weMpi yasePeloponnesia. AmaGrikhi akwazi ukumelana ngempumelelo nabaseSpartan, kepha lapho kuqala ubhadane lwesimo, isimo sashintsha, sahlela kabusha wonke amacebo osomaqhinga.
Ngenxa yalokho, uPericles waqala ukulahlekelwa igunya lakhe emphakathini, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wasolwa ngenkohlakalo nokunye ukwephula okukhulu. Futhi, emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, igama lakhe lalihlotshaniswa nempumelelo engakaze ibonwe kanye nezinguquko.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi wokuqala kaPericles wayeyintombazane ezinikele egama linguTelsippa, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi imizwa yabo ngomunye nomunye yehlile. Kulesi umshado wazalelwa amadodana amabili - Paral futhi Xantippus. Kamuva, le ndoda yamhlukanisa futhi yaze yamtholela umyeni omusha.
U-Pericles wabe esehlala no-Aspassia, owayevela eMileto. Abathandi abakwazanga ukushada ngoba u-Aspassia wayengeyena umuntu wase-Athene. Ngokushesha baba nomfana ogama lakhe linguPericles, waqanjwa ngegama likayise.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uPericles omncane, umbusi uzuze, ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuba yisakhamuzi sase-Athene, okuphambene nomthetho, yena ngokwakhe owayengumbhali wawo.
UPericles wayeyindoda enamakhono aphezulu okuqonda, owayengakholelwa emabangeni futhi wazama ukuthola incazelo yakho konke ngokucabanga okunengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengumuntu ozinikele kakhulu, njengoba kufakazelwa ngamanye amacala avela ku-biography yakhe.
Ukufa
Ngesikhathi kuqhamuka lesi sifo, amadodana kaPericles womfowabo wokuqala nodadewabo bafa. Ukufa kwezihlobo kukhubaze kakhulu impilo yakhe. UPericles ushone ngo-429 BC. e. Cishe wayengomunye wezisulu zalesi sifo.
Izithombe ze-Pericles
