ULeonid Iovich Gaidai (1923-1993) - Umqondisi wefilimu waseSoviet naseRussia, umlingisi, umbhali wesikrini. Umdwebi Wabantu we-USSR kanye nowathola uMklomelo Wombuso we-RSFSR kubo. abazalwane Vasiliev.
UGaidai udubule inqwaba yamafilimu ehlelo, kufaka phakathi i-Operation Y namanye ama-Adventures kaShurik, Isiboshwa seCaucasus, iDiamond Hand, u-Ivan Vasilyevich Ushintsha Umsebenzi Wakhe ne-Sportloto-82.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaGaidai, esizokutshela ngakho kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaLeonid Gaidai.
Umlando we-Gaidai
ULeonid Gaidai wazalwa ngoJanuwari 30, 1923 edolobheni laseSvobodny (Isifunda sase-Amur). Wakhulela emndenini osebenzayo ongahlangene nakancane nomkhakha wamafilimu.
Ubaba womqondisi, uJob Isidovich, wayeyisisebenzi sikaloliwe, futhi umama wakhe, uMaria Ivanovna, wayehlanganyela ekukhuliseni izingane ezintathu: uLeonid, u-Alexander no-Augusta.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Cishe ngokushesha nje emva kokuzalwa kukaLeonid, umndeni wathuthela eChita, futhi kamuva waya e-Irkutsk, lapho umqondisi wefilimu wakusasa achitha khona ubuntwana bakhe. Wafunda esikoleni sesitimela, asithweswa iziqu kusuku olungaphambi kokuqala kweMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945).
Ngokushesha nje lapho amaNazi eJalimane ehlasela i-USSR, uGaidai wanquma ukuya phambili ngokuzithandela, kepha akazange adlulise ikhomishini ngenxa yobuncane bakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, wathola umsebenzi wokukhanyisa eMoscow Theatre of Satire, ngaleso sikhathi eyathunyelwa e-Irkutsk.
Le nsizwa ihambele yonke le midlalo, ibukeka ijabule ngomdlalo wabalingisi. Noma kunjalo, isifiso sokuxhuma impilo yakhe nenkundla yemidlalo savutha kuye.
Ekwindla ka-1941, uLeonid Gaidai wabuthelwa ebusosheni. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngesikhathi sokusatshalaliswa kwama-fighters, isigameko esihlekisayo senzeka nalo mfana, esizokhonjiswa kamuva kwifilimu mayelana "nokuzidela kukaShurik."
Ngenkathi umphathi wempi ebuza abaqashiwe ukuthi bangathanda ukukhonza kuphi, embuzweni ngamunye othi "Ngubani osezikhali zokudubula?", "Ombuthweni Wezempi?", "Emasosheni?" UGaidai wamemeza "Mina". Kungaleso sikhathi lapho umkhuzi wamaphoyisa washo khona ibinzana elaziwayo elithi “Ima kancane! Ake ngifunde lonke uhlu! "
Ngenxa yalokho, uLeonid wathunyelwa eMongolia, kodwa washeshe waqondiswa eKalinin Front, lapho ayesebenza khona njengesihloli. Wazibonakalisa eyisosha elinesibindi.
Ngesikhathi somsebenzi ohlaselayo kwelinye lamadolobhana, uGaidai wakwazi ukuphonsa amabhomu e-German fortification yezandla ngezandla zakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, wabhubhisa izitha ezintathu, wabe esehlanganyela ekubanjweni kweziboshwa.
Ngalesi senzo sobuqhawe uLeonid Gaidai waklonyeliswa ngendondo ethi "For Merit Merit". Phakathi nempi elandelayo, waqhunyiswa yimayini, walimala kanzima emlenzeni wangakwesokudla. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni ikhomishini imthole engakufanele ukuqhubeka nokusebenza.
Amafilimu
Ngo-1947 uGaidai waphothula iziqu zakhe e-Irkutsk. Lapha wasebenza iminyaka embalwa njengomlingisi nokukhanya kwesiteji.
Emva kwalokho, uLeonid washiya waya eMoscow, lapho aba umfundi womnyango oqondisa iVGIK. Ngemuva kokufunda iminyaka eyisithupha kulesi sikhungo, wathola umsebenzi eMosfilm studio studio.
Ngo-1956, uGaidai, kanye noValentin Nevzorov, bathatha idrama ethi The Long Way. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 wethule amahlaya amafushane "Umyeni ovela Komunye Umhlaba". Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lena ukuphela kwefilimu ku-biography yomqondisi eye yahlolwa kakhulu.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ifilimu ekuqaleni yayigcwele ubude. Kuyadida ukuthi kudlalwe ubuphathi beSoviet kanye nobuciko beshizi.
Ngenxa yalokho, lapho uNgqongqoshe Wezamasiko wase-USSR eyibuka, wayala ukuba kunqunywe iziqephu eziningi. Ngakho-ke, kusuka kwifilimu yobude obugcwele, ifilimu yaphenduka ifilimu elifushane.
Baze bafuna nokususa uLeonid Gaidai ekuqondiseni. Ngemuva kwalokho wavuma okokuqala futhi okokugcina ukwenza isivumelwano noMosfilm. Le ndoda iqophe idrama yezinkolelo mayelana nesitimu esithi "Kuvuswe Kathathu".
Yize lo msebenzi wawuthandwa ngabathwebuli bencwadi, ababevumela uGaidai ukuthi aqhubeke nokwenza amafilimu, umqondisi uqobo wayenamahloni ngalo mdlalo kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.
Ngo-1961, uLeonid wethula amahlaya amabili amafushane - i- "Watchdog Dog and Unusual Cross" ne- "Moonshiners", okwamlethela ukuthandwa okumnandi. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho izethameli zabona uZiqu-zintathu odumile kumuntu kaCoward (Vitsin ", Dunce (Nikulin) no-Experienced (Morgunov).
Kamuva, amafilimu amasha kaGaidai "Operation Y" namanye ama-Adventures kaShurik, "The Prisoner of the Caucasus, noma uShurik's New Adventures" kanye "The Diamond Hand", aqoshwa eminyakeni yama-60s, akhishwa esikrinini esikhulu. Wonke amafilimu ama-3 abe yimpumelelo enkulu futhi asabhekwa njengakudala weSinema cinema.
Ngama-70s, uLeonid Gaidai waqhubeka nomsebenzi osebenzayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu bakubo babona imisebenzi yobuciko efana nokuthi "u-Ivan Vasilyevich ushintsha umsebenzi wakhe", "Akunakuba njalo!" kanye "nezihlalo eziyi-12". Waba omunye wabaqondisi abadume kakhulu nabathandekayo kubukhulu beSoviet Union.
Eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela, uGaidai wethule imisebenzi emi-4, lapho amahlaya abukeke kakhulu "Behind the Matches" ne "Sportloto-82". Ngesikhathi se-biography yakhe, uphinde wadubula ama-miniature ayi-14 e-newsreel "Wick".
Ngo-1989 uLeonid Gaidai wanikezwa isihloko soMculi Wabantu we-USSR. Ngemuva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, wadubula isithombe esisodwa kuphela "Isimo sezulu sihle eDeribasovskaya, noma liphinde lana futhi eBrighton Beach."
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi le filimu yayiqukethe izihloko zabaholi baseSoviet, kusukela kuLenin kuya eGorbachev, kanye noMongameli waseMelika uGeorge W. Bush.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
ULeonid wahlangana nomkakhe wakusasa, umlingisi uNina Grebeshkova, ngenkathi efunda eVGIK. Abantu abasha bashada ngo-1953, sebehlale ndawonye iminyaka engaba ngu-40.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uNina wenqabile ukuthatha isibongo somyeni wakhe, ngoba akukacaci ngokushesha ukuthi owesilisa noma owesifazane ucashile ngaphansi kwegama elithi Gaidai, futhi lokhu kubalulekile kumlingisi wefilimu.
Kulomshado, lo mbhangqwana wawunentombazane egama lingu-Oksana, owaba ngumsebenzi wasebhange ngokuzayo.
Ukufa
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, impilo kaGaidai ishiye ukuthandwa kakhulu. Wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngesilonda esingapholi esisemlenzeni wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokubhema ugwayi, indlela yakhe yokuphefumula yaqala ukuphazamiseka ngokwengeziwe.
ULeonid Iovich Gaidai ushone ngoNovemba 19, 1993 eneminyaka engama-70. Ushone embolism yamaphaphu.
Izithombe zeGaidai
