Ithempeli lika-Arthemisi wase-Efesu lingelinye lezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa zomhlaba, kepha alikaze lisinde kuze kube namuhla lisesimweni salo sokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusele ingxenye encane yalesi sakhiwo sobuciko esihle, esikhumbuza ukuthi idolobha lase-Efesu elalisendulo lalidume ngobuhle balo futhi lihlonipha unkulunkulukazi wenzalo.
Okuncane ngemininingwane ehambisana nethempeli lika-Arthemisi e-Efesu
Ithempeli lika-Arthemisi lase-Efesu lalisendaweni yaseTurkey yanamuhla. Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakukhona i-polis echumayo lapha, ukuhweba kwenziwa, izazi zefilosofi ezivelele, abaqophi bemifanekiso, abadwebi baphila. E-Efesu, u-Arthemisi wayehlonishwa, wayengumphathi wazo zonke izipho ezethulwa izilwane nezitshalo, kanye nomsizi ekubelethweni komntwana. Yingakho kwakhiwa uhlelo olukhulu lokwakhiwa kwethempeli lokumhlonipha, okwakungelula ngaleso sikhathi ukwakhiwa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, indawo engcwele yavele yaba nkulu impela, inobubanzi obungu-52 m nobude obuyi-105 m.Ukuphakama kwamakholomu kwakungu-18 m, ayengu-127 awo.Kukholakala ukuthi ikholomu ngayinye kwakuyisipho esivela kwenye yamakhosi. Namuhla ungabona isimangaliso somhlaba hhayi esithombeni kuphela. E-Turkey, ithempeli elikhulu lenziwe kabusha ngendlela encishisiwe. Kulabo abazibuza ukuthi ikhophi itholakala kuphi, ungavakashela iMiniaturk Park e-Istanbul.
Ithempeli likankulunkulukazi wenzalo lalakhiwe hhayi e-Efesu kuphela, ngoba isakhiwo esinegama elifanayo sasisiqhingini saseCorfu eGrisi. Lesi sikhumbuzo esingokomlando besingafani nesikhulu sase-Efesu, kodwa futhi sithathwa njengesakhiwo esivelele. Kuyiqiniso, namuhla kuncane kakhulu okusalile.
Umlando wokudala nokuzilibazisa
Ithempeli lika-Arthemisi lase-Efesu lakhiwa kabili, futhi isikhathi ngasinye lalilindelwe usizi. Iphrojekthi enkulu yasungulwa yiKherifron ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-6. BC e. Nguye owakhetha indawo engavamile yokwakhiwa kwesimangaliso sesikhathi esizayo somhlaba. Bekuvame ukuba nokuzamazama komhlaba kule ndawo, ngakho-ke kukhethelwa udaka lwamanzi ukuze kube nesisekelo sesakhiwo esizayo, esinciphisa ukuzamazama komhlaba futhi savimbela ukubhujiswa ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo.
Izimali zokwakha zanikezwa yiNkosi uCroesus, kepha akazange akwaze ukubona lo msebenzi wobuciko usuphelile. Umsebenzi kaKherifron waqhutshwa yindodana yakhe uMetagenes, waqedwa nguDemetrius noPaonius ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-5. Ithempeli lalakhiwe ngemabula emhlophe. Umfanekiso ka-Arthemisi wawenziwe ngezinyo lendlovu, lihlotshiswe ngamatshe ayigugu nangegolide. Umhlobiso wangaphakathi wawuhlaba umxhwele kangangokuba lesi sakhiwo sasibhekwa njengesihle kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ngo-356 BC. indalo enkulu yayimbozwe ngezilimi zomlilo, okwakwenza ukuthi ilahlekelwe yinhle eyayikade ikhona. Imininingwane eminingi yesakhiwo ibiyipulangwe, ngakho-ke yasha yangqongqa, nemabula yaphenduka yaba mnyama emsini, ngoba kwakungenakwenzeka ukucisha umlilo ngesakhiwo esikhulu ngalezo zinsuku.
Wonke umuntu ubefuna ukwazi ukuthi ngubani oshise ibhilidi elikhulu edolobheni, kodwa akuthathanga sikhathi ukuthola isigebengu. UmGriki owashisa ithempeli lika-Arthemisi waqamba igama lakhe futhi waziqhenya ngalokho ayekwenzile. UHerostratus wayefuna ukuthi igama lakhe ligcinwe unomphela emlandweni, ngakho-ke wanquma ukuthatha leso sinyathelo. Ngalesi seluleko, umuntu owashisa indlu wajeziswa: ukusula igama lakhe kuyo yonke imithombo ukuze angakutholi akufunayo. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, wabizwa ngesiteketiso "uhlanya lunye", kepha sekufike ezikhathini zethu abashisa isakhiwo sokuqala sethempeli.
Ngekhulu lesithathu. ngenxa ka-Alexander Omkhulu, ithempeli lika-Arthemisi lavuselelwa. Kwahlakazwa, isisekelo saqiniswa saphinde senziwa kabusha ngendlela yaso yasekuqaleni. Ngo-263, indawo engcwele yaphangwa amaGoth ngesikhathi sokuhlasela. Ngokwamukelwa kobuKristu, ubuhedeni bavinjelwa, ngakho-ke ithempeli ladilizwa kancane kancane laba izingxenye. Kamuva, kwakhiwa isonto lapha, kodwa futhi lacekelwa phansi.
Kuyathakazelisa cishe osekukhohliwe
Eminyakeni edlule, ngenkathi i-Efesu ishiywa, indawo engcwele yacekelwa phansi kakhulu, futhi amanxiwa ayo aminza exhaphozini. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi kungekho muntu okwazi ukuthola indawo lapho kwakukhona khona indawo engcwele. Ngo-1869, uJohn Wood wathola izingxenye zempahla elahlekile, kepha kwaba ngekhulu lama-20 kuphela lapho kwakungafinyelelwa khona esisekelweni.
Kusuka emabhuloki akhishwe exhaphozini, ngokusho kwencazelo, bazama ukubuyisela ikholomu eyodwa, eyabonakala ukuthi incane kakhulu kunangaphambili. Nsuku zonke, amakhulu ezithombe athathwa yizivakashi ezivakashele eziphupha okungenani zithinte ingxenye eyodwa yezimangaliso zomhlaba.
Sincoma ukufunda ngeThempeli laseParthenon.
Ngesikhathi sohambo, kutshelwa amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ahlobene nethempeli lika-Arthemisi wase-Efesu, futhi umhlaba wonke manje uyazi ukuthi yiliphi idolobha lapho kwakukhona khona ithempeli elihle kunawo wonke lesikhathi sasendulo.
