I-Quintus Horace Flaccus, kaningi nje UHorace (65 - 8 BC) - Imbongi yasendulo yaseRoma "yobudala begolide" bemibhalo yamaRoma. Umsebenzi wakhe uwela esikhathini sezimpi zombango ekupheleni kweRiphabhulikhi kanye namashumi eminyaka okuqala wombuso omusha ka-Octavian Augustus.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaHorace, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaQuintus Horace Flacca.
I-Biography kaHorace
UHorace wazalwa ngoDisemba 8, 65 BC. e. edolobheni lase-Italy iVenosa. Ubaba wakhe wachitha ingxenye yempilo yakhe ebugqilini, enamathalente ahlukahlukene amsiza ukuthola inkululeko nokwenza ngcono isimo sakhe sezezimali.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Efuna ukunikeza indodana yakhe imfundo enhle, ubaba wakhe washiya indawo yakhe wathuthela eRoma, lapho uHorace aqala khona ukutadisha isayensi ehlukahlukene futhi wazi kahle isiGreki. Imbongi uqobo lwayo yakhuluma ngokufudumele ngomzali wayo, owazama ukumnikeza konke akudingayo.
Ngokusobala, ngemuva kokushona kukayise, uHorace oneminyaka engu-19 waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-Athene. Lapho wakwazi ukungena ezifundeni ezijwayele ukujwayela ifilosofi nezincwadi zamaGrikhi. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi indodana kaCicero yafunda naye.
Ngemuva kokubulawa kukaJulius Caesar, uBrutus weza e-Athens efuna abasekeli bohlelo lwe-republican. Lapha waya ezinkulumweni ePlaton Academy futhi wakhuthaza imibono yakhe kubafundi.
UHorace, kanye nabanye abantu abasha, babizwa ukuba basebenze ezingeni lenkantolo yamasosha, okwakuhlonishwa kakhulu kuye ngenxa yokuthi wayeyindodana yenkululeko. Eqinisweni, waba yisikhulu sebutho.
Ngemuva kokuhlulwa kwamabutho aseBrutus ngo-42 BC. UHorace, kanye namanye amaqhawe, bashiye isikhundla seyunithi.
Ngemuva kwalokho washintsha imibono yakhe yezepolitiki futhi wamukela ushwele owanikezwa abalandeli baseBrutus ngu-Emperor Octavian.
Njengoba impahla kababa kaHorace eVesunia yathathwa umbuso, wazithola esesimeni esinzima kakhulu sezimali. Ngenxa yalokhu, uthathe isinqumo sokulandela izinkondlo ezingathuthukisa isimo sakhe sezezimali nezenhlalo. Ngokushesha waqala isikhundla sombhali e-questura kumgcinimafa futhi waqala ukubhala izinkondlo.
Izinkondlo
Iqoqo lokuqala lezinkondlo likaHorace lalibizwa ngokuthi yiYambas, elibhalwe ngesiLatini. Eminyakeni eyalandela yomlando wakhe, waba umbhali we- "Satyr", ebhalwe ngendlela yengxoxo yamahhala.
UHorace ukhuthaze umfundi ukuthi akhulume ngesimo somuntu nezinkinga zakhe emphakathini, amshiye nelungelo lokuthola iziphetho. Weseka imicabango yakhe ngamahlaya nangezibonelo ezaziqondakala kubantu abavamile.
Imbongi igweme izingqinamba zepolitiki, yathinta kakhulu izihloko zefilosofi. Ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwamaqoqo okuqala ngo-39-38. BC UHorace waphelela emphakathini ophakeme wamaRoma, lapho uVirgil amsiza khona.
Ngesinye isikhathi egcekeni lombusi, umbhali wakhombisa ukuhlakanipha nokulinganisela emibonweni yakhe, ezama ukungafani nabanye. Umphathi wakhe kwakunguGaius Cilny Maecenas, owayengomunye wabantu abathenjwa u-Octavian.
UHorace walandela eduze izinguquko zika-Augustus, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye akazange anciphise aze afike ezingeni "lomkhohlisi wasenkantolo". Uma ukholelwa uSuetonius, umbusi wanikeza imbongi ukuba abe unobhala wakhe, kodwa wenqaba ngenhlonipho lokho.
Yize imihlomulo athembisa ngayo uHorace, ubengasifuni isikhundla. Ikakhulu, wesaba ukuthi ngokuba ngunobhala uqobo wombusi, uzolahlekelwa yinkululeko yakhe, ayeyazisa kakhulu. Ngesikhathi se-biography yakhe, wayesevele enezindlela ezanele zokuphila nesikhundla esiphakeme emphakathini.
UHorace uqobo wagxila eqinisweni lokuthi ubudlelwano bakhe noMphathi babusekelwe ekuhloniphaneni nobungani kuphela. Okusho ukuthi, wagcizelela ukuthi wayengekho emandleni amaMaecena, kodwa wayengumngani wakhe kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akazange abusebenzise kabi ubungani bakhe nomphathi.
Ngokusho kwababhali be-biographer, uHorace akazange alwele ukunethezeka nodumo, wakhetha le mpilo ethule emaphandleni. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba khona kwabaxhasi abanethonya, wayevame ukuthola izipho ezibizayo futhi abe ngumnikazi wefa elidumile ezintabeni zaseSabine.
Ngokusho kwemithombo ethile, uQuintus Horace Flaccus wayeneMaecenas komunye wemikhankaso yempi yase-Octavian, kanye nasempini eyayiseCape Actium. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, washicilela i- "Songs" yakhe edumile ("Odes"), ebhalwe ngesitayela somculo. Bahlanganise izihloko ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi isimilo, ukuthanda izwe, uthando, ubulungiswa, njll.
Ku-odes, uHorace waphakamisa u-Augustus kaninginingi, ngoba kwezinye izindawo wayezwana nenkambo yakhe yezepolitiki, futhi futhi wayeqonda ukuthi impilo yakhe yokunganaki incike kakhulu empilweni nasemphefumulweni wenkosi.
Yize "Izingoma" zikaHorace zamukelwa kahle ngabantu besikhathi sakhe, zadlula isikhathi eside kumlobi wazo futhi zaba yisikhuthazo sezimbongi zaseRussia. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abantu abanjengoMikhail Lomonosov, uGabriel Derzhavin no-Afanasy Fet babehileleke ekuhumusheni kwabo.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-20 BC. UHorace waqala ukulahlekelwa yisithakazelo kuhlobo lwe-odic. Wethule incwadi yakhe entsha ethi "Imilayezo", enezinhlamvu ezi-3 futhi ezinikezelwe kubangani.
Ngenxa yokuthi imisebenzi kaHorace yayithandwa kakhulu endulo nasesikhathini samanje, yonke imisebenzi yakhe isekhona kuze kube namuhla. Bambalwa abantu abalaziyo iqiniso lokuthi ngemuva kokusungulwa kokunyathelisa, akekho umlobi wasendulo owashicilelwa kaningi njengoHorace.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kuyo yonke iminyaka yobuciko bomuntu siqu, uHorace akakaze ashade, futhi futhi akazange ashiye inzalo. Abantu besikhathi samanje bachaze isithombe sakhe kanjena: "mfushane, unamabhodlela, unempandla."
Yize kunjalo, indoda yayivame ukuzitika ngobumnandi benyama namantombazane ahlukahlukene. Imisipha yakhe kwakunguThracian Chloe noBarina, abahlukaniswa ukukhanga kwabo nobuqili, ababiza ngothando lwakhe lokugcina.
Ababhali bomlando womuntu bathi ziningi izibuko nemifanekiso evusa inkanuko egumbini lakhe lokulala ukuze imbongi ikwazi ukubuka izibalo zabantu abanqunu yonke indawo.
Ukufa
UHorace ushone ngoNovemba 27, 8 BC. eneminyaka engama-56. Imbangela yokushona kwakhe bekungukugula okungaziwa okumbambe ngokuzuma. Yonke impahla yakhe wayidlulisela ku-Octavian, owagcizelela ukuthi kusukela manje kuzo zonke izikhungo zemfundo umsebenzi wembongi uyafundiswa.
Izithombe zeHorace
