USeren Obu Kierkegaard (1813-1855) - Isazi sefilosofi senkolo yaseDenmark, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo nomlobi. Umsunguli wobukhona obukhona.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaSeren Kierkegaard, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane ka-Kierkegaard.
I-Biography kaSerena Kierkegaard
USeren Kierkegaard wazalwa ngoMeyi 5, 1813 eCopenhagen. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini womthengisi ocebile uPeter Kierkegaard. Isazi sefilosofi kwakuyingane encane kunazo zonke kubazali bakhe.
Ngemuva kokushona kwenhloko yomndeni, izingane zakhe zathola inotho enhle. Ngenxa yalokhu, uSeren wakwazi ukuthola imfundo enhle. Lapho eneminyaka engama-27, waphumelela ngempumelelo emkhakheni wobufundisi wase-University of Copenhagen.
Ngemuva konyaka, u-Kierkegaard wanikezwa iziqu ze-master, evikele i-thesis yakhe ethi "On the concept of irony, ngokufaka isicelo njalo kuSocrates." Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abazali kusukela ebuntwaneni bagxilisa ezinganeni zabo uthando ngoNkulunkulu.
Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokungena eyunivesithi nokujwayela ifilosofi yamaGreki, uSerenus wahlaziya imibono yakhe yenkolo. Waqala ukuhlaziya okubhalwe eBhayibhelini ngenye indlela.
Ifilosofi
Ngo-1841, u-Kierkegaard wazinza eBerlin, lapho ahlala khona isikhathi esiningi ecabanga ngempilo yomuntu nemvelo yakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wavuselela izimfundiso zenkolo ayezilandela ebuntwaneni nasebusheni.
Kwakungalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe lapho uSeren eqala ukwakha imibono yakhe yefilosofi. Ngo-1843 washicilela incwadi yakhe edumile ethi "Ili-Ili", kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kwegama lakhe, kodwa ngaphansi kwegama lomgunyathi elithi Viktor Eremit.
Kule ncwadi, uSeren Kierkegaard uchaze izigaba ezi-3 zokuphila komuntu: ubuhle, isimilo nenkolo. Ngokusho kombhali, isigaba esiphakeme kakhulu sokuthuthuka komuntu ngesenkolo.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, kwashicilelwa esinye isihloko esibalulekile sikaKierkegaard, The Stages of the Life Path. Bese kugxilwe komunye umsebenzi wesazi sefilosofi "Ukwesaba Nokwesaba", owawukhuluma ngokukholwa kuNkulunkulu.
Incwadi ethi "Illness to Death" ivuse intshisekelo phakathi kwabafundi. Kwakuwumsebenzi wenkolo owawunikelwe kunkemba yokuphelelwa yithemba, mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zesono. Ngokuqonda kwakhe, isono sasihloselwe isimo sokuphelelwa yithemba, futhi isono kwakufanele sibhekwe njengesiphikisana nokuziphatha okulungile, kodwa ukukholwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, uSoren Kierkegaard waba ngukhokho wezinto ezikhona - umkhuba wefilosofi yekhulu lama-20, wagxila ebuningini bokuba khona komuntu. Ukhulume kabi kakhulu ngokuhleleka, futhi wagxeka nabasekeli bendlela yokuzithoba kwifilosofi.
I-Kierkegaard ibiza okukhona kuphela lezo zinto ezinganiki sizathu sokucabanga ngawe, ngoba ngokucabanga ngokuthile, umuntu uphazamisa inqubo yemvelo yenkambo yezinto. Ngenxa yalokho, into isivele iguqulwe ngokubukwa ngakho-ke ayisekho.
Kwifilosofi ekhona, kungokuhlangenwe nakho kwemicimbi, futhi kungacabangi, ukuthi kuthathwa njengokungenzeka ukwazi umhlaba wonke. Iqiniso lenhloso liyaziwa, futhi iqiniso elikhona kufanele litholwe kuphela.
Eminyakeni yokugcina yomlando wakhe, uSoren Kierkegaard wagxeka ikakhulukazi ukwethulwa kwempilo yobuKristu, okuyisifiso sokuphila ngenjabulo nangokunethezeka kanti ngasikhathi sinye uzibiza ngomKrestu. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamandla, wakhetha ubukhosi, kanti yena wayebheka intando yeningi njengembi kakhulu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngenkathi uKierkegaard eneminyaka engaba ngu-24 ubudala, wahlangana noRegina Olsen, owayemdala ngeminyaka eyi-9. Le ntombazane yayinesifiso sefilosofi, lapho abantu abasha babenezihloko eziningi ezivamile zokuxhumana.
Ngo-1840, uSeren noRegina bamemezela ukuzibandakanya kwabo. Kodwa-ke, cishe masinyane umfana waqala ukungabaza ukuthi angaba yindoda yomndeni eyisibonelo. Mayelana nalokhu, ngemuva kokuphela kokuzibandakanya, wanikela ngaso sonke isikhathi sakhe sokuphumula ekubhaleni.
Cishe ngemuva konyaka, uKierkegaard wabhalela le ntombazane incwadi lapho ememezela khona ukuhlukana. Wachaza isinqumo sakhe ngokuthi wayengeke akwazi ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi nempilo yasemshadweni. Ngenxa yalokho, lo mcabangi wahlala engashadile kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe futhi akazange athole inzalo.
Ukufa
USeren Kierkegaard ushone ngoNovemba 11, 1855 eneminyaka engama-42. Lapho ubhadane lomkhuhlane seludlondlobele, wahlaselwa yisifo sofuba, okwadala ukuthi afe.
Izithombe ze-Kierkegaard
