U-Lewis Carroll

U-Lewis Carroll (igama langempela UCharles Lutwidge Dodgson, noma UCharles Latuage Dodgson; 1832-1898) - Umbhali waseNgilandi, isazi sezibalo, isazi sezibalo, isazi sefilosofi, idikoni nomthwebuli wezithombe.

Ithole ukuthandwa ngenxa yezinganekwane "u-Alice eWonderland" nethi "Alice Through the Looking Glass". USolwazi Wezibalo e-Oxford University.

Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaLee Carroll, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.

Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaCarroll.

Umlando kaLewis Carroll

U-Lewis Carroll wazalwa ngoJanuwari 27, 1832 edolobhaneni laseNgilandi iDarsbury. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emkhayeni omkhulu wompristi. Wayenodadewabo abayisikhombisa nabafowabo abathathu.

Ubuntwana nentsha

U-Lewis, kanye nezingane zakubo, baqale bafunda ukufunda nobaba wakhe. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umfana wayeyinxele.

Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, waphoqeleka ukuba abhale ngesandla sakhe sokunene, ngenxa yalokho ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo kwengane. Kukhona uhlobo lokuthi ukuqeqeshwa kabusha okunjalo kuholele ekuthatheni kukaCarroll. Lapho eneminyaka engu-12, waba ngumfundi esikoleni esizimele, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wangena eRugby School.

Lapha uLewis wafunda iminyaka emi-4. Uthole amamaki aphezulu emikhakheni eminingi. Wayephumelela kakhulu ezifundweni zezibalo nezenkolo. Lapho efika eminyakeni yobudala, waphumelela ngempumelelo izivivinyo zasekolishi elite e-Oxford University.

Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, uCarroll wathola amamaki amancane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yekhono lakhe elivelele lezibalo, ukwazile ukuwina umncintiswano wokunikeza izinkulumo zezibalo eChrist Church.

Ngenxa yalokho, umbhali wesikhathi esizayo wafundisa iminyaka engama-26 elandelayo yokuphila kwakhe. Noma engazange akujabulele ukukhuluma nabafundi, izinkulumo zamlethela inzuzo enhle.

Njengoba imfundiso yenkolo yayidlala indima ebalulekile esifundweni ngaleso sikhathi, uMfundisi uCarroll kwakudingeka athathe ubupristi. Engafuni ukusebenza kule ndawo, wavuma ukuba ngumdikoni, wayeka imisebenzi yobupristi.

Ukudalwa kuka-Alice

Ngenkathi esafunda, uLewis Carroll waqala ukubhala izindaba ezimfushane nezinkondlo. Kungaleso sikhathi-ke lapho ethathe isinqumo sokushicilela imisebenzi yakhe ngaphansi kwegama lomgunyathi.

Ngo-1856, iChrist Church College yathola umphathi omusha. Kwatholakala ukuthi wayengudokotela wezifundo zezilimi nomlobi wezichazamazwi uHenry Liddell, owayeshadile futhi enezingane ezinhlanu. UCarroll waba ngumngane walo mndeni, ngenxa yalokho waqala ukuhambela amakhaya abo.

Enye yamadodakazi alo mbhangqwana oshadile yaqanjwa ngokuthi u-Alice, ozobe eseyisibonelo sezinganekwane ezidumile ngo-Alice. U-Lewis wayekuthanda ukutshela izingane izindaba ezahlukahlukene azithandayo ayeziqamba ekuhambeni.

Ngesinye isikhathi, u-Alice Liddell omncane wacela uCarroll ukuba eze nendaba ethokozisayo ngaye nodadewabo - uLauren no-Edith. Le ndoda ayinankinga ngokubatshela indaba ngezigemegeme zentombazanyana eyafika e-Underworld.

Ukwenza ukuthi kuthakazelise izingane ukuthi zimlalele, uLewis wenza umlingiswa ophambili abukeke njengo-Alice, ngenkathi enikeza abanye abalingiswa izimfanelo zodadewabo. Lapho eseqedile indaba yakhe, u-Alice othakathiwe wacela uCarroll ukuthi ayibhale phansi le ndaba.

Kamuva, le ndoda yahambisana nesicelo sayo, yamnika umbhalo - "Alice's Adventures Underground". Kamuva, lo mbhalo wesandla uzokwakha isisekelo semisebenzi yakhe edumile.

Izincwadi

Izincwadi ezidumile emhlabeni - "u-Alice eWonderland" kanye no "Alice Through the Looking Glass", umbhali washicilela ngesikhathi somlando ka-1865-1871. Isitayela sikaLewis Carroll sokuxoxa izindaba besingafani neze nezincwadi.

Ngomcabango omkhulu nobuhlakani, kanye namakhono avelele okuqondakalayo nezibalo, wasungula uhlobo olukhethekile "lwezincwadi eziyindida". Akazange afune ukwenza amaqhawe akhe angenangqondo, kodwa, kunalokho, wabanika umqondo othile, owalethwa ezingeni lokungabi nangqondo.

Emisebenzini yakhe, uCarroll wathinta izinkinga eziningi ezinkulu nefilosofi maqondana nokuphila komuntu nemvelo yakhe. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi izincwadi zavusa isithakazelo esikhulu hhayi kuphela ezinganeni, kodwa naphakathi kwabantu abadala.

Ukulandisa kukaLewis okungahambelani nakho kwalandelwa kweminye imisebenzi yakhe, kufaka phakathi i-The Hunt for the Snark, Tales with Knot, What the Turtle Said to Achilles, etc. Ngokusho kwabaningi ababhali be-biographer, umhlaba wakhe wokudala wawukhanya kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-opium.

UCarroll wayethatha i-opium njalo ngoba wayephethwe yikhanda elibi. Ngokusho kwabantu besikhathi sakhe, wayengumuntu "ongahlelekile" kakhulu. Wayengumuntu onobungane futhi owayehlala eya emicimbini eyahlukahlukene yomphakathi.

Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, uLewis waphupha ngokubuyela ebuntwaneni, lapho konke kwakulula kakhulu futhi kwakungekho sidingo sokuphila impilo embaxa, esaba ukusho noma ukwenza okuthile okungalungile. Mayelana nalokhu, waze waba nokuqwasha.

Umbhali unikele sonke isikhathi sakhe esikhululekile ezifundweni eziningi. Empeleni wayekholelwa ukuthi umuntu angadlula iqiniso alaziyo. Ngenxa yalokho, wayelangazelela ukufunda ngokuthile okungaphezu kwalokho isayensi eyayingakunikeza ngaleso sikhathi.

Ekukhuleni kwakhe, uCarroll wavakashela amazwe amaningi aseYurophu, kubandakanya iGermany, iBelgium, iPoland, iFrance neRussia. Kamuva waba umbhali womsebenzi "Idayari yohambo oluya eRussia ngo-1867".

Izibalo

U-Lewis Carroll wayengusolwazi wezibalo onekhono kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho izimfumbe emisebenzini yakhe zazinzima kakhulu futhi zihlukahlukene. Ngokufana nokubhala okuqanjiwe, washicilela imisebenzi eminingi ngezibalo.

Imikhakha yososayensi ibandakanya i-Euclidean geometry, i-algebra, ithiyori yamathuba, umqondo wezibalo, njll. Bambalwa abantu abalaziyo iqiniso lokuthi wasungula enye yezindlela zokubala izinhlaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayekuthanda ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinengqondo - "ama-sorite".

Futhi yize umsebenzi wezibalo kaCarroll ungashiyanga ndawo emlandweni wezibalo, impumelelo yakhe emkhakheni we-logic wezibalo yayingaphambi kwesikhathi sabo.

Izithombe ne-chess

U-Lewis Carroll wayenesithakazelo esikhulu ezithombeni. Uthathe izithombe ngesitayela se-pictorialism, okusho ukuthi kusetshenziswe izindlela zobuciko nezobuchwepheshe ezisondeza izithombe eduze komdwebo nemidwebo.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, le ndoda yayithanda ukuthwebula amantombazane amancane. Ngaphezu kokuthwebula izithombe, wayenesifiso se-chess, elandela izindaba emhlabeni we-chess enkulu. Naye ngokwakhe wayethanda ukudlala lo mdlalo, futhi wafundisa nezingane zakhe.

Isakhiwo somsebenzi "u-Alice Through the Looking Glass" sakhiwe kumdlalo we-chess owasungulwa ngumbhali uqobo, ngenkathi ebeka umdwebo we-chess wesimo sawo sokuqala ekuqaleni kwencwadi.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

UCarroll wayekujabulela kakhulu ukuba phakathi kwezingane, ikakhulukazi amantombazane. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngemvume yabomama, wayebapenda babe nqunu noma babe nqunu. Yena ngokwakhe wabuthatha njengobungelacala ubungani bakhe namantombazane.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngokombono wokuziphatha ngaleso sikhathi, ubungane obunjalo abuzange buthuse muntu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ababhali abaningi bomlando kaLee Carroll baqala ukummangalela nge-pedophilia. Futhi-ke, akekho noyedwa owayenganikeza amaqiniso athembekile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenkohlakalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izinhlamvu nezindaba zabantu besikhathi sakhe, lapho kwethulwa khona izibalo ngendlela yomkhohlisi, zavezwa kamuva. Ochwepheshe bakwazile ukuthola ukuthi ngaphezulu kwengxenye "yamantombazane" abebhalelana nawo bebengaphezu kwe-14, kanti cishe ikota ibingaphezu kwe-18.

Eminyakeni eminingi yobuciko bomuntu siqu, umbhali akazange akwazi ukuthola enye ingxenye yakhe, ehlala engashadile kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe.