UCesare (UCesari) UBorgia (ikati. UCesar de Borja y Catanei, isp. UCesare Borgia; KULUNGILE. 1475-1507) - Usopolitiki we-Renaissance. Wenza umzamo ongaphumelelanga wokudala umbuso wakhe enkabeni ye-Italy ngaphansi kwesandla se-Holy See, eyayiphethwe nguyise, uPapa Alexander VI.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaCesare Borgia, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane yeBorgia.
Umlando kaCesare Borgia
UCesare Borgia wazalwa ngo-1475 (ngokusho kweminye imithombo ngo-1474 noma ngo-1476) eRoma. Kukholakala ukuthi uyindodana kaKhadinali Rodrigo de Borgia, owagcina enguPapa Alexander VI. Umama wakhe wayeyinkosikazi kayise ogama lakhe linguVanozza dei Cattanei.
UCesare uqeqeshelwe umsebenzi wobuntwana kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ngo-1491 waphathiswa isikhundla sokuphatha umbhishobhi enhlokodolobha yaseNavarre, kwathi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba uMbhishobhi Omkhulu waseValencia, emnikeza imali eyengeziwe evela emasontweni amaningana.
Lapho ubaba wakhe eba uPapa ngo-1493, uCesare osemusha waqokwa njengomdikoni omkhulu, wamnikeza ezinye izifundabhishobhi eziningana. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, uBorgia wafundela ezomthetho nezenkolo ezikhungweni ezihamba phambili ezweni.
Ngenxa yalokhu, uCesare waba ngumbhali wenye yeziqu ezinhle kakhulu kwezomthetho. Inkolo ayizange ivuse isithakazelo kumfana, owakhetha impilo yezwe kuye kanye nokunqoba kwezempi.
Indodana kaPapa
Ngo-1497, umfowabo omdala waseBorgia, uGiovanni, ushona ngaphansi kwezimo ezingacacile. Wabulawa ngommese, kuyilapho zonke izimpahla zakhe zazisala zingaphelele. Abanye ababhali bama-biographer bathi uCesare wayengumbulali weGiovanni, kepha izazi-mlando azinawo amaqiniso okufakazela lokho.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, uCesare Borgia wesula esikhundleni sobupristi, okwakuqala ngqa emlandweni weSonto LamaKatolika. Ngokushesha wakwazi ukuzibona njengeqhawe nesombusazwe.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi isithombe sikaBorgia sasingumbusi nomkhuzi odumile waseRoma uGaius Julius Caesar. Engubeni yezingalo zompristi wangaphambili, kwakubhalwe ukuthi: "Kesari noma lutho."
Ngaleso sikhathi, izimpi zase-Italy zazilwelwa ezindaweni ezihlukene zombuso. Lezi zindawo zazifunwa abaseFrance nabaseSpain, kuyilapho umpapa efuna ukuhlanganisa lezi zindawo, azithathe ngaphansi kolawulo lwakhe.
Ngemuva kokuthola ukwesekwa yinkosi yaseFrance uLouis XII (ngenxa yemvume kaPapa yokuhlukanisa nokusiza ngendlela yokubuyiselwa kwebutho) uCesare Borgia waqhubeka nomkhankaso wezempi wokulwa nezifunda zaseRomgna. Ngasikhathi sinye, umphathi omkhulu wawenqabela ukuphangwa kwalawo madolobha ayezinikela ngokukhululeka kwawo.
Ngo-1500, uCesare wangena emadolobheni ase-Imola naseForli. Ngawo lowo nyaka, wahola ibutho likapapa, eqhubeka nokuzuza izitha. Ubaba nendodana enobuqili balwa izimpi, ngokunye bacela ukusekelwa kweFrance neSpain elwayo.
Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, iBorgia yanqoba ingxenye enkulu yezwe lamaPapa, yahlanganisa kabusha izindawo ezingafani. Eduze kwakhe njalo kwakukhona umngane wakhe oqotho uMicheletto Corella, owayedume ngokukhipha enkosini yakhe.
UCesare uphathise uCorellia imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ebalulekile, azama ngayo yonke indlela ukufeza. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, umshushisi unecala lokubulala umlingani wesibili kaLucrezia Borgia - u-Alfonso wase-Aragon.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abanye abantu besikhathi esithile bathi bedinga imali, bobabili uBorgia wafakela ushevu okhadinali abacebile, inhlanhla yabo emuva kokushona kwabo yabuyela esikhwameni sikapapa.
UNiccolo Machiavelli noLeonardo da Vinci, owayengunjiniyela emabuthweni akhe, bakhuluma kahle ngoCesar Borgia njengomholi wamasosha. Kodwa-ke, ukunqoba okuphumelelayo kwaphazanyiswa ukugula okubi kukababa nendodana. Ngemuva kokudla komunye wokhadinali, bobabili uBorgia waba nomkhuhlane, ohambisana nokuhlanza.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Asikho nesisodwa isithombe esisayiniwe sikaCesare esisindile kuze kube yilolu suku, ngakho-ke zonke izithombe zakhe zesimanje ziqagela. Akwaziwa futhi ukuthi ubengumuntu onjani ngempela.
Kweminye imibhalo, uBorgia uvezwa njengomuntu oneqiniso futhi ohloniphekile, kanti kwabanye - ungumuntu ozenzisayo futhi omele igazi. Kuthiwa kuthiwa ubenobudlelwano bothando namantombazane nabafana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhulume ngokusondelana kwakhe nodadewabo uLucretia.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi intandokazi yomkhuzi kwakunguSanchia, owayengunkosikazi womfowabo kaJofredo oneminyaka engu-15. Kodwa-ke, unkosikazi wakhe osemthethweni wayengomunye intombazane, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi imishado yezikhulu eziphezulu yayiphethwe hhayi ngezothando kepha ngenxa yezizathu zepolitiki.
UBorgia Sr. wayefuna ukushada nendodana yakhe inkosazana yaseNeapolitan uCarlotta wase-Aragon, owenqaba ukushada noCesare. Ngo-1499, umfana washada nendodakazi yombusi, uCharlotte.
Kakade ngemuva kwezinyanga ezine, uBorgia wayolwa e-Italy futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi akazange abone uCharlotte nendodakazi esanda kuzalwa uLouise, owaba ukuphela kwengane yakhe esemthethweni.
Kukhona inguqulo yokuthi ngemuva nje kokubuya eFrance, uCesare wadlwengula uCatherine Sforza, owayevikela inqaba yaseForlì. Kamuva, kwaba nokuthunjwa okukhulu komfazi womholi wezempi uGianbattista Caracciolo ogama lakhe linguDorothea.
Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, uBorgia wabona izingane ezi-2 ezingekho emthethweni - indodana kaGirolamo nendodakazi kaCamilla. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi, njengoba esekhulile, uCamilla wenza izifungo zezindela. Ukuya ocansini okungalawulwa kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi uCesare wagula ugcunsula.
Ukufa
Ngemuva kokugula ugcunsula nokufa okungazelelwe kukayise ngo-1503, uCesare Borgia wayefa. Kamuva wahamba nabangane bakhe abaseduze baya eNavarre, ephethwe ngumfowabo womkakhe uCharlotte.
Ngemuva kokubona izihlobo, le ndoda yaphathiswa ukuhola ibutho laseNavarre. Ekuphishekeleni isitha ngo-Mashi 12, 1507, uCesare Borgia wahlaselwa wabulawa. Kodwa-ke, izimo zokufa kwakhe zisalokhu zingacaci.
Imibono yabekwa phambili ngokuzibulala, ukulahlekelwa yingqondo ngenxa yokuqhubeka kogcunsula nokubulawa kwezinkontileka. Umkhuzi wamaphoyisa wangcwatshwa eSontweni likaMariya oBusisiwe eViana. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esingu-1523-1608. isidumbu sakhe sasuswa ethuneni, ngoba isoni esinjalo kwakungafanele sibe sendaweni engcwele.
Ngo-1945, indawo okusolwa ukuthi ingcwaba kabusha iBorgia yatholakala ngephutha. Ngaphandle kwezicelo zabahlali bendawo, umbhishobhi wenqaba ukungcwaba izinsalela esontweni, ngenxa yalokho umphathi wakhona wathola ukuthula ezindongeni zalo. Ku-2007 kuphela lapho uMbhishobhi Omkhulu wasePamplona wanikeza isibusiso sakhe ukuhambisa izinsalela esontweni.
Isithombe nguCesare Borgia
