UNikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810-1881) - Udokotela ohlinzayo waseRussia nososayensi wokwakheka komzimba, isazi semvelo, uthisha, uprofesa, umbhali we-atlas yokuqala ye-topographic anatomy, umsunguli wokuhlinzwa kwensimu yamasosha aseRussia kanye nomsunguli wesikole saseRussia se-anesthesia. Umeluleki Ozimele.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaPirogov, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane kaNikolai Pirogov.
Biography Pirogov
UNikolai Pirogov wazalwa ngoNovemba 13 (25), 1810 eMoscow. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini ohloniphekile womgcinimafa wezempi u-Ivan Ivanovich nomkakhe u-Elizaveta Ivanovna.
Ngaphandle kukaNikolai, umndeni wakwaPirogov wazalelwa ezinye izingane eziyi-13, eziningi zazo ezafa zisencane.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Inkanyiso yesayensi yesikhathi esizayo yathola imfundo yakhe yamabanga aphansi ekhaya. Lapho eneminyaka engu-12 wathunyelwa endlini yokuhlala yangasese. Kamuva kwadingeka ashiye lesi sikhungo, ngoba abazali bakhe babengasakwazi ukukhokhela izifundo zendodana yabo.
Lapho esemusha, uPirogov waqala ukucabanga ngokukhetha umsebenzi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphansi kwethonya likaprofesa wezokwelapha u-Erem Mukhin, owayengumngane nabazali bomfana, uNikolai wayefuna ukuba ngudokotela. Kamuva uzobiza lo profesa ngomeluleki wakhe kwezomoya.
UPirogov wayekuthanda kakhulu ukufunda, maqondana nokuchitha isikhathi esiningi kulabhulali yakhe yasekhaya, eyayinkulu kakhulu ngosayizi. Ebona amakhono avelele kaNikolai, uMukhin wenza imizamo eminingi yokuthola imfundo ephakeme yezokwelapha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndoda ngezikhathi ezithile ihlinzeka ukusekela ngokwezimali umndeni Pirogov. Lapho uNikolai eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala, wangena uMnyango Wezokwelapha Imperial Moscow University. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi emibhalweni waveza ukuthi wayeneminyaka engu-16 ubudala.
Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography, amaPirogov ayedinga kakhulu. Abazali abakwazanga ukuthenga umfaniswano wendodana yabo, ngakho-ke kwakudingeka afunde emakilasini ejazi, ehlushwa ukushisa.
Ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu, uNikolai wayivikela ngempumelelo impikiswano ngesihloko esithi: "Ngabe ukuxhunywa kwe-aorta yesisu ye-aneurysm yendawo ye-groin kungukungenelela okulula nokuphephile?"
Imithi kanye nokufundisa
Efuna ukuthola ubudokotela kwezokwelapha, uPirogov wabelwa ukuyofunda eNyuvesi yaseBerlin, kanye nabanye abafundi. Uqede ukwenza kwekhwalithi ngokubambisana nodokotela abahlinzayo baseJalimane abanolwazi.
EJalimane, uNicholas wakwazi ukukhombisa amakhono akhe ekusebenzeni futhi wazakhela udumo njengochwepheshe oqeqeshiwe kakhulu. Wanikezwa kalula imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu okungekho muntu owake wayenza ngaphambi kwakhe.
Eminyakeni engama-26 uPirogov wanikezwa isikhundla sokuba nguprofesa woMnyango Wezokuhlinza e-Imperial Dorpat University. Kuyafisa ukwazi ukuthi wayengusolwazi wokuqala waseRussia ukuba yinhloko yomnyango.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uNikolai Ivanovich wavakashela eFrance, lapho ayefuna ukuhlola izibhedlela zendawo futhi abone izinga lemithi yendawo. Kodwa-ke, asikho nesisodwa sezikhungo ezivakashelwe esenza umbono kudokotela waseRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wathola udokotela odumile waseFrance uVelpeau efunda eyakhe i-monograph.
Ngo-1841 uPirogov wabuyela eRussia, lapho ahlinzekwa khona manjalo ukuba ahole umnyango wezokuhlinzwa e-Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy. Ngokufana nalokhu, wahola umtholampilo wokuhlinzwa esibhedlela awusungula.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-biographies uNikolai Pirogov waqeqesha odokotela abahlinzayo bezempi, futhi wafunda ngokujulile zonke izindlela zokuhlinza ezazaziwa ngaleso sikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, wenza izindlela eziningi zanamuhla futhi wafaka izindlela eziningi ezintsha kuzo. Ngenxa yalokhu, wayenamathuba amancane kakhulu kunabalingani bakhe ukuthi asebenzise ukunqunywa kwezitho.
Enye yalezi zindlela isabizwa nge- "Operation Pirogov". Ngomzamo wokwenza lula nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokusebenza, uPirogov uqobo wenza izivivinyo zokwakheka kwezidumbu ezifriziwe. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwesiyalo esisha sezokwelapha - i-anatomy yesimo sendawo.
Efunde ngokuningiliziwe zonke izici zomzimba womuntu, uNikolai Pirogov washicilela i-1 atlas yokwakheka, eyayiphelezelwa yimifanekiso ecacile. Lo msebenzi ube yincwadi eyinkomba yabo bonke abahlinzayo.
Kusukela lapho, odokotela bakwazile ukwenza imisebenzi ngemiphumela ebucayi yesiguli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waba yilungu le-Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
Lapho uPirogov eneminyaka engu-27 ubudala, waya phambili, efisa ukuhlola izindlela zakhe zokwelapha ngokwenza. Lapho efika eCaucasus, waqala wasebenzisa okokufaka okugcotshwe isitashi ngamabhandeshi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukugqoka okunjalo kutholakale ukuthi kuqinile futhi kukhululekile.
Futhi, uNikolai waba udokotela wokuqala emlandweni owathi, emkhakheni, wahlinzwa ngempumelelo isiguli esebenzisa i-ether anesthesia. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi eminyakeni elandelayo yomlando wakhe, uzokwenza imisebenzi enjalo engaba ngu-10 000. Ekwindla ka-1847 wanikezwa isihloko sokuba yikhansela langempela lombuso.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uPirogov wayengudokotela wokuqala waseRussia owaqala ukuprinta ukhonkolo, manje osetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi seMpi YaseCrimea (1853-1856). Ukwehlisa inani lokufa nokunqunywa, wahlukanisa abahlengikazi ngamaqembu ama-4, ngalinye lawo lenza umsebenzi ohlukile.
Okufanele kakhulu udokotela ohlinzayo ukwethula indlela entsha ngokuphelele yokusabalalisa abalimele. Waphinda futhi, waba ngowokuqala ukuqala ukuhlunga abantu abalimele ngokwezinga lobunzima kumaqembu ama-5:
- Akanathemba futhi ulimele kanzima.
- Ukudinga usizo ngokushesha.
- Kunzima, kepha uyakwazi ukusinda lapho ethunyelwa esibhedlela.
- Ukuthunyelwa esibhedlela.
- Ngamanxeba amancane angalashwa khona lapho.
Lo mkhuba ngokuzayo waphenduka insizakalo yezokwelapha nokukhishwa emabuthweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi Pirogov ngobuciko ihlelwe zokuhamba elula futhi zikhululekile kakhulu usebenzisa amahhashi. Ngalezi zizathu nezinye, ubizwa kufanele ngokuthi ukhokho wokuhlinzwa emkhakheni wezempi.
Ebuyela eSt. Petersburg, uNikolai Pirogov wabamba umhlangano wakhe nombusi, emtshela ngezinkinga ezicindezelayo ebuthweni. Iseluleko kanye nokuthukwa kukadokotela kwavusa intukuthelo ku-Alexander II, ngenxa yalokho enqaba ukumlalela.
UPirogov wathandana nenkosi futhi waqokwa njengomphathiswa wezifunda zase-Odessa naseKiev. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, wazama ukwenza uchungechunge lwezinguquko kwezemfundo, okwacasula iziphathimandla zendawo.
Ngo-1866 uNikolai Ivanovich nomndeni wakhe bathuthela endaweni yabo esifundazweni saseVinnitsa, lapho wavula khona isibhedlela samahhala. Lapha, hhayi kuphela izakhamizi zendawo ezelashwa, kodwa futhi nabanye abantu bakubo abaningi ababezibonela mathupha ngamakhono amahle kadokotela.
Ngasikhathi sinye nalokhu, uPirogov waqhubeka nokubhala amaphepha esayensi ngokuhlinzwa kwensimu yempi. Wayemenywa ephindelela ukuba azokhuluma phesheya ngezinkulumo ezingqungqutheleni zamazwe omhlaba. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ohambweni lwakhe olulandelayo lwebhizinisi, wanikeza ukwelashwa kuGaribaldi odumile wezinguquko.
I-tsar yaseRussia iphinde yakhumbula uPirogov ekuphakameni kwempi yaseRussia neTurkey. Efika eBulgaria, waqala ukuhlela izibhedlela futhi ethutha iziguli ezibhedlela zeziguli ezingalaliwe. Ngemisebenzi yakhe eya e-Fatherland, u-Alexander II wamklomelisa nge-Order of the White Eagle nebhokisi lesinemfu segolide elinamadayimane.
Ezinsukwini zokugcina zomlando wakhe, uNikolai Ivanovich waqhubeka nokuhlinza iziguli. Ngaphambi nje kokuba ashone, wakwazi ukuqeda ukubhala iDiary of an Old Doctor.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi wokuqala kadokotela osemusha wayengumzukulu ka-Nikolai Tatishchev ogama lakhe lingu-Ekaterina Berezina. Lo mshado uqhubeke iminyaka engu-4 kuphela. Le ntombazane yabulawa yizinkinga zokubeletha, ishiya amadodana amabili - uNikolai noVladimir.
Eminyakeni engu-4 kamuva, uPirogov washada nenkosikazi eyisihambi kanye nesihlobo somhambi odumile u-Ivan Kruzenshtern. Waba ukwesekwa okunokwethenjelwa komyeni wakhe. Ngenxa yemizamo yakhe, umtholampilo wokuhlinzwa wavulwa eKiev.
Ukufa
UNikolai Pirogov ushone ngoNovemba 23 (Disemba 5) 1881 eneminyaka engama-71. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwaba isimila esibi emlonyeni. Unkosikazi kamufi wayala ukuba agqokise isidumbu asibeke ku-crypt efanele ngefasitela, okwakhiwa kamuva isonto lombhishobhi.
Namuhla, iqembu elifanayo lochwepheshe libandakanyeka ekulondolozeni umzimba kadokotela omkhulu, ohlola isimo semizimba kaLenin noKim Il Sung. Ifa likaNikolai Ivanovich lisaphila kuze kube yilolu suku, lapho imnyuziyamu ihlelwe khona manje ukumhlonipha.
Izithombe zePirogov
