Alessandro Cagliostro, Bala i-Cagliostro (igama langempela UGiuseppe Giovanni Batista Vincenzo Pietro Antonio Matteo Franco Balsamo; 1743-1795) - oyimfihlakalo wase-Italiya futhi owazibiza ngamagama ahlukile. Futhi kwaziwa eFrance njenge UJoseph Balsamo.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography ka-Count Cagliostro, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane yeCagliostro.
Umlando ka-Alessandro Cagliostro
UGiuseppe Balsamo (Cagliostro) wazalwa ngoJuni 2, 1743 (ngokusho kweminye imithombo, ngoJuni 8) edolobheni lase-Italy iPalermo. Wakhulela emndenini womthengisi wezindwangu uPietro Balsamo nomkakhe uFelicia Poacheri.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Noma eseyingane, isazi samakhemikhali esizayo sasinazo zonke izinhlobo zokuzidela. Wakhombisa ukuba nentshisekelo ekukhohliseni imilingo, kuyilapho imfundo yezwe yayiyindlela ejwayelekile kuye.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uCagliostro waxoshwa esikoleni sesifunda ngezitatimende ezihlambalazayo. Ukuze afundise indodana yakhe ingqondo yokucabanga, umama wayithumela esigodlweni sezindela samaBenedictine. Lapha umfana wahlangana nomunye wezindela owayazi ngamakhemikhali nemithi.
Indela laqaphela intshisekelo yentsha ekuhlolweni kwamakhemikhali, ngenxa yalokho yavuma ukuyifundisa izisekelo zale sayensi. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi lo mfundi obedembesele elahlwa yicala lokukhwabanisa, banquma ukumxosha ezindongeni zesigodlo.
Ngokusho kuka-Alessandro Cagliostro, kulabhulali yezindela wakwazi ukufunda imisebenzi eminingi yamakhemikhali, yezokwelapha neyezinkanyezi. Ebuyela ekhaya, waqala ukwenza izithako "zokuphulukisa", waphinde waqamba imibhalo futhi wathengisa "amamephu anamagugu angcwatshwe" kubantu bakubo abakhohliseka kalula.
Ngemuva kochungechunge lwamaqhinga, le nsizwa yaphoqeleka ukuba ibaleke edolobheni. Waya eMessina, lapho ngokusobala wathatha khona igama lomgunyathi - Count Cagliostro. Lokhu kwenzeke ngemuva kokushona kukanina wakhe uVincenza Cagliostro. UGiuseppe akazange athathe isibongo sakhe kuphela, kodwa futhi waqala ukuzibiza ngokubala.
Imisebenzi kaCagliostro
Eminyakeni eyalandela yomlando wakhe, u-Alessandro Cagliostro uqhubeke nokufuna "itshe lefilosofi" kanye ne "elixir yokungafi." Wakwazi ukuvakashela eFrance, e-Italy naseSpain, lapho aqhubeka khona akhohlisa abantu abakhohliseka kalula esebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Njalo lapho isibalo kwakudingeka sibaleke, sesaba ukujeziswa "ngezimangaliso" zakhe. Lapho eneminyaka engaba ngu-34 ubudala wafika eLondon. Abantu bendawo bambiza ngokuhlukile: umlingo, inyanga, isazi ngezinkanyezi, njll.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uCagliostro uqobo uzibize ngendoda enkulu, ekhuluma ngendlela okuthiwa angakhuluma ngayo nemimoya yabafileyo, aguqule umthofu ube yigolide futhi afunde imicabango yabantu. Uphinde wathi ubekade engaphakathi kwemipiramidi yaseGibhithe, lapho ahlangana khona nezazi ezingafi.
KwakuseNgilandi lapho u-Alessandro Cagliostro azitholela khona udumo olukhulu futhi waze wamukelwa nasendaweni yokulala yamaMasonic. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wayengudokotela wezengqondo onolwazi. Ngesikhathi sokuxoxa nabantu, wayekhuluma ngokunganaki ngokuthi wazalwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule - ngonyaka wokuqhuma kweVesuvius.
UCagliostro uphinde waqinisekisa izilaleli ukuthi phakathi nempilo yakhe "ende" wayenethuba lokuxhumana namakhosi nababusi abaningi abadumile. Ubuye waqinisekisa ukuthi uyixazulule imfihlo "yetshe lefilosofi" futhi wakwazi ukudala ingqikithi yokuphila okuphakade.
ENgilandi, uCount Cagliostro waqongelela inotho enhle ngokwenza amatshe abizayo nokuqagela izinhlanganisela zokuwina kwilotto. Yiqiniso, wayesasebenzisa ukukhwabanisa, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wakhokha.
Indoda yathathwa yafakwa ejele. Kodwa-ke, iziphathimandla kudingeke ukuthi zimkhulule, ngenxa yokushoda kobufakazi bamacala enziwe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukungabi nokubukeka okuhle, ngandlela thile waheha abesifazane kuye, ebasebenzisa ngempumelelo enkulu.
Ngemuva kokukhululwa kwakhe, uCagliostro wabona ukuthi kufanele ashiye iNgilandi ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngemuva kokushintsha amanye amazwe amaningi, wagcina eseRussia ngo-1779.
Lapho efika eSt. Petersburg, u-Alessandro wazethula ngaphansi kwegama lika-Count Phoenix. Wakwazi ukusondela kuPrince Potemkin, owamsiza ukuba afike enkantolo kaCatherine 2. Imibhalo esekhona ithi iCagliostro yayinohlobo oluthile lukazibuthe wezilwane, okungasho ukuluthwa ingqondo.
Enhlokodolobha yaseRussia, ukubalwa kwaqhubeka kukhombisa "izimangaliso": waxosha amadimoni, wavusa inkosana esanda kuzalwa uGagarin, futhi waphakamisa noPotemkin ukuthi andise inani legolide okwakungolenkosana kathathu ngombandela wokuthi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu iye kuye.
Kamuva, unina wengane "evusiwe" walubona ushintsho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaqala ukuvezwa amanye amacebo omgunyathi ka-Alessandro Cagliostro. Futhi, umNtaliyane ngandlela thile wakwazi ukuphinda kathathu igolide likaPotemkin. Ukuthi ukwenze kanjani lokhu akukacaci.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-9 eRussia, iCagliostro yaqhubeka nokubaleka futhi. Uvakashele eFrance, eHolland, eJalimane naseSwitzerland, lapho aqhubeka khona nokwenza izifundo zobulelesi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Alessandro Cagliostro wayeshade nowesifazane omuhle ogama lakhe linguLorenzia Feliciati. Abashadikazi babamba iqhaza emikhonyoleni ehlukahlukene ndawonye, bevame ukubhekana nezikhathi ezinzima.
Kunamacala amaningi aziwayo lapho ukubalwa kuthengise ngomzimba womkakhe. Ngale ndlela, wayehola imali noma akhokhe izikweletu. Kodwa-ke, nguLaurencia ozobamba iqhaza lokugcina ekufeni komyeni wakhe.
Ukufa
Ngo-1789, u-Alessandro nomkakhe babuyela e-Italy, okwakungasafani nakuqala. Ekwindla ngawo lowo nyaka abashade baboshwa. UCagliostro wasolwa ngokuxhumana namaFreemason, warlock namaqhinga.
Indima ebalulekile ekudaluleni umkhwabanisi yadlalwa ngumkakhe, owafakaza ngokumelene nomyeni wakhe. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuzange kumsize yena uLorenzia. Waboshwa esigodlweni sezindela, lapho afela khona.
Ngemuva kokuphela kokuqulwa kwecala, uCagliostro wagwetshwa ukuba ashiswe esigxotsheni, kepha uPapa Pius VI wakuguqula ukubulawa kwakhe kwaba ukudilikajele. Ngo-Ephreli 7, 1791, kwahlelwa isiko lokuphenduka emphakathini eSontweni LaseSanta Maria. Indoda elahliwe yaguqa ngamadolo futhi iphethe ikhandlela ezandleni zayo yancenga intethelelo kuNkulunkulu, futhi phakathi kwakho konke lokhu, umshushisi washisa izincwadi zakhe zomlingo nezinye izinsiza.
Khona-ke umlumbi waboshwa enqabeni yaseSan Leo, lapho ahlala khona iminyaka engu-4. U-Alessandro Cagliostro ushone ngo-Agasti 26, 1795 eneminyaka engama-52. Ngokusho kwemithombo eyahlukene, ubulawe yisifo sokuwa noma ukusebenzisa ubuthi, amjovole ngonogada.
Izithombe zeCagliostro
