UThor Heyerdahl (1914-2002) - Isazi semivubukulo saseNorway, isihambi nomlobi. Umcwaningi wesiko nemvelaphi yabantu abahlukahlukene emhlabeni: abasePolynesia, amaNdiya kanye nezakhamizi zase-Easter Island. Wenze uhambo oluthile oluyingozi emifanekisweni yezikebhe zasendulo.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaThor Heyerdahl, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaHeyerdahl.
Umlando kaThor Heyerdahl
UThor Heyerdahl wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 6, 1914 edolobheni laseNorway iLarvik. Ukhulele emndenini womnikazi wesikhungo sotshwala uThor Heyerdahl nonkosikazi wakhe u-Alison, obesebenza emnyuziyamu we-anthropological.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Lapho esemncane, uThor wayeyazi kahle imfundiso kaDarwin yokuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi enesithakazelo esijulile kwezilwane. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ekhaya lakhe waze wadala uhlobo lomnyuziyamu, lapho inyoka yayingumbukiso omkhulu.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ingane yethukile ngamanzi, ngoba icishe yaminza kabili. U-Heyerdahl uvumile ukuthi ukube ebusheni bakhe kukhona umuntu owayemtshele ukuthi uzobhukuda olwandle ngesikebhe sesikhashana, ubezocabanga ukuthi lowo muntu uyahlanya.
UTour ukwazile ukunqoba ukwesaba kwakhe eneminyaka engama-22. Lokhu kwenzeke ngemuva kokuwela kwakhe emfuleni ngephutha, lapho ebesekwazi ukubhukuda khona.
Ngo-1933, uHeyerdahl waziphasa ngempumelelo izivivinyo enyuvesi eyinhloko, ekhetha umnyango wezemvelo. Kulapha lapho aqala khona ukutadisha ngokujulile umlando namasiko abantu basendulo.
Ukuhamba
Ngenkathi efunda eyunivesithi, uTour wahlangana nomhambi uBjorn Krepelin, owahlala isikhashana eTahiti. Wayenomtapo omkhulu wezincwadi neqoqo elikhulu lezinto ezazilethwe zivela ePolynesia. Ngenxa yalokhu, uHeyerdahl ukwazile ukuphinda afunde izincwadi eziningi ezihlobene nomlando namasiko esifundeni.
Ngenkathi esengumfundi, iTour ibambe iqhaza kuphrojekthi ehlose ukuhlola nokuvakashela iziqhingi ezikude zasePolynesia. Amalungu omkhankaso bekufanele athole ukuthi izilwane zesimanje zikwazi kanjani ukuzithola lapho.
Ngo-1937, uHeyerdahl wahamba nomkakhe omncane baya eMarquesas Islands. Lezi zithandani ziwele i-Atlantic Ocean, zadlula ePanama Canal kwathi ngemuva kokudlula olwandle iPacific zafika ogwini lwaseTahiti.
Lapha abahambi bahlala emzini womholi wendawo, owabafundisa ubuciko bokuphila endaweni yemvelo. Cishe cishe inyanga, laba abasanda kushada bathuthela esiqhingini saseFatu-Hiva, lapho bahlala khona isikhathi esingangonyaka kude nempucuko.
Ekuqaleni, babengangabazi ukuthi bangahlala endle isikhathi eside. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izilonda ezinegazi zaqala ukuvela emilenzeni yabalingani. Ngenhlanhla, esiqhingini esingumakhelwane, bakwazi ukuthola udokotela owabanikeza usizo lwezokwelapha.
Imicimbi eyenzeka noThor Heyerdahl eziqhingini zaseMarquesas ichazwe encwadini yakhe yokuqala yomlando womuntu "In Search of Paradise", eyashicilelwa ngo-1938. Wabe eselibhekisa eCanada eyofunda ngempilo yamaNdiya omdabu. Kuleli watholwa yimpi yesibili yomhlaba (1939-1945).
UHeyerdahl wayengomunye wabokuqala ukuvolontiya phambili. E-Great Britain, waqeqeshwa njengomqhubi womsakazo, ngemuva kwalokho wabamba iqhaza namabutho ahlangene ekulweni namaNazi. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi wakhuphukela esigabeni sokuba uLieutenant.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, iTour yaqhubeka nokuzibandakanya nemisebenzi yesayensi, yafunda inani elikhulu lemibhalo ehlukile. Ngenxa yalokhu, wafaka umbono wokuthi iPolynesia yayigcwele abantu abavela eMelika, hhayi baseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili.
Ukucabanga kukaHeyerdahl ngesibindi kudonse ukugxeka okuningi emphakathini. Ukufakazela icala lakhe, umfana wanquma ukuhlanganisa umkhankaso. Kanye nabahambi abahlanu, waya ePeru.
Lapha amadoda akha isihlenga, asibiza nge- "Kon-Tiki". Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi basebenzise kuphela lezo zinto ezazitholakala kubantu "basendulo". Ngemuva kwalokho, baphuma baya olwandle iPacific futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-101 zokuhamba ngomkhumbi bafika esiQhingini SaseTuamotu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi bahlanganisa amakhilomitha angaba ngu-8000 ku-raft yabo!
Ngakho-ke, uThor Heyerdahl nabangane bakhe bafakazela ukuthi esikebheni semikhumbi yesikhashana, kusetshenziswa i-Humboldt yamanje nomoya, kulula ukuwela ulwandle nomhlaba eziqhingini zasePolynesia.
Lokhu yikho kanye okwashiwo nguHeyerdahl kanye nokhokho bamaPolynesia abakwenza, njengoba kushiwo emibhalweni yesandla yabanqobi baseSpain. INorway ichaze uhambo lwayo encwadini ethi "Kon-Tiki", eyahunyushelwa ezilimini ezingama-66 zomhlaba.
Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1955-1956. Uhambo luhlolisise i-Easter Island. Lapho, yena kanye nabavubukuli abanolwazi, benza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezihlobene nokudonswa nokufakwa kwezithombe ze-moai. Le ndoda yabelana ngemiphumela yomsebenzi owenziwe encwadini ethi "Aku-Aku", edayiswe ngezigidi zamakhophi.
Ngo-1969-1970. UHeyerdahl wakha izikebhe ezi-2 ze-papyrus ukuze awele i-Atlantic Ocean. Ngalesi sikhathi, wafuna ukufakazela ukuthi amatilosi asendulo angenza uhambo lwasolwandle olwandle olwandle, esebenzisa iCanary Current yalokhu.
Isikebhe sokuqala, esibizwa nge "Ra", esenziwe ngezithombe namamodeli wezikebhe zasendulo zaseGibhithe, sangena e-Atlantic Ocean sisuka eMorocco. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yamaphutha amaningi ezobuchwepheshe, "uRa" washeshe wahlukana.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kwakhiwa isikebhe esisha - "Ra-2", esasinomklamo owenziwe ngcono kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, uThur Heyerdahl wakwazi ukufinyelela ngokuphepha ogwini lwaseBarbados futhi ngalokho wafakazela ubuqiniso bamazwi akhe.
Ngentwasahlobo ka-1978, izihambi zashisa umkhumbi womhlanga iTigris ukukhalaza ngempi eyayisesifundeni soLwandle Olubomvu. Ngale ndlela, uHeyerdahl wazama ukudonsela ukunaka kwabaholi be-UN kanye naso sonke isintu eqinisweni lokuthi impucuko yethu ingasha ize iye ezansi njengalesi sikebhe.
Kamuva, umhambi waqala ukutadisha izindunduma ezitholakala eMaldives. Uthole ukuthi uthole izisekelo zezakhiwo zasendulo, kanye nezithombe zamatilosi ezinentshebe. Uchaze ucwaningo lwakhe ku-The Maldives Mystery.
Ngo-1991, uThor Heyerdahl wafunda amapiramidi aseGuimar esiqhingini saseTenerife, ethi empeleni ayimipiramidi hhayi nje izinqwaba zemfucumfucu. Uphakamise ukuthi endulo, iCanary Islands kungenzeka ukuthi yayiyisiteji esiphakathi kweMelika neMedithera.
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane entsha yeminyaka, iTour yaya eRussia. Wazama ukuthola ubufakazi bokuthi abantu bakubo bafika endaweni yeNorway yanamuhla, evela ogwini lwase-Azov. Wacwaninga amabalazwe asendulo nezinganekwane, futhi wabamba iqhaza ekumbeni kwemivubukulo.
UHeyerdahl wayengangabazi ukuthi izimpande zaseScandinavia zingalandelwa e-Azerbaijan yanamuhla, lapho ahambele khona izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Lapha wafunda ukuqoshwa kwamatshe futhi wazama ukuthola izinto zakudala, eziqinisekisa umbono wakhe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi wokuqala kaTour wayengusomnotho uLiv Cusheron-Thorpe, owahlangana naye ngesikhathi esafunda. Kulo mshado, lo mbhangqwana wawunabafana ababili - iTour noBjorn.
Ekuqaleni kwakukhona i-idyll ephelele phakathi kwalabo abashade nabo, kodwa kamuva imizwa yabo yaqala ukuphola. Ubudlelwano bukaHeyerdahl noYvonne Dedekam-Simonsen buholele ekuhlukaniseni okokugcina kukaTour eLiv.
Ngemuva kwalokho, le ndoda yabeka ngokusemthethweni ubuhlobo bayo noYvonne, owazala amantombazane amathathu - u-Anette, uMarian noHelen Elizabeth. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi unkosikazi wakhe wayehamba nomyeni wakhe ohambweni oluningi. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1969 lo mshado wahlukana.
Ngo-1991, uHeyerdahl oneminyaka engu-77 ubudala wehla ngendlela yesithathu. Umkakhe kwakunguJacqueline Bier oneminyaka engama-59, owake waba nguMiss France-1954. Isihambi sahlala naye kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.
Ngo-1999, abantu bakubo kaTour bambona njengeNorway edume kakhulu ngekhulu lama-20. Uthole imiklomelo eminingi ehlukene neziqu ezihloniphekile eziyi-11 emanyuvesi aseMelika naseYurophu.
Ukufa
UThor Heyerdahl ushone ngo-Ephreli 18, 2002 eneminyaka engama-87. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwaba isimila ebuchosheni. Ngaphambi nje kokuba ashone, wenqaba ukuthatha umuthi nokudla.
Izithombe zikaHeyerdahl
