Yini ama-eugenics nokuthi yini injongo yayo engaziwa yibo bonke abantu. Le mfundiso yavela ngekhulu le-19, kepha yathola ukuthandwa okukhulu emashumini okuqala ekhulu lama-20.
Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi yini i-eugenics nokuthi iyiphi indima yayo emlandweni wesintu.
Kusho ukuthini ama-eugenics
Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiGrekini sasendulo, igama elithi "eugenics" lisho - "ohloniphekile" noma "uhlobo oluhle." Ngakho-ke, i-eugenics iyimfundiso mayelana nokukhethwa kwabantu, nangezindlela zokwenza ngcono amafa omuntu. Umgomo wale mfundiso ukulwa nezigameko zokonakala echibini lofuzo lomuntu.
Ngamazwi alula, ama-eugenics ayadingeka ukuze kusindiswe abantu ezifweni, ukuthambekela okubi, ubugebengu, njll, kubanikeze ngezimfanelo eziwusizo - ubuhlakani, amakhono athuthukile okucabanga, ezempilo nezinye izinto ezifanayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-eugenics ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezi-2:
- Ama-eugenics amahle. Inhloso yawo ukukhulisa inani labantu abanezici ezibalulekile (eziwusizo).
- Ama-eugenics amabi. Umsebenzi wawo ukubhubhisa abantu abahlushwa izifo zengqondo noma zomzimba, noma abangabahlanga "abaphansi".
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ama-eugenics ayethandwa kakhulu e-United States nasemazweni ahlukahlukene aseYurophu, kodwa ngokufika kwamaNazi, le mfundiso yathola umqondo ongemuhle.
Njengoba wazi, kuReich yesithathu, amaNazi abulala inzalo, okungukuthi, abulawa, bonke "abantu abaphansi" - amakhomanisi, abamele izinkambiso ezingezona ezendabuko, ama-gypsies, amaJuda, amaSlav kanye nabantu abagula ngengqondo. Ngalesi sizathu, ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili (1939-1945), ama-eugenics agxekwa kakhulu.
Njalo ngonyaka kwakukhona abaphikisi abaningi ngokwengeziwe bama-eugenics. Ososayensi bathi ifa lezici ezinhle nezimbi aliqondakali kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanokukhubazeka kokuzalwa bangaba nokuhlakanipha okuphezulu futhi babe wusizo emphakathini.
Ngo-2005, amazwe e-European Union asayina i-Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights, evimbela:
- ukubandlulula abantu ngesisekelo samagugu ezakhi zofuzo;
- shintsha ufuzo lomuntu;
- dala imibungu ngezinhloso zesayensi.
Eminyakeni engu-5 ngaphambi kokusayinwa kwesivumelwano, i-EU ithi yamukela umqulu wamalungelo, owawukhuluma ngokwenqatshelwa kwama-eugenics. Namuhla, ama-eugenics aseshintshe ngezinga elithile aba yi-biomedicine kanye ne-genetics.
