UMary I Tudor (1516-1558) - indlovukazi yokuqala yaseNgilandi ethweswe umqhele, indodakazi endala kaHenry 8 noCatherine waseAragon. Eyaziwa nangokuthi iziteketiso UMariya Onegazi (UMary Onegazi) futhi UMaria umKatolika... Ekuhlonipheni kwakhe, akukho ngisho nesikhumbuzo esisodwa esakhiwe ezweni lakubo.
Igama lale ndlovukazi lihlotshaniswa nokubulawa kwabantu ngesihluku nokuchitheka kwegazi. Usuku lokufa kwakhe (futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo usuku lokukhuphukela esihlalweni sobukhosi sika-Elizabeth 1) lwalugujwa kuhulumeni njengeholide lesizwe.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaMary Tudor, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaMary I Tudor.
I-Biography kaMary Tudor
UMary Tudor wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 18, 1516 eGreenwich. Wayengumntwana okwase kuyisikhathi eside elindelwe nabazali bakhe, ngoba zonke izingane zangaphambilini zenkosi yamaNgisi uHenry 8 nomkakhe uCatherine waseAragon bafa esibelethweni, noma ngokushesha nje emva kokuzalwa.
Le ntombazane yahlukaniswa ngokungathí sina nokuziphendulela kwayo, ngenxa yalokho yanaka kakhulu izifundo zayo. Ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo, uMaria walwazi kahle ulimi lwesiGreki nolwesiLatini, futhi wadansa futhi wadlala ihabhu kahle.
Ngesikhathi esemusha, uTudor wayekuthanda ukufunda izincwadi zobuKristu. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, wafunda ukugibela amahhashi kanye no-falconry. Njengoba uMary bekungukuphela kwengane kayise, bekunguye obekufanele adlule esihlalweni sobukhosi.
Ngo-1519, le ntombazane yayingalahlekelwa leli lungelo, ngoba inkosikazi yenkosi, u-Elizabeth Blount, yamzalela indodana, uHenry. Futhi yize umfana azalwa ngaphandle komshado, nokho wayenemvelaphi yobukhosi, ngenxa yalokho wabelwa ithimba futhi wanikezwa iziqu ezihambisanayo.
Indikimba ebusayo
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, inkosi yaqala ukucabanga ngokuthi ngubani okufanele adlulise amandla. Ngenxa yalokho, wanquma ukwenza uMariya iNkosazana yaseWales. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi iWales yayingakabi yingxenye yeNgilandi, kepha yayingaphansi kwakhe.
Ngo-1525, uMary Tudor wazinza esizindeni sakhe esisha, wathatha iqembu elikhulu. Kwakufanele engamele ubulungiswa kanye nokwenziwa kwemicimbi yomkhosi. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engu-9 kuphela ubudala.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, kwaba nezinguquko ezinkulu ezathonya kakhulu i-biography kaTudor. Ngemuva komshado omude, uHenry wachitha ubudlelwano bakhe noCatherine, okwaholela ekutheni uMary abonakale njengendodakazi engekho emthethweni, eyamsongela ngokulahlekelwa yilungelo lakhe lobukhosi.
Kodwa-ke, umlingani owonile akazange avume umshado oyinkohliso. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi inkosi yaqala ukusongela uCatherine futhi yenqabela ukubona indodakazi yakhe. Impilo kaMary yawohloka futhi lapho ubaba wakhe esenabafazi abasha.
Isithandwa sokuqala sikaHenry 8 kwakungu-Anne Boleyn, owazala ingane yakhe yentombazane u-Elizabeth. Kodwa lapho inkosi yathola ngokuhlubuka kuka-Anna, yayala ukuba ibulawe.
Ngemuva kwalokho, wathatha uJane Seymour oguquguqukayo waba ngumkakhe. Nguye owazala indodana yokuqala esemthethweni yomyeni wakhe, wabulawa yizinkinga zangemva kokubeletha.
Amakhosikazi alandelayo ombusi waseNgilandi kwakungu-Anna Klevskaya, uCatherine Howard noCatherine Parr. Ngomfowabo kababa u-Edward owayehlala esihlalweni sobukhosi eneminyaka engu-9, uMary wayesengumbangi wesibili wobukhosi.
Umfana wayengenayo impilo enhle, ngakho-ke ama-regents akhe ayesaba ukuthi uma uMary Tudor eshada, uzoqondisa wonke amandla akhe ukuketula u-Edward. Izisebenzi zajika le nsizwa yamelana nodadewabo, futhi isisusa salokhu kwakuwukuzibophezela kwentombazane ngokweqile kobuKatolika, kanti u-Edward wayengumProthestani.
Ngendlela, kungenxa yalesi sizathu uTudor athola isidlaliso - uMary Katolika. Ngo-1553, u-Edward watholakala enesifo sofuba, lapho afa khona. Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokushona kwakhe, wasayina isimemezelo sokuthi uJane Gray womndeni wakwaTudor waba ngumlandeli wakhe.
Ngenxa yalokho, uMaria nodadewabo kayise, u-Elizabeth, baphucwa ilungelo lomqhele. Kodwa lapho uJane oneminyaka engu-16 eba yinhloko yezwe, wayengasekelwa yizihloko zakhe.
Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ezinsukwini eziyi-9 kuphela wasuswa esihlalweni sobukhosi, futhi indawo yakhe yathathwa nguMary Tudor. Indlovukazi esanda kukhethwa kwakumele ibuse eyinqaba eyalimala kabi ezandleni zangaphambi kwayo, ezaphanga umgcinimafa futhi zacekela ngaphezu kwengxenye yamathempeli.
Ababhali bomlando kaMaria bamchaza njengomuntu ongesihluku. Wayekhuthazwa ukuba abe njalo yizimo ezazidinga izinqumo ezinzima. Phakathi nezinyanga zakhe eziyisithupha zokuqala ephethe, wabulala uJane Gray nezinye zezihlobo zakhe.
Ngasikhathi sinye, indlovukazi ekuqaleni yayifuna ukuxolela bonke abalahliwe, kepha ngemuva kokuhlubuka kwase-Wyatt ngo-1554, yehluleka ukukwenza lokhu. Eminyakeni elandelayo yomlando wakhe, uMaria Tudor wakha ngenkuthalo amasonto nezindela, wenza konke okusemandleni ukuvuselela nokuthuthuka kobuKatolika.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuyalelwa kwakhe, amaProthestani amaningi abulawa. Cishe bangu-300 abantu abashiswe esigxotsheni. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi nalabo abathi, bebhekene nomlilo, bavuma ukuguqukela ebuKhatholini babengenathemba lokuthola umusa.
Ngalesi sizathu nezinye, indlovukazi yaqala ukubizwa - uMary Onegazi noma uMary Onegazi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Abazali bakhetha umkhwenyana kaMaria lapho eneminyaka engu-2 ubudala. UHeinrich uvumile ngokubandakanyeka kwendodakazi yakhe nendodana kaFrancis 1, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isivumelwano sanqanyulwa.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-4, ubaba uphinde axoxisane ngokushada kwentombazane noMbusi Ongcwele waseRoma uCharles 5 waseHabsburg, owayemdala ngeminyaka eyi-16 kunoMary. Kepha kwathi, ngo-1527, inkosi yamaNgisi yabuye yacabanga kabusha ngesimo sayo ngeRoma, ukuzwelana kwayo noCharles kwaphela.
UHenry wazimisela ukushada nendodakazi yakhe komunye wabantu asebukhosini abaseFrance, okungaba nguFrancis 1 noma indodana yakhe.
Kodwa-ke, lapho ubaba enquma ukushiya umama kaMaria, konke kwashintsha. Ngenxa yalokho, le ntombazane yahlala ingashadile kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwenkosi. Ngendlela, ngaleso sikhathi wayeseneminyaka engama-31 ubudala.
Ngo-1554, uTudor washada nenkosi yaseSpain uPhilip 2. Ngokuthakazelisayo, wayemdala ngeminyaka eyi-12 kunokhethiweyo wakhe. Izingane ezikule nyunyana azange zizalwe. Abantu abamthandi uPhilip ngokuziqhenya kwakhe ngokweqile nokuzidla kwakhe.
Ama-retinue eze naye aziphathe ngendlela engafanelekile. Lokhu kwaholela ekuxabaneni okunegazi phakathi kwamaNgisi nabaseSpain emigwaqweni. UFiliphu akazange akufihle ukuthi wayengenayo imizwa ngoMariya.
UmSpanish wayethandwe ngudadewabo womkakhe, u-Elizabeth Tudor. Wayenethemba lokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isihlalo sobukhosi sizodlula kuye, ngenxa yalokho wagcina ubudlelwane obuhle nentombazane.
Ukufa
Ngo-1557 iYurophu yagwinywa umkhuhlane onegciwane owabulala inqwaba yabantu. Ehlobo lonyaka olandelayo, uMaria naye wahlaselwa ngumkhuhlane ngemuva kokubona ukuthi wayengeke akwazi ukusinda.
Indlovukazi yayikhathazekile ngekusasa lombuso, ngakho-ke ayichithanga sikhathi yenza umqulu owaphuca uPhilip amalungelo akhe eNgilandi. Wenza udadewabo u-Elizabeth owalandela esikhundleni sakhe, yize ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo babehlala bexabana.
UMary Tudor ushone ngoNovemba 17, 1558 eneminyaka engama-42. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwakuwumkhuhlane lo wesifazane angazange akwazi ukululama kuwo.
Isithombe nguMary Tudor
