UHermann Wilhelm Goering (1893-1946) - wezepolitiki, isikhulu sikahulumeni kanye nomholi wamasosha waseJalimane lamaNazi, uNgqongqoshe Wezokundiza Wezempi, Reichsmarshal weGreater German Reich, Obergruppenführer SA, Honorary SS Obergruppenführer, General of the Infantry and General of the Land Police.
Udlale indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kweLuftwaffe - i-German Air Force, eyayihola kusukela ngo-1939-1945.
IGoering ibingomunye wabantu ababenethonya elikhulu eMbusweni Wesithathu. Esinqumweni sikaJuni sango-1941, wabizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi "owalandela uFuehrer."
Ekupheleni kwempi, lapho ukuthunjwa kweReichstag kwase kungagwemeki, futhi impi yamandla yaqala kuma-elite amaNazi, ngo-Ephreli 23, 1945, ngokomyalo kaHitler, uGoering waphucwa zonke izikhundla nezikhala.
Ngokwesinqumo seNkantolo eNuremberg, wahlonishwa njengesinye sezigebengu ezibalulekile zempi. Egwetshelwe ukufa ngokulengiswa, nokho, ngobusuku bangaphambi kokubulawa kwakhe, wakwazi ukuzibulala.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaGoering, esizokhuluma ngawo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaHermann Goering.
I-biography kaGoering
UHermann Goering wazalwa ngoJanuwari 12, 1893 edolobheni laseBavaria iRosenheim. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini kaMbusi-Jikelele u-Ernst Heinrich Goering, owayezwana no-Otto von Bismarck uqobo.
UHermann wayengowesine ezinganeni ezi-5, evela kunkosikazi wesibili kaHeinrich, owesifazane ongumlimi uFranziska Tiefenbrunn.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Umndeni wakwaGoering wawuhlala endlini kadokotela ocebile ongumJuda nosomabhizinisi uHermann von Epenstein, isithandwa sikaFrancis.
Njengoba ubaba kaHermann Goering efinyelele ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu emkhakheni wezempi, umfana waba nesithakazelo ezindabeni zempi.
Lapho eneminyaka engaba ngu-11 ubudala, abazali bakhe bathumela indodana yabo esikoleni okuhlalwa kuso, lapho kwakudingeka khona isiyalo esiqine kakhulu kubafundi.
Ngokushesha le nsizwa yanquma ukweqa esikhungweni semfundo. Ekhaya, wayezenza sengathi uyagula kuze kube yisikhathi lapho ubaba wakhe emvumela khona ukuthi angabuyeli esikoleni okuhlalwa kuso. Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-biographies, i-Goering ayeyithanda imidlalo yempi, futhi futhi acwaninga izinganekwane zama-Teutonic knights.
Kamuva, uHermann wafundiswa ezikoleni zamakhemikhali eKarlsruhe naseBerlin, lapho aphumelela khona ngeziqu zeLichterfelde Military Academy. Ngo-1912, lo mfana wabelwa ebuthweni elihamba ngezinyawo, lapho aphakama khona esikhundleni se-lieutenant eminyakeni embalwa kamuva.
Ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (1914-1918) UGoering walwa neWestern Front. Ngokushesha wafaka isicelo sokudluliselwa eMbuthweni Wezindiza WaseJalimane, ngenxa yalokho wabelwa ku-25th Aviation Detachment.
Ekuqaleni, Herman endiza izindiza njengoba umshayeli ukuhlonishwa, kodwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa wabekwa fighter. Uzibonakalise engumshayeli onekhono futhi onesibindi odubule izindiza eziningi zezitha. Phakathi nenkonzo yakhe, i-ace yaseJalimane yabhubhisa izindiza zezitha ezingama-22, lapho zanikezwa khona i-Iron Cross yebanga lokuqala nelesi-2.
IGoering yaqeda impi ngesikhundla sokaputeni. Njengomshayeli webanga lokuqala, wamenywa ephindelela ukuba abambe iqhaza ekuboniseni izindiza emazweni aseScandinavia. Ngo-1922, lo mfana wangena eNyuvesi yaseMunich eMnyangweni Wezesayensi Yezepolitiki.
Umsebenzi wezepolitiki
Ekupheleni kuka-1922 kwenzeka isenzakalo esibalulekile ku-biography kaHermann Goering. Wahlangana no-Adolf Hitler, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho wajoyina iqembu lamaNazi.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, uHitler waqoka umshayeli wendiza njengomkhuzi omkhulu weStorm Troops (SA). Ngokushesha Herman wabamba iqhaza edumile Beer Putsch, ababambiqhaza ababefuna ukwenza coup.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-putch yacindezelwa ngonya, futhi amaNazi amaningi aboshwa, kuhlanganise noHitler. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngesikhathi sokucindezelwa kwalolu dlame, uGoering wathola amanxeba amabili ezinhlamvu emlenzeni wakhe wangakwesokudla. Enye yezinhlamvu ishaye okhalweni lwami yangenwa yigciwane.
Abangane bahudulela uHerman komunye walezi zindlu, umnikazi wazo okungumJuda uRobert Ballin. Wabopha amanxeba obuNazi obophayo futhi wamnikeza nesiphephelo. Kamuva, uGoering, njengesibonakaliso sokubonga, uzokhulula uRobert nomkakhe ekamu lokuhlushwa.
Ngaleso sikhathi, i-biography yendoda leyo yaphoqeleka ukuthi icashe ukuze ingaboshwa phesheya. Wahlushwa ubuhlungu obukhulu, ngenxa yalokho waqala ukusebenzisa i-morphine, eyathinta kabi ingqondo yakhe.
UHermann Goering ubuyele ekhaya ngemuva kokumenyezelwa kukashwele ngo-1927, eqhubeka nokusebenza embonini yezindiza. Ngaleso sikhathi, iqembu lamaNazi lalinokwesekwa okuncane kwabantu bakuleli, lithatha izihlalo eziyi-12 kuphela kweziyi-491 eReichstag. UGoering wakhethwa ukuthi amele iBavaria.
Ngokumelene nesizinda senhlekelele yezomnotho, amaJalimane ayengenelisekile ngomsebenzi kahulumeni okhona manje. Kakhulu ngenxa yalokhu, ngo-1932 abantu abaningi bavotela amaNazi okhethweni, yingakho bathole izihlalo ezingama-230 ephalamende.
Ehlobo lonyaka ofanayo, uHermann Goering wakhethwa njengoSihlalo weReichstag. Wabamba lesi sikhundla kwaze kwaba ngu-1945. NgoFebhuwari 27, 1933, ukushiswa kwendlu okwedume kabi kweReichstag kwenzeka, okusolwa ukuthi kwashiswa amakhomanisi. AmaNazi ayalele ukuthi kuhlaselwe ngokushesha amakhomanisi, efuna aboshwe noma abulawe khona lapho.
Ngo-1933, lapho uHitler esevele ethathe isikhundla sokuba yiKhansela waseJalimane, uGoering waba nguNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi WasePrussia kanye neKhomishani Yezokundiza Yezwe. Ngawo lowo nyaka, wasungula amaphoyisa omshoshaphansi - iGestapo, waphinde wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba ukaputeni waba yinsizwa ejwayelekile.
Maphakathi no-1934, owesilisa othile wayalela ukuthi kususwe amasosha angama-85 aseNingizimu Afrika abamba iqhaza emzameni wokuzama ukuvukela umbuso. Ukudutshulwa kwabantu ngokungemthetho kwenzeke ngesikhathi esabizwa nge- "Night of the Long Knives", esenzeke ngoJuni 30 kuya kuJulayi 2.
Ngaleso sikhathi, i-fascist Germany, yize yayenze isivumelwano seVersailles, yaqala impi. Ngokuyinhloko, uHerman wayebandakanyeke ngasese ekuvuselelweni kwezindiza zaseJalimane - iLuftwaffe. Ngo-1939, uHitler wamemezela obala ukuthi kwakwakhiwa izindiza zamasosha nezinye izinto ezisindayo ezweni lakhe.
UGoering waqokwa njengoNgqongqoshe Wezokundiza Wombuso Wesithathu. Ngokushesha kwaqalwa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kombuso "uHermann Goering Werke", okwatholakala kuye amafemu amaningi kanye namafemu athathwe amaJuda.
Ngo-1938, uHerman wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba yi-Field Marshal of Aviation. Ngawo lowo nyaka, wadlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaneni (Anschluss) yase-Austria neJalimane. Ngokudlula kwenyanga ngayinye, uHitler, kanye nabazingeli bakhe, bathola ithonya elikhulayo ezingeni lomhlaba.
Amazwe amaningi ase-Yurobhu alikufulathele iqiniso lokuthi iJalimane yephule obala imigomo yeSivumelwano SaseVersailles. Njengoba isikhathi sizobonisa, lokhu kungekudala kuzoholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele futhi empeleni naseMpini Yezwe Yesibili (1939-1945).
Impi Yesibili Yomhlaba
Impi eyayichitha igazi elikhulu emlandweni wesintu yaqala ngoSepthemba 1, 1939, lapho amaNazi ehlasela iPoland. Ngosuku olufanayo, uFuehrer waqoka uGoering ukuthi angene esikhundleni sakhe.
Emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, uHermann Goering wanikezwa i-Knightly Order ye-Iron Cross. Uthole lo mklomelo wokuhlonishwa ngenxa yomkhankaso owenziwe kahle wasePoland, lapho iLuftwaffe yadlala khona indima enkulu. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi akekho eJalimane owayenomklomelo onje.
Ikakhulukazi kuye, kwaqalwa isikhundla esisha sikaReichsmarshal, ngenxa yokuthi waba yisosha eliphakeme kakhulu ezweni kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi.
Izindiza zaseJalimane zakhombisa amandla amnandi ngaphambi kokusebenza eGreat Britain, okwamelana ngesibindi nokuqhuma okukhulu kwamaNazi. Futhi ngokushesha ukunyamalala kokuqala kweJalimane ngaphezu kweSoviet Air Force kwanyamalala ngokuphelele.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uGoering wayesesayine umqulu "wesinqumo sokugcina", ngokusho ukuthi amaJuda angaba yizigidi ezingama-20 aqothulwa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi emuva ngonyaka we-1942 inhloko yeLuftwaffe yabelana nomakhi wezakhiwo zikaHitler, u-Albert Speer, ukuthi akazange akuvumele ukulahleka kwamaJalimane empini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndoda yavuma ukuthi kuzoba yimpumelelo enkulu ukuthi iJalimane igcine imingcele yayo, ingasaphathwa eyokunqoba.
Ngo-1943, isithunzi sikaReichsmarschall sazanyazanyiswa. ILuftwaffe ibiya ngokuya ilahlekelwa yimpi yomoya nesitha, futhi ihlupheke ngokulahleka kwabasebenzi. Futhi yize uFuehrer engamsusanga uHermann esikhundleni sakhe, wamukelwa kancane engqungqutheleni.
Lapho uGoering eqala ukungasamethembi uHitler, waqala ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ezindaweni zakhe zikanokusho. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wayengungqondongqondo wobuciko, ngenxa yalokho waqoqa iqoqo elikhulu lemidwebo, izinto zakudala, ubucwebe nezinye izinto eziyigugu.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iJalimane yayisondela futhi isondela ekuweni kwayo. Ibutho laseJalimane lahlulwa cishe kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ngo-Ephreli 23, 1945, uGoering, ngemuva kwengxoxo namaqabane akhe, waphendukela kuFuehrer emsakazweni, emcela ukuthi azithathele amandla ezandleni zakhe, njengoba uHitler ayesesulile kuye.
Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, uHermann Goering wezwa ukwenqaba kukaHitler ukuhambisana nesicelo sakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uFuhrer wamphuca zonke iziqu nemiklomelo, futhi wayala nokuthi kuboshwe uReichsmarshal.
UMartin Bormann umemezele emsakazweni ukuthi uGoering umisiwe ngenxa yezempilo. Encwadini yakhe yefa, u-Adolf Hitler wamemezela ukuxoshwa kukaHermann eqenjini kanye nokusulwa komyalelo wokumqoka esikhundleni sakhe.
AmaNazi akhululwa ejele ezinsukwini ezine ngaphambi kokubanjwa kweBerlin ngamasosha aseSoviet. NgoMeyi 6, 1945, lowo owayenguReichsmarschall wazinikela kwabaseMelika.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ekuqaleni kuka-1922, uGoering wahlangana noKarin von Kantsov, owavuma ukushiya umyeni wakhe ngenxa yakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesenendodana encane.
Ekuqaleni, lo mbhangqwana wayehlala eBavaria, okwathi ngemva kwalokho bahlala eMunich. Lapho uHerman eba umlutha we-morphine, kwadingeka abekwe esibhedlela sabaphazamisekile engqondweni. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi wakhombisa ulaka olunamandla kangangokuba odokotela bayalela ukuthi kugcinwe isiguli esitokisini.
Kanye noKarin Göring baphila cishe iminyaka eyi-9, kwaze kwaba sekufeni komkakhe ekwindla ka-1931. Ngemuva kwalokho, umshayeli wendiza wahlangana nomlingisi u-Emmy Sonnenmann, owashada naye ngo-1935. Kamuva, lo mbhangqwana waba nentombazane egama lingu-Edda.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umshado wabo ubuhanjelwe ngu-Adolf Hitler, owayengufakazi ohlangothini lomkhwenyana.
Izilingo zaseNuremberg nokufa
IGoering kwakuyisikhulu sesibili esibaluleke kunazo zonke samaNazi ukuqulwa eNuremberg. Ubekwe amacala amaningi abucayi abhekiswe esintwini.
Ngesikhathi kuqulwa icala, uHerman ukuphikile konke ukumangalelwa kwakhe, ngobuchule evikela noma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi kwethulwa ubufakazi ngezithombe namavidiyo ezinhlobonhlobo zonya zamaNazi, abahluleli bagweba umJalimane ngokubulawa ngokulengiswa.
UGoering wayefuna ukuthi adutshulwe, ngoba ukufa esigxotsheni kwakubhekwa njengelihlazo esosheni. Kodwa-ke inkantolo yasichitha isicelo sakhe.
Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokubulawa, umFascist wagcinwa ezitokisini yedwa. Ngobusuku bango-Okthoba 15, 1946, uHermann Goering wazibulala ngokuluma nge-cyanide capsule. Ababhali bakhe bezindaba zezinto eziphilayo namanje abazi ukuthi walithola kanjani leli philisi lobuthi. Isidumbu sesinye sezigebengu ezinkulu emlandweni wesintu sashiswa, ngemuva kwalokho umlotha wasakazeka osebeni loMfula i-Isar.