UJohann Strauss

UJohann Baptiste Strauss 2 (1825-1899) - Umqambi wezingoma wase-Austria, umqhubi we-violinist, owaziwa ngokuthi "inkosi ye-waltz", umbhali wezingcezu zomdanso eziningi nama-opereta amaningi athandwayo.

Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaStrauss, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.

Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaJohann Strauss.

IStrauss biography

UJohann Strauss wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 25, 1825 eVienna, inhloko-dolobha yase-Austria. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini womqambi wezingoma odumile uJohann Strauss Sr. nomkakhe u-Anna.

Le "waltz king" yayinabafowabo abayi-2 - uJoseph no-Edward, nabo ababa ngabaqambi bomculo abadumile.

Ubuntwana nentsha

UJohann uthathe umculo esemncane. Ebuka ukuzilolonga kukayise isikhathi eside, lo mfana naye wayefuna ukuba ngumculi odumile.

Kodwa-ke, inhloko yomndeni yayiphikisana ngokuphelele nanoma yimaphi amadodana alandela ezinyathelweni zakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, wakhuthaza uJohann ukuba asebenze ebhange. Ngalesi sizathu, lapho uStrauss Sr. ebona ingane ephethe i-violin ezandleni zakhe, wavutha ngolaka.

Kuphela ngenxa yemizamo kanina, uJohann wakwazi ukufunda ngasese ukudlala i-violin kuyise. Kunecala elaziwayo lapho inhloko yomndeni, ithukuthele igane unwabu, ishaya ingane, ithi "izowushaya umculo uphume kuye" unomphela. Ngokushesha wathumela indodana yakhe e-Higher Commercial School, futhi kusihlwa wamenza wasebenza njenge-accountant.

Lapho uStrauss cishe eneminyaka eyi-19, waphothula izifundo zakhe zomculo kothisha abangochwepheshe. Ngemuva kwalokho othisha bamthembisa ukuthi uzothenga ilayisense elifanele.

Ifika ekhaya, le nsizwa itshele umama wayo ukuthi ihlela ukufaka isicelo selayisense kumantshi, inikeze ilungelo lokudlala i-orchestra. Owesifazane, wesaba ukuthi umyeni wakhe uzokwenqabela uJohann ukufeza inhloso yakhe, wanquma ukumhlukanisa. Uphawule ngesehlukaniso sakhe ngokukhashelwa okuphindaphindiwe komyeni wakhe, obekuyiqiniso impela.

Ngokuziphindiselela, uStrauss Sr. waphuca zonke izingane ezazalwa u-Anna ifa. Wabhalela yonke inotho yakhe izingane zakhe ezingekho emthethweni, ezazizalelwa yinkosikazi yakhe u-Emilia Trumbush.

Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlukana no-Anna, le ndoda yasayina ngokusemthethweni no-Emilia. Ngaleso sikhathi, base benabantwana abayisikhombisa.

Ngemuva kokuthi ubaba wakhe eshiye umndeni, ekugcineni uJohann Strauss Jr. wakwazi ukugxila ngokuphelele emculweni. Ngenkathi kuqubuka udlame lwezinguquko ezweni ngawo-1840, wajoyina iHabsburgs, wabhala uMashi Wabavukeli (Marseillaise Vienna).

Ngemuva kokucindezelwa kokuvukela umbuso, uJohann waboshwa waquliswa icala. Kodwa-ke, inkantolo yanquma ukumkhulula lo mfana. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ubaba wakhe, kunalokho, wasekela ubukhosi ngokuqamba "uMashi kaRadetzky".

Futhi yize kwakukhona ubudlelwane obunzima kakhulu phakathi kwendodana nobaba, uStrauss Jr. wayehlonipha umzali wakhe. Ngenkathi ebulawa umkhuhlane obomvu ngo-1849, uJohann wabhala i-waltz "Aeolian Sonata" emhlonipha, futhi kamuva washicilela iqoqo lemisebenzi kayise ngezindleko zakhe.

Umculo

Lapho eneminyaka engu-19, uJohann Strauss wakwazi ukuhlanganisa iqembu lomculo wezinsimbi elincane, ayedlala nalo ngempumelelo kwelinye lamakhasino enhlokodolobha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lapho ezwa ngalokhu, uStrauss Sr. waqala ukufaka inkulumo emasondweni endodana yakhe.

Le ndoda isebenzise konke ukuxhumana kwayo ukuvimbela indodana yayo ukuthi idlale ezindaweni ezihlonishwayo, kubandakanya namabhola asenkantolo. Kepha, naphezu kwemizamo kababa onethalente likaStrauss Jr., waqokwa waba ngumqhubi we-orchestra yezempi yebutho lesibili lamasosha omphakathi (ubaba wakhe wayeqondisa i-orchestra yebutho lokuqala).

Ngemuva kokushona kukaJohann the Elder, uStrauss, ehlanganise ama-orchestra, waya e-Austria nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Nomaphi lapho ayedlala khona, izethameli zazihlale zimnika ihlombe.

Ngomzamo wokunqoba u-Emperor Franz Joseph 1, lo mculi wanikezela amamashi ama-2 kuye. Ngokungafani noyise, uStrauss wayengeyena umuntu onomona futhi oqhoshayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, wasiza abazalwane ukuba bakhe umsebenzi wokucula ngokubathumela ukuba bayonandisa emicimbini ethile.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uma uJohann Strauss esho le nkulumo elandelayo: "Abafowethu banamakhono kakhulu kunami, ngithandwa kakhulu nje". Wayephiwe kangangokuthi ngamazwi akhe umculo "wawuthululela kuye njengamanzi ompompi."

UStrauss uthathwa njengokhokho we-Viennese waltz, equkethe isingeniso, izakhiwo ezingama-4-5 zomculo nesiphetho. Eminyakeni eminingi yobuciko bakhe bokudala, waqamba ama-waltzes ayi-168, amaningi awo asenziwa ezindaweni ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni.

Isikhathi esihle sobuciko bomqambi safika ekuqaleni kuka-1860-1870. Ngaleso sikhathi wabhala ama-waltz akhe amahle kakhulu, kufaka phakathi i-On the Blue Blue Danube namaTales avela eVienna Woods. Kamuva unquma ukuyeka imisebenzi yakhe yasenkantolo, anikeze umfowabo omncane u-Edward.

Ngawo-1870s, abase-Austrian bahambela kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi enza umdlalo wakhe eBoston Festival, waqopha umlando ngokwazi ukuqhuba i-orchestra, isibalo sayo esasidlula abaculi abayi-1000!

Ngaleso sikhathi, uStrauss wayethathwa ngama-opereta, wabuye waba ngumsunguli wohlobo oluhlukile lwasendulo. Kuyo yonke iminyaka yomlando wakhe, uJohann Strauss wadala imisebenzi engama-496:

ama-waltzes - 168;
izingongolo - 117;
umdanso wesikwele - 73;
amamashi - 43;
mazurkas - 31;
ama-opereta - 15;
I-opera yamahlaya engu-1 ne-ballet engu-1.

Umqambi wakwazi ukukhuphula umculo womdanso ezindaweni eziphakeme ze-symphonic ngendlela emangalisayo.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

UJohann Strauss wahambela iRussia amasizini ayishumi. Kuleli lizwe wahlangana no-Olga Smirnitskaya, owaqala ukumnakekela futhi wafuna isandla sakhe.

Kodwa-ke, abazali bentombazane babengafuni ukushada indodakazi yabo nomuntu wangaphandle. Kamuva, lapho uJohann ethola ukuthi othandekayo wakhe wayesengunkosikazi wesikhulu saseRussia u-Alexander Lozinsky, washada nomculi we-opera u-Yetti Chalupetskaya.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngesikhathi behlangana, uKhalupetskaya wayesenezingane eziyisikhombisa ezivela emadodeni ahlukene awazala ngaphandle komshado. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lona wesifazane wayemdala ngeminyaka engu-7 kunomyeni wakhe.

Noma kunjalo, lo mshado waba ngowenjabulo. U-Yetty wayengunkosikazi oqotho nomngani weqiniso, ngenxa yalokho uStrauss akwazi ukuqhubeka ngokuphepha nomsebenzi wakhe.

Ngemuva kokushona kukaChalupetskaya ngo-1878, umuntu wase-Austrian washada nomculi osemusha waseJalimane u-Angelica Dietrich. Lo mshado uthathe iminyaka engu-5, ngemuva kwalokho lo mbhangqwana wanquma ukuhamba. Ngemuva kwalokho uJohann Strauss wehla ngendlela yesithathu.

Othandekayo omusha womqambi kwakunguJessess Adele Deutsch ongumfelokazi, owayekade engunkosikazi webhange. Ngenxa yomkakhe, le ndoda yavuma ukuguqukela kolunye ukholo, ishiya ubuKhatholika yakhetha ubuProthestani, yabuye yamukela ubuzwe baseJalimane.

Yize uStrauss wayeshade kathathu, akekho kubo owayenezingane.

Ukufa

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uJohann Strauss wenqaba ukuvakasha futhi cishe akazange ashiye ikhaya lakhe. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokugubha iminyaka engama-25 ye-operetta The Bat, wancengwa ukuba aqhube i-orchestra.

Le ndoda yashisa kakhulu yaze yabanjwa umkhuhlane omkhulu endleleni eya ekhaya. Ngokushesha, amakhaza aphenduka inyumoniya, lapho umqambi omkhulu afa khona. UJohann Strauss ushone ngoJuni 3, 1899 eneminyaka engama-73.