UMartin Bormann (1900-1945) - Isikhulu sezombusazwe saseJalimane nosopolitiki, inhloko yeNSDAP Party Chancellery, unobhala kaHitler (1943-1945), oyiChief of Staff of the Deputy Fuhrer (1933-1941) noReichsleiter (1933-1945).
Njengoba cishe ayengafundile, waba ngumngane osondelene kakhulu noFuhrer, ngenxa yalokho wathola iziteketiso "umthunzi kaHitler" kanye "nokhadinali ompunga woMbuso Wesithathu."
Ekupheleni kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, wayesethole ithonya elikhulu njengonobhala uqobo, elawula ukuhamba kolwazi nokufinyelela kuHitler.
UBormann wayengomunye wabaqali bokushushiswa kwamaKrestu, amaJuda kanye namaSlav. Ngobugebengu obuningi obukhulu obubhekiswe esintwini eNuremberg Trials, wagwetshwa ngokungabulawa ngokulengiswa.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-Bormann's biography, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaMartin Bormann.
Umlando kaBormann
UMartin Bormann wazalwa ngoJuni 17, 1900 edolobheni laseJalimane i-Wegeleben. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini wamaLuthela uTheodor Bormann, owayesebenza eposini, kanye nonkosikazi wakhe, u-Antonia Bernhardina Mennong.
Ngaphezu kukaMartin, abazali bakhe babenenye indodana, u-Albert. AmaNazi futhi abenomfowabo omncane nodadewabo abavela emshadweni kayise wangaphambilini.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Inhlekelele yokuqala ku-biography kaMartin Bormann yenzeke eneminyaka engu-3 lapho ubaba wakhe edlula emhlabeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, umama waphinde washada nebhange elincane. Kamuva, umfana waqala ukufundela ukulima kwelinye lamafa.
Maphakathi no-1918, uMartin wabizelwa ukuyosebenza ebuthweni lezikhali. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wayengekho ngaphambili, sonke isikhathi esahlala endaweni yamasosha.
Ebuyela ekhaya, uBormann wasebenza isikhashana esigayweni, ngemuva kwalokho waba nepulazi elikhulu. Ngokushesha wajoyina inhlangano elwa namaSemite amalungu ayo ayengabalimi. Ngenkathi ukwehla kwamandla emali nokusweleka kwemisebenzi kuqala ezweni, amasimu abalimi aqala ukuphangwa njalo.
Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi eJalimane kwaqala ukwakheka amaqembu akhethekile kaFreikor, aqapha impahla yabalimi. Ngo-1922 uMartin wajoyina lolu phiko, lapho aqokwa khona ukuba ngumkhuzi nomgcinimafa.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, uBormann wasiza umngani wakhe ukubulala uthisha wesikole, izigebengu ezazisola ngokuthi ziyizinhloli. Ngalokhu wagwetshwa unyaka ejele, ngemuva kwalokho wadedelwa ngoshwele.
Umsebenzi
Ngokushesha nje lapho uMartin Bormann ejoyina iqembu lamaNazi ngo-1927, wathatha umsebenzi ephephandabeni le-propaganda njengonobhala wezindaba. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokushoda kwethalente lezingoma, wanquma ukushiya ubuntatheli enze izindaba zomnotho.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, uBormann wazinza eMunich, lapho aqala khona ukusebenza e-Assault Division (SA). Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, washiya isikhundla seNingizimu Afrika wayokwakha "i-Nazi Party Mutual Aid Fund" ayisungula.
UMartin wethule uhlelo lapho wonke amalungu eqembu ayedingeka khona ukuthi anikele kulesi sikhwama. Imali etholakele yenzelwe amalungu eqembu abalimele noma ashonele emzabalazweni wokuthuthukisa ubuNazi. Ngaso leso sikhathi uxazulule izinkinga zabasebenzi futhi wadala nezimoto zezimoto, inhloso yazo kwakuwukuhlinzeka amalungu e-NSDAP ngezokuthutha.
Lapho amaNazi eqala ukubusa ngo-1933, uBormann wanikezwa isikhundla sokuba yi-Chief of Staff of Deputy Fuhrer Rudolf Hess nonobhala wakhe. Ngenkonzo yakhe enhle wakhushulelwa esigabeni sikaReichsleiter.
Kamuva, uHitler wasondelana kakhulu noMartin kangangokuba owokugcina waqala ukwenza imisebenzi kanobhala wakhe. Ekuqaleni kuka-1937, Bormann waklonyeliswa isihloko SS Gruppenfuehrer, mayelana lapho ithonya lakhe eJalimane waba mkhulu nakakhulu.
Noma nini lapho uFuehrer enza noma imuphi umyalelo ngomlomo, wayevame ukuwadlulisa ngoMartin Bormann. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho othile ewela ehlazweni "lokuphakama okumpunga", empeleni wayencishwa ukufinyelela kuHitler.
Ngobuqili bakhe, uBormann wakhawulela amandla kaGoebbels, Goering, Himmler nabanye abantu abadumile. Ngakho-ke, wayenezitha eziningi, azenyanya.
Ngo-1941, inhloko ye-Third Reich yamisa uMartin ukuthi ahole i-Party Chancellery, eyayingaphansi kukaHitler kuphela hhayi omunye umuntu. Ngakho-ke, uBormann wathola amandla cishe angenamkhawulo, okhula njalo ngonyaka.
Le ndoda yayihlala iseduze noFuhrer, ngenxa yalokho uMartin aqala ukumbiza ngokuthi "isithunzi". Lapho uHitler eqala ukushushisa amakholwa, uBormann wamsekela ngokuphelele kulokhu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, wacela ukuthi kubhujiswe wonke amathempeli nezinsalela zezenkolo. Wabuzonda kakhulu ubuKrestu, okwabangela ukuthi abapristi abaningi badingiselwe emakamu okuhlushwa.
Ngasikhathi sinye, uBormann walwa ngawo wonke amandla akhe elwa namaJuda, emukela ukuvalwa kwawo emakamelweni kagesi. Ngakho-ke, wayengomunye wabenzi bokuQothulwa Kwesizwe, lapho kwafa khona amaJuda angaba yizigidi eziyisithupha.
NgoJanuwari 1945, uMartin kanye noHitler bahlala kule ndlu engaphansi. Wayezinikele kuFuhrer kuze kube usuku lokugcina, enza yonke imiyalo yakhe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Lapho uBormann eneminyaka engu-29 ubudala, washada noGerda Buch, owayemncane ngeminyaka eyishumi kunomuntu amkhethile. Le ntombazane kwakuyindodakazi kaWalter Buch, usihlalo weNkantolo Ephakeme Yeqembu.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi u-Adolf Hitler noRudolf Hess babengofakazi emshadweni wabasanda kushada.
UGerda wayemthanda ngempela uMartin, owayevame ukumkhohlisa futhi angazami nokuzama ukukufihla. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi eqala ukuthandana nomlingisi uManya Behrens, wazisa obala umkakhe ngakho, futhi wameluleka ukuthi enzeni.
Lokhu kuziphatha okungajwayelekile kwentombazane kwakudalwa kakhulu ukuthi ikhuthaza isithembu. Ngesikhathi impi ishuba, uGerda wakhuthaza amaJalimane ukuthi angene emishadweni eminingana ngasikhathi sinye.
Umndeni waseBorman wawunezingane eziyi-10, eyodwa yazo yafa isencane. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi izibulo labashadikazi, uMartin Adolf, kamuva waba ngumpristi wamaKatolika nesithunywa sevangeli.
Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli 1945, unkosikazi kaBormann nezingane zakhe babalekela e-Italy, lapho ngemuva konyaka wabulawa ngumdlavuza. Ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, izingane zakhuliswa ekhaya lezintandane.
Ukufa
Abalobi bezindaba zikaMartin Bormann namanje abakavumelani ngokuthi amaNazi ashone kuphi futhi nini. Ngemuva kokuzibulala kukaFuhrer, yena kanye nabalingani bakhe abathathu, bazama ukweqa eJalimane.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, iqembu lahlukana. Ngemuva kwalokho, uBormann, ephelezelwa nguStumpfegger, wazama ukuwela uMfula iSpree, ecasha ngemuva kwethangi laseJalimane. Ngenxa yalokho, amasosha aseRussia aqala ukudubula ethangini, ngenxa yalokho amaJalimane abhujiswa.
Kamuva, izidumbu zamaNazi abalekayo zatholakala ogwini, ngaphandle kwesidumbu sikaMartin Bormann. Ngalesi sizathu, izinhlobo eziningi zivele ngokuya ngokuthi "ukhadinali ompunga woMbuso Wesithathu" wayebhekwa njengosindile.
Isikhulu sezobunhloli saseBrithani uChristopher Creighton sathi uBormann washintsha indlela abukeka ngayo wabalekela eParaguay, lapho afela khona ngo-1959. Inhloko yeFederal Intelligence Service nowayengumphathi wezobunhloli wamaNazi uReinhard Gehlen waqinisekisa ukuthi uMartin wayengummeli waseRussia futhi ngemuva kwempi waya eMoscow.
Kwabekwa nezinkolelo-mbono zokuthi le ndoda ibicashe e-Argentina, Spain, Chile nakwamanye amazwe. Ngokulandelayo, umbhali onegunya waseHungary uLadislas Faragodazhe wavuma obala ukuthi wakhuluma noBormann eBolivia ngo-1973.
Ngesikhathi sokuqulwa kwecala laseNuremberg, amajaji, engenakho ubufakazi obanele bokufa kwamaNazi, amgweba ngokufa ngokungabikho. Izinsizakalo zezobunhloli ezihamba phambili emhlabeni zazifuna uMartin Bormann, kepha akekho noyedwa kubo owathola impumelelo.
Ngo-1971, iziphathimandla ze-FRG zamemezela ukuqedwa kokufunwa "kwesithunzi sikaHitler". Kodwa-ke, ngemuva konyaka kwatholakala izinsalela zabantu okwakungaba ezikaBormann noStumpfegger.
Ngemuva kocwaningo olunzulu, kubandakanya nokwakhiwa kabusha kobuso, ochwepheshe baphetha ngokuthi lawa kwakuyizinsalela zikaBormann nozakwabo. Ngo-1998 kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA, okwagcina kususe ukungabaza ukuthi izidumbu ezitholakale ezikaBormann noStumpfegger.
Izithombe zeBormann
