UMikhail Vasilievich Petrashevsky (1821-1866) - USolwazi onengqondo nowaziwayo emphakathini, usopolitiki, usolimi, umhumushi nentatheli.
Wabamba iqhaza emihlanganweni enikelwe inhlangano yomphakathi oyimfihlo, wayengumsekeli wokulungiselelwa kwesixuku sesikhathi eside somzabalazo wenguquko. Ngo-1849, uPetrashevsky nabantu abambalwa ababehambisana naye baboshwa.
UPetrashevsky nabanye abangu-20 bagwetshwe intambo yinkantolo. Phakathi kwalaba bantu abangama-20 kwakukhona umbhali omkhulu waseRussia uFyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, owayeyilungu lombuthano wePetrashevsky.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaPetrashevsky, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaMikhail Petrashevsky.
Biography Petrashevsky
UMikhail Petrashevsky wazalwa ngoNovemba 1 (13), 1821 eSt. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini kadokotela wezempi kanye nekhansela lombuso uVasily Mikhailovich, nomkakhe uFeodora Dmitrievna.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi uPetrashevsky Sr. wayebandakanyekile enhlanganweni yezibhedlela zekholera nokulwa ne-anthrax. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungumbhali womsebenzi wezokwelapha osihloko sithi "Incazelo yomshini wokuhlinza wokumisa kabusha iminwe esusiwe."
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi lapho uGeneral Mikhail Miloradovich alimala kabi eSenate Square nguDecembrist ngo-1825, kwakungubaba kaPetrashevsky owabizelwa ukuzonikeza usizo.
Lapho uMikhail eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala, wathola iziqu e-Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Wabe eseqhubeka nemfundo yakhe eSt. Petersburg University, ekhetha i-Faculty of Law. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili yokuqeqeshwa, le nsizwa yaqala ukusebenza njengotolika eMnyangweni Wezangaphandle.
UPetrashevsky wabamba iqhaza ekushicilelweni kwe- "Pocket Dictionary yamagama angaphandle ayingxenye yolimi lwaseRussia". Futhi uma umagazini wokuqala wencwadi uhlelwe nguValeria Maikov, umgxeki wezincwadi waseRussia nommeli womphakathi, uMikhail kuphela owayengumhleli wenkinga yesibili.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPetrashevsky waba umbhali wenqwaba yemisebenzi yethiyori. Izindatshana ezikulesi sichazamazwi zithuthukise imibono yentando yeningi kanye nokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nemibono yobusoshiyali besintu.
Petrashevsky isiyingi
Maphakathi nawo-1840s, imihlangano yayiqhutshwa njalo ngesonto endlini kaMikhail Vasilyevich, eyayibizwa ngokuthi "uLwesihlanu". Phakathi nale mihlangano bekudingidwa izihloko ezahlukahlukene.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kulabhulali yomuntu siqu kaPetrashevsky kunezincwadi eziningi ezivinjelwe eRussia kubusoshiyali bezwe kanye nomlando wokunyakaza kwabavukeli. Wayengumsekeli wentando yeningi futhi ephinde wakhuthaza ukukhululwa kwabalimi ngeziza zomhlaba.
UMikhail Petrashevsky wayengumlandeli wesazi sefilosofi saseFrance kanye nesazi sezenhlalo uCharles Fourier. Ngale ndlela, uFourier wayengomunye wabamele ubusoshiyali bezwe, kanye nombhali womqondo onjengokuthi "ubufazi".
Lapho uPetrashevsky eneminyaka engaba ngu-27 ubudala, wabamba iqhaza emihlanganweni lapho kwakhulunywa khona ngokwakhiwa komphakathi oyimfihlo. Ngesikhathi se-biography yakhe, wayenakho ukuqonda kwakhe ukuthi iRussia kufanele ikhule kanjani.
Ukuboshwa nokudingiswa
UMichael ubizele abantu emzabalazweni wenguquko wokulwa nohulumeni okhona manje. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ngoDisemba 22, 1849 waboshwa kanye nabantu abambalwa abanomqondo ofanayo. Ngenxa yalokho, inkantolo igwebe uPetrashevsky nabanye abaguquleli abangaba ngu-20 ngokubulawa.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi phakathi kwalabo ababenikezwe isigwebo sentambo kwakukhona umbhali osemusha odumile waseRussia uFyodor Dostoevsky, owayenemibono efanayo noMikhail Petrashevsky futhi eyilungu lombuthano wasePetrashevsky.
Lapho izinguquko ezivela kumbuthano wePetrashevsky zilethwe endaweni yokubulawa futhi zakwazi ngisho nokufunda icala, ngokungalindelekile kuwo wonke umuntu, isigwebo sentambo sathathelwa indawo umsebenzi onzima ongapheli.
Empeleni, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuqulwa kwecala, amasosha ayazi ukuthi kwakungeke kudingeke ukuthi adubule izigebengu, okuyinto lezi ezazingazi. Omunye walabo abagwetshwe intambo, uNikolai Grigoriev, wasangana. Imizwa uDostoevsky abhekana nayo ngaphambi kokubulawa kwakhe yabonakala encwadini yakhe edumile ethi Idiot.
Ngemuva kwakho konke lokho, uMikhail Petrashevsky wadingiselwa eMpumalanga yeSiberia. UMphathi Wendawo uBernhard Struve, obekhulumisana nezinguquko, akazwakalanga izibuyekezo ezithopha kakhulu ngaye. Uthe uPetrashevsky wayeziqhenya futhi eyindoda eyize efuna ukuba sendaweni ephambili.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1850, uMikhail Vasilyevich wahlala e-Irkutsk njengesifiki esadingisiwe. Lapha wayesebenzisana nezincwadi zasendaweni futhi enza imisebenzi yokufundisa.
Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1860-1864. Petrashevsky wayehlala Krasnoyarsk, lapho waba nethonya elikhulu Duma edolobheni. Ngo-1860, indoda yasungula iphephandaba i-Amur. Ngawo lowo nyaka wathunjelwa edolobhaneni laseShushenskoye (Isifunda saseMinusinsky), ngenxa yokukhuluma ngokungahambisani nobudlova bezikhulu zendawo, futhi kamuva waya edolobhaneni laseKebezh.
Ukufa
Indawo yokugcina yokuhlala komcabangi kwakuyidolobhana laseBelskoe (esifundazweni saseYenisei). Kwakukule ndawo ukuthi ngoMeyi 2, 1866, uMikhail Petrashevsky wadlula emhlabeni. Ushone ngenxa yokopha ebuchosheni eneminyaka engu-45.
Izithombe zePetrashevsky
