Ngaphambi kokuba ube nezimpikiswano zikathisha nodokotela wezengqondo odumile waseSoviet, waseGeorgia nowaseRussia uShalva Amonashvili. Lo mbhalo ubizwa nge- "Tom Sawyer Against Standardization."
Ukufunda okujabulisayo!
“Imfundo nesiphetho sezwe kuhlobene kakhulu: hlobo luni lwemfundo - lokhu kuzoba ikusasa eliseduze.
Imfundiso yakudala - Ushinsky, Pestalozzi, Korczak, Makarenko, Comenius - ihlakulela ingokomoya ekuxhumaneni kokudala komuntu omdala kanye nengane.
Futhi namuhla, ukufundisa kuvame ukuba ngegunya, kuyimpoqo, kususelwa kuqathi kanye nenduku: ingane iziphatha kahle - ikhuthazekile, imbi - ijeziswa. Ukufundisa kwabantu kufuna izindlela zokunciphisa izingxabano nokwandisa injabulo. Ukuba buthuntu kancane, impumelelo enkulu.
Ngesikhathi sokufunda kwabo, sibuza izingane amashumi ezinkulungwane zemibuzo. Uthisha utshele, wabuza umsebenzi wesikole, wabe esebuza ukuthi umuntu wakwenza kanjani. Kulabo abangathobelanga, kukhona unswinyo. Sikhuluma ngobuntu, kepha asihambi endleleni yobudlelwano bobuntu nalowo muntu.
Ubungani, ukusizana, ububele, uzwela yikho kanye okushodayo. Umndeni awazi ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu, futhi isikole siya kude nemfundo. Ukufunda kulula. Isifundo sisekelwa ngezimali, intuthuko ihlelwa. Futhi ophumelele ukuhlolwa, kufanelekile yini ukuba nolwazi olutholakele? Ungamethemba ngalolu lwazi? Ingabe akuyona ingozi?
UMendeleev, usokhemisi omkhulu kanye nothisha, unomcabango olandelayo: "Ukunikeza umuntu ongakhanyiswanga ulwazi lwesimanje kufana nokunikeza uhlanya kumuntu ohlanyayo." Ingabe yilokhu esikwenzayo? Futhi-ke sibona ubuphekula.
Bethule i-Unified State Exam - umzimba wangaphandle ezweni lethu lezemfundo, ngoba ukungathembeki esikoleni nakuthisha. I-USE iphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kokubukwa komhlaba kwengane: kungaleyo minyaka lapho kudingekile ukucabanga ngomhlaba nendawo yabo kuwo lapho izingane zimatasa zilungiselela UKUSETSHENZISWA. Yiziphi izindinganiso nemizwa lapho insizwa iqeda isikole, akunandaba?
Kepha isisekelo nguthisha. Ukufundisa, ukufundisa kungubuciko, ukuxhumana okucashile phakathi komncane nomuntu omdala. Ubuntu buthuthukisa ubuntu kuphela. Ngokusobala, ungafundisa ukude, kepha ungathuthukisa isimilo kuphela ngokuba seduze. Irobhothi ngeke likwazi ukuthuthukisa ubuntu, noma ngabe lisebenza kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, noma limomotheka.
Futhi namuhla othisha kaningi abaqondi: kwenzekani? Inkonzo manje ivumela ukuhlukahluka, bese ihlanganisa. Iqeda ezinye izinhlelo, bese yethula.
Ngiqhube umhlangano lapho othisha bebengibuza khona: yikuphi okungcono - uhlelo lokulinganisa olunamaphuzu ama-5 noma olungamaphoyinti ayi-12? Ngabe sengithi kimi noma yiluphi uguquko lulinganiswa ngento eyodwa kuphela: ngabe umntwana usengcono? Kusizani kuye? Uthole okungcono ngokuphindwe ka-12? Lapho-ke mhlawumbe akumele ube nesithukuthezi, ake sihlole ukuthi amaShayina anjani, ngohlelo lwamaphoyinti ayi-100?
USukhomlinsky uthe: "Izingane kufanele ziholwe zisuka enjabulweni ziye enjabulweni." Uthisha ungibhalele i-imeyili: "Yini engingayenza ukuze izingane zingangiphazamisi esifundweni?" Kuhle: xhawula umunwe wakho, faka izwi lakho, noma ushayele abazali bakho? Noma ukwenza ingane ijabule esifundweni? Lokhu, ngokusobala, kwakunguthisha owayefundiswa i-C, wafundisa isifundo se-C futhi wanikeza ingane i-C kuyo. Nayi i- "Deuce again" yakho.
Thishela unemandla lamakhulu - mhlawumbe abumba, mhlawumbe abhubhise. Bazophila ngani abafundi bakathisha we-C-grade?
Sekufike i- "standard" entsha esikoleni, noma ngabe angilithandi leli gama, kepha limema nje othisha ukuthi babe nobuciko. Kumele sisebenzise lokhu. Futhi ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha othisha, igunya lobushiqela liyakhiqizwa futhi. Ayikho incwadi eyodwa yokufundisa equkethe igama elithi "uthando".
Kuvela ukuthi izingane zikhuliswe ngobushiqela esikoleni, inyuvesi iyaziqinisa nje, bese zibuyela esikoleni njengothisha abanemizwa efanayo. Othisha abasebancane bafana nabantu abadala. Bese bebhala: "Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ingane ayiphazamisi esifundweni?" Kukhona othisha abavela kuNkulunkulu. Awukwazi ukuwonakalisa. Kepha kukhona eyodwa noma ezimbili kuzo zonke izikole, futhi kwesinye isikhathi azikho nhlobo. Ngabe isikole esinjalo sizokwazi ukudalula ingane ekujuleni kokuthambekele kwayo?
Izinga lothisha selakhiwe. Ngokubona kwami, awukwazi ukulinganisa ubuhlakani, kepha njengoba sikhuluma ngokulinganisa othisha, ake sikhulume ngokulinganisa ongqongqoshe, amasekela nawo wonke umuntu ongaphezulu kwethu. Kubaluleke kakhulu kithina ukuthi bazoziphatha kanjani.
Futhi abafundi abakwazi nje ukwenziwa amazinga afanayo futhi bakhethwe esikoleni ngohlobo oluthile lwezivivinyo nezingxoxo. Kepha lokhu kuyenzeka, yize izikole zenzelwe izingane, futhi isikole kufanele sithathe noma iyiphi ingane enempilo. Asinalo ilungelo lokukhetha ezikahle kakhulu. Lokhu kuyicala elibhekiswe ebuntwaneni.
Akukho ukukhetha okukhethekile - kungaba kwi-lyceum noma i-gymnasium - okungabanjwa. Isikole yindawo yokusebenzela yabantu. Futhi sinefektri yokuma ukuhlolwa. Ngiyamthanda uTom Sawyer - ongajwayelekile, okhombisa ubuntwana uqobo.
Isikole asinanjongo namuhla. Esikoleni saseSoviet, wayekhona: ukufundisa abakhi abathembekile bobukhomanisi. Mhlawumbe kwakuyinjongo embi, futhi ayiphumelelanga, kepha kwaba njalo. Manje? Ngabe ngandlela thile kuyahlekisa ukufundisa amaPutinite athembekile, amaZyuganovites, amaZhirinovites? Akufanele sigxeke izingane zethu ukuthi zisebenzele noma yiliphi iqembu: iqembu lizoshintsha. Kepha-ke kungani sikhulisa izingane zethu?
Okwakudala kunikela ngobuntu, izikhulu, ukuphana, hhayi iqoqo lolwazi. Okwamanje, simane sikhohlisa izingane ukuthi sizilungiselela impilo. Sibalungiselela i-Unified State Exam.
Futhi lokhu kukude kakhulu nempilo. "
UShalva Amonashvili
Ucabangani ngokukhuliswa nemfundo esikhathini sethu? Bhala ngakho kumazwana abekiwe.
