Ukuzamazama komhlaba kungenye yezinto ezimbi kakhulu zemvelo. Okunye ukundindizela kunamandla amakhulu okubhubhisa, amandla awo acishe afane nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu enuzi. Akunakwenzeka ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba osekuqalile - awekho amathuluzi wamandla afanele onawo umuntu okwamanje.
Umthelela wokuzamazama komhlaba ubhebhethekiswa yiqiniso lokuthi alinakulindelwa, okungukuthi, zihlala zenzeka kungalindelekile. Imizamo nezindlela zokutshala izimali kutshalwa kuzamazama komhlaba - umonakalo ovela ekuzamazameni komhlaba okukhulu kulinganiselwa ezigidini zamaRandi, ingasaphathwa eyokulahleka kwabantu. Kodwa-ke, emashumini eminyaka ocwaningo olunzulu, ososayensi abakaqhubekeli phambili ekuboneni izindawo ezinobungozi bokuzamazama komhlaba. Izibikezelo zokwanda kokuzamazama komhlaba, ingasaphathwa eyokuzamazama komhlaba okukodwa, kuseyizazi zezangoma nezinye izinkohliso. Emhlabeni wangempela, abantu bangakha kuphela izakhiwo ezihlangabezana nezimfuneko zokuzamazama komhlaba futhi bahlele ngokushesha imisebenzi yokutakula.
1. Eminyakeni engama-400 edlule, ukuzamazama komhlaba nemiphumela yako kubulale abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-13.
2. Amandla okuzamazama komhlaba kunzima kakhulu ukuwahlola ngokufanele. Isikali samaphoyinti ayi-12, esakhiwe abaseMelika uCharles Richter noBeno Gutenberg, sabe sesihlanjululwa ngabanye ososayensi, sithambekele ekuzithobeni. Ukukala kwamandla akhishwe ngesikhathi kuzamazama umhlaba, okuthiwa. ubukhulu bunenhloso ethe xaxa, kepha ubukhulu bungahambelana kahle nemiphumela yasemhlabeni yokuzamazama komhlaba. Isizinda sokuzamazama komhlaba singatholakala ekujuleni kwamaningana kuya ku-750 km, ngakho-ke, imiphumela yokuzamazama komhlaba okubili okufanayo kungahluka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nasendaweni efanayo yokubhujiswa, amacala ayeqoshwa lapho izakhiwo ezazimi endaweni yamatshe noma emhlabathini oqinile zazimelana nokuzamazama, kuyilapho izakhiwo ezifanayo kwezinye izindawo zadilika.
UCharles Richter
3. EJapan, kubikwa isilinganiso sokuzamazama komhlaba okungu-7 500 ngonyaka. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 kuya maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, kube nokuzamazama komhlaba okungu-17 ezweni, okuholele ekutheni kufe abantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane. 
4. Okunye ukuzamazama komhlaba okubhubhisa kakhulu emlandweni wesintu kwenzeka ngoNovemba 1, 1755 ePortugal. Ukushaqeka okuthathu kususe inhlokodolobha yezwe iLisbon ebusweni boMhlaba. Ngalolu suku, amaKhatholika agubha uSuku Lwabangcwele Bonke, kwathi ekuseni, lapho kuzamazama umhlaba, iningi labantu lalisemasontweni. Amathempeli amakhulu awakwazanga ukumelana nesimo sezulu, afihle izinkulungwane zabantu ngaphansi kwemfucumfucu yabo. Labo ababenenhlanhla yokuphila ngokwemvelo bagijimela olwandle. Izakhi, njengokungathi ziyahlekisa ngabo, zabanika cishe isigamu sehora lesikhathi, zabe sezimbozwa ngegagasi elikhulu, ukuphakama kwalo kungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-12. Isimo sisuswe wukuqubuka kwemililo. Kwacekelwa phansi izindlu ezingama-5 000 nemigwaqo engama-300. Balinganiselwa ku-60 000 abantu abashonile.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba eLisbon. Umdwebo wesimanje
5. Ngo-1906, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwabhubhisa iSan Francisco. Kwakungekho iLas Vegas noma iReno ngaleso sikhathi, ngakho iSan Francisco yayiyinhloko-dolobha yalo lonke u-East Coast e-United States. Ukuqhaqhazela eSan Francisco kwaqhuma, kwabhidliza amakhaya ngezinkulungwane. Umlilo awuzange uqede ukufika. Amapayipi amanzi abedabukile kanti izicishamlilo bezingasekho emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli dolobha laliyikhaya lesikhungo esikhulu segesi, ukuqhuma kwaso okwashintsha imigwaqo yaba yisihogo. Lo opharetha ucingo ongagagulwanga igama uhlale emsebenzini wakhe futhi ngolimi olomile lwe-telegraphic udlulisele eNew York ukulandelana kwale nhlekelele, njengoba besho, emoyeni. Abantu abangu-200,000 basale dengwane. Zibalelwa ku-30 000 izindlu ezacekeleka phansi. Izinkulungwane zezimpilo zasindiswa amandla abantu baseMelika okwakha izindlu zosayizi omncane kakhulu wezinkuni - esikhundleni sokufa ngaphansi kwemfucumfucu yezitini nokhonkolo, izisulu kwakudingeka ziphume ngaphansi kwenqwaba yamabhodi. Isibalo sezisulu asidluli ku-700.
6. Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuzamazama komhlaba, izinkanyezi zomculo wase-Italy zafika eSan Francisco, ziholwa ngu-Enrico Caruso. UCaruso uqale waphumela emgwaqeni ethukile. Abanye baseMelika abanobuqili bamthengisela yena nozakwabo ikalishi elidonswa ngamahhashi ngama- $ 300 (izimoto zokuqala ezidumile zakwaFord T, ezizovela eminyakeni emibili, zizobiza ama- $ 825). UCaruso uze wakwazi ukubuyela ehhotela eze nezinto zakhe, futhi amaNtaliyane ashiya idolobha ethukile.
7. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 nele-20, idolobha lase-Italy iMessina lihlangabezane nokuzamazama komhlaba oku-4 eminyakeni eyi-14. Kwakukhona nokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambili - ngo-1783 idolobha labhujiswa ukuzamazama komhlaba. Abantu abakaze bafinyelele esiphethweni kulezi zinhlekelele. Izindlu zazisakhiwa ngaphandle kukasimende, zime ezisekelweni ezidabukisayo, futhi zisondelene. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeka ngoDisemba 28, 1908, hhayi okuqine kakhulu ngezindinganiso zososayensi bokuzamazama komhlaba, kwabulala okungenani abantu abangu-160 000. Isazi sezintaba-mlilo uFrançois Pere uthe uma abantu baseMessina behlala ematendeni, akekho ozokufa. Abokuqala ukusiza amaMessinians kwafika amatilosi aseRussia avela eqenjini labadlali abaphakathi nendawo. Basesha ngokungesabi izakhamuzi ezazisaphila phakathi kwamanxiwa, basindisa abantu abangaphezu kuka-2 000, futhi bathutha inkulungwane bayisa ezibhedlela zaseNaples. EMessina, abantu bedolobha ababongekile bakhela isikebhe amatilosi aseRussia.
UMessina ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba ngo-1908
Amatilosi aseRussia emigwaqweni yaseMessina
8. EMessina ngoDisemba 1908, iqembu labasomahlaya lavakasha, lapho abazalwane ababili babamba khona iqhaza. UMfoweth 'uMichele no-Alfredo babenenja. Ngobusuku bukaDisemba 28, inja yaqala ukukhonkotha ngokufutheka, ivusa lonke ihhotela. Uqale ngokuhudulela abanikazi bayo emnyango wehhotela, wabe esebakhiphela ngaphandle kwedolobha. Ngakho-ke inja yasindisa izimpilo zabafowethu. Ngaleyo minyaka, kwakukhona i-hypothesis, echaza ukungaziphathi kwezilwane ngaphambi kokuzamazama komhlaba ngokuthi zizizwa zishaqekile zokuqala zingazwakali kubantu. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokufundwa kweziteshi zokuzamazama komhlaba kukhombisile ukuthi bekungekho ukwethuka kwangaphambilini - ukushaqeka okubulalayo bekuyikho kuphela.
9. Ukunganaki maqondana nokuzamazama komhlaba akunakubizwa ngokuthi yisici sezwe lase-Italy kuphela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba, eJapan, ukuzamazama komhlaba kuyenzeka, njengoba sekukhonjisiwe, njalo. Inhlokodolobha yezwe, iTokyo, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ukuzamazama komhlaba kubhubhise amahlandla amane. Futhi isikhathi ngasinye lapho amaJapane akha kabusha idolobha futhi ngezindlu ezifanayo ezenziwe ngamapali nangephepha. Isikhungo sedolobha, vele, sasakhiwe ngezakhiwo zamatshe, kepha ngaphandle kokubheka okuncane ngengozi yokuzamazama komhlaba. NgoSepthemba 1, 1923, idolobha labantu abayizigidi ezimbili lahlaselwa uchungechunge lokundindizela okwabhidliza amashumi ezinkulungwane emizi nezakhiwo. ETokyo ngaleso sikhathi, igesi yayisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo, ngakho-ke lo mkhuba, owawuzobizwa ngokuthi "isivunguvungu somlilo", waqala ngokushesha. Izinkulungwane zabantu zashiswa zaze zafa emakhaya nasemigwaqweni. Edolobheni kanye nesifunda saseTokyo, kwafa abantu abangaba ngu-140 000. Idolobha laseYokohama nalo lilimale kabi.
EJapan, ngo-1923
10. Kusukela ekuzamazameni komhlaba kwango-1923, amaJapane afinyelela eziphethweni ezifanele. Ngo-2011, babhekana nokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla amakhulu emlandweni wezwe labo. Le ndawo yayisolwandle, futhi uhlelo lokuxwayisa lwakwazi ukudlulisa isignali ye-alamu. Ukudlidlizela kanye nama-tsunami kusalokhu kuvuna isivuno sabo esinegazi - cishe kwafa abantu abayi-16,000, kepha bekungaba khona ezinye izisulu eziningi. Ukulimala komnotho kwakukukhulu, kepha ukulahleka okuyinhlekelele kwagwenywa.
EJapan, ngo-2011
11. Unyaka we-1960 waba nzima kakhulu ukuzamazama komhlaba. NgoFebhuwari 21, idolobha lase-Algeria iMeluz "lazamazama" - abangu-47 bashona, abangu-88 balimala. NgoFebhuwari 29, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwahlasela iMorocco engomakhelwane - kwashona abangu-15,000, kwalimala abangu-12,000, idolobha lase-Agadir labhujiswa, lakhiwa kabusha endaweni entsha. Ngo-Ephreli 24, inhlekelele yemvelo yaphazamisa i-Iran, yadlula nemiphefumulo engama-450 yezakhamizi zedolobha laseLahr. Kodwa okuvelile kwalokhu kuzamazama komhlaba kwaphela ngoMeyi 21, lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla amakhulu kakhulu kuze kube manje emlandweni wokubukwa kwaqhamuka eChile - ubukhulu bawo babungamaphuzu ayi-9.5.
Ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba e-Agadir. INkosi yaseMorocco ithe uma ngentando ka-Allah idolobha lacekelwa phansi, khona-ke ngentando yabantu lizokwakhiwa kabusha kwenye indawo
12. Ngo-May 21, 1960, iningizimu yeChile yahlaselwa uchungechunge lokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla. Ukuzamazama okuthathu kuqale kwahlasela isifunda, kwalandela amagagasi amakhulu amathathu. Igagasi lamamitha ama-5 ukuphakama lafika e-Alaska. Lonke ugu lwasePacific lwathinteka. Abantu bafe ngisho naseziQhingini zaseHawaii, yize baxwayiswa ngesikhathi futhi basuswa lapho. I-tsunami iphinde yahlanganisa nokubekezela kweJapan, kwathi ebusuku - kwashona abayi-100, kucatshangelwa nesixwayiso esitholakele. Izisulu bezikhona nasePhilippines. EChile, sasingekho isikhathi somsebenzi wokutakula - ekuqaleni kwakukhona usongo lokukhukhula endaweni ethintekile, kwase kuthi izintaba-mlilo zaqala ukuvuka. AbaseChile, abangu-500,000 babo abasala bengenamakhaya, babhekana ngokuzikhandla ngokugcwele nangosizo lomhlaba wonke. Abantu abalinganiselwa ku-3 000 kuya ku-10 000 bafa.
Emigwaqweni yedolobha laseChile ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwaseChile kuthinta cishe isigamu seplanethi
13. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okuningi okuyinhlekelele sekuvele kwenzeka ngekhulu lama-21. Sekuvele kukhulunywa ngamaJapan, kukhona okunye okuthinte nezwekazi lase-Asia. NgoDisemba 26, 2004 e-Indian Ocean kwakukhona ukundindizela okunamandla amaphuzu angu-9.1 - 9.3 - enye yamandla amakhulu emlandweni. I-tsunami yashaya lonke ugu lolwandle i-Indian Ocean, kwashona abantu baseNingizimu Afrika, etholakala kumakhilomitha ayi-7,000 ukusuka enkabeni yokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngokusemthethweni, kukholakala ukuthi bangu-230,000 abantu abashonile, kodwa izidumbu eziningi zashayelwa olwandle yigagasi lamamitha ayi-15 elashayisa ugu lwase-Asia.
14. Ngomhlaka 12 Januwari 2010, kwaba nokuzamazama komhlaba okungaba yishumi nambili esiqhingini saseHaiti. Ubukhulu obunamandla kakhulu kwakungamaphuzu ayi-7. Inhloko-dolobha yasePort-au-Prince yacekelwa phansi ngokuphelele. Emazweni anomnotho ontekenteke, iningi labantu livame ukuminyana enhlokodolobha. IHaiti iyathinteka. Ngakho-ke, inani lezisulu libukeka lisabeka kakhulu. Bangaphezu kuka-220,000 abantu abashone ePort-au-Prince ngaphandle kwama tsunami noma imililo.
Abantu baseHaiti bajwayele ukungalahleki ezimweni ezinzima. Ukuphanga ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba
15. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kunakho konke eRussia ngokwesibalo sezisulu kwenzeka ngo-1952 eziqhingini zaseKuril nango-1995 eSakhalin. I-tsunami ecekele phansi idolobha laseSevero-Kurilsk ayibikwanga ngokusemthethweni. Balinganiselwa ku-2 500 abantu abashone kuleli dolobha elacekelwa phansi yigagasi lamamitha ayi-18. ESakhalin Neftegorsk, nayo eyacekelwa phansi ngo-100%, kwafa abantu abangu-2,040.
INeftegorsk ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba yanquma ukungabuyisi
