I-coronavirus, noma odinga ukukwazi ngegciwane elisha le-COVID-19, - lokhu kungenye yokusesha okuthandwa kakhulu kwi-Intanethi kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2020. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ubhadane luye lwaba umthombo wokugula kwengqondo okukhulu emazweni amaningi.
Ake sibone ukuthi wonke umuntu udinga ukwazi ini nge-coronavirus. Kulesi sihloko, sizozama ukuphendula imibuzo ebaluleke kakhulu ehlobene ne-COVID-19 coronavirus.
Yini i-coronavirus
AmaCoronaviruses awumndeni wamagciwane e-RNA athelela abantu nezilwane. Bathola igama labo ngenxa yokufana kwangaphandle ne-corona yelanga.
Inhloso "yomqhele" kuma-coronaviruses ihlotshaniswa nekhono lawo lokungena kulwelwesi lweseli ngokulingisa ama-molecule aphendulwa ama-transmembrane receptors amaseli "ngama-molecule mbumbulu". Leli gciwane liphoqelelwa ngokoqobo ukuba libe yingqamuzana eliphilile, ngemuva kwalokho lilithelele nge-RNA yalo.
Yini i-COVID-19
I-COVID-19 yisifo esithathelwanayo esidalwa wuhlobo olusha lwe-coronavirus, olungenzeka kuzo zombili izinhlobo zokutheleleka ngegciwane lokuphefumula kanye nelibi. Esimweni sokugcina, umuntu uqala ukuthuthuka inyumoniya yegciwane, engaholela ekufeni kwakhe.
Kusukela ngoMashi 2020, odokotela abakakakwazi ukwenza umuthi wokugoma osebenzayo olwa ne-coronavirus, kepha kwabezindaba nakuthelevishini, ungezwa kaningi ukuthi odokotela ezweni elithile bakwazile ukudala umuthi wokugoma.
Ngokusho kososayensi abaningi abanegunya, umuthi wokugoma ngeke uvele ngaphambi konyaka, ngoba ngaphambi kokuwethula ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi, kudingeka ukubonwa okuningi bese kuphela lapho kwenziwa iziphetho mayelana nokusebenza kwawo.
Iyingozi kangakanani i-COVID-19
Ezimweni eziningi, ezinganeni nakubantu abasha abanempilo, i-COVID-19 imnene. Kodwa-ke, kukhona futhi uhlobo olunzima lokutheleleka: cishe wonke umuntu wesi-5 ogula ngama-coronaviruses udinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
Kulandela lokhu ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi abantu babambelele ekuhlukanisweni ngokuhlukaniswa, ngenxa yokuthi kungasakazeka ukusabalala kwe-coronavirus. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lesi sifo ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sizoqala ukusabalala kakhulu.
Isuleleka kanjani i-coronavirus ye-COVID-19 nokuthi isakazeka kanjani
Umuntu ogule nge-coronavirus uyakwazi ukuthelela abantu abayi-3-6 abaseduze kwakhe, kepha lesi sibalo singaphakama kaningana. I-COVID-19 idluliselwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- ngamaconsi asemoyeni;
- lapho uxhawulana;
- ngokusebenzisa izinto.
Umuntu angathola i-coronavirus kumuntu ogulayo ngokukhwehlela noma ethimula. Futhi, i-COVID-19 ingalandwa ngokuthinta umuntu onegciwane noma into ethintwe yisiguli. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi emoyeni igciwane lingahlala lisebenza amahora amaningana, ngenkathi, ngokwesibonelo, kupulasitiki kuze kube yizinsuku ezintathu!
Lapho umuntu ethinta izinto ezingcolisiwe ngezandla, empeleni akakabi nalo igciwane. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka okwamanje lapho ethinta amehlo akhe, ikhala noma umlomo ngesandla "esingcolile". Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, ngokusho kwezibalo, ngandlela thile sithinta umlomo wethu, ikhala kanye namehlo okungenani ama-23 ngehora!
Ngalesi sizathu, kufanele ugeze izandla zakho kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ungathinti ubuso bakho, futhi ugcine okungenani amamitha ayi-1.5 kubantu abagulayo noma abangase bagule.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-COVID-19
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokutheleleka nge-coronavirus:
- Ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe (umkhuhlane) - ngamacala angama-88%;
- Ukukhwehlela okomile ngesikhwehlela esincane (67%);
- Ukuzwa ukuminyana ngemuva kwesifuba sesifuba (20%);
- Ukuphefumula (19%);
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma obuhlangene (15%);
- Umphimbo obuhlungu (14%);
- I-Migraine (13%);
- Uhudo (3%).
Ngokwezibalo, abantu abayisishiyagalombili kwabayishumi balulama ngempumelelo kwi-coronavirus COVID-19, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwelashwa. Esikhathini esisodwa kweziyisithupha, isiguli siba nesimo esibi sokuhluleka ukuphefumula.
Uma unomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela kaningi nokomile, noma ukuphefumula kanzima, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Ngubani osengozini
Ochwepheshe baseChina bethule ucwaningo olukhulu lwazo zonke izimo zalesi sifo kuze kube nguFebhuwari 11, 2020, ngokusho kwalokhu:
- isilinganiso sokufa jikelele kusuka ku-coronavirus ngu-2.3%;
- izinga lokufa eliphakeme kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-80 ubudala - 14.8%;
- eqenjini kusuka eminyakeni engama-70 kuya kwengu-80 ubudala - 8%;
- ukufa kwezingane ezineminyaka engu-0-9 iminyaka kuphansi kakhulu (amacala ambalwa);
- eqenjini leminyaka eyi-10-40, inani lokufa kwabantu lingu-0.2%.
- abesifazane bafa kaningi kunabesilisa: 1.7% no-2.8%, ngokulandelana.
Ngokuya ngemininingwane ethunyelwe, singaphetha ngokuthi abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-70 ubudala futhi ikakhulukazi labo abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona basengozini.
Ungabavikela kanjani abantu abadala
Okokuqala, abantu abadala kufanele bahlale kude nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi. Badinga ukubekelela imishanguzo nokudla isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Izihlobo, omakhelwane noma abezenhlalakahle bangabasiza ngalokhu.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi abantu abadala bavame ukubekezelela i-coronavirus ngaphandle komkhuhlane. Ngakho-ke, badinga ukufuna usizo lwezokwelashwa ngokushesha nje lapho beba nezinye izimpawu ze-COVID-19.
Ngokushesha lapho befuna usizo lwezokwelapha, ayanda amathuba okuba balulame.
Imelana kanjani ne-coronavirus ezimeni ezahlukahlukene
- Emvelweni wangaphandle, ama-coronaviruses akasebenzi kusuka endaweni ekungu- + 33 ° C emahoreni ayi-16, kuyilapho ku- + 56 ° C ngemizuzu eyi-10;
- Ochwepheshe base-Italy bathi i-70% ethanol, i-sodium hypochlorite 0.01% ne-chlorhexidine 1% ingabhubhisa i-coronavirus ngemizuzu engu-1-2 nje.
- I-WHO incoma kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezihlanzisandla ezenzelwe utshwala ngoba zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekulweni ne-coronavirus.
- AmaCoronaviruses aqhubeka nokusebenza ku-aerosol amahora angafika kwayi-10, nasemanzini kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-9! Kulokhu, odokotela baphakamisa ukusebenzisa imisebe ye-UV "ngamalambu e-quartz", angabhubhisa igciwane ngemizuzu engu-2-15.
- Ngokusho kwe-WHO, i-COVID-19, njengenhlayiya, inkulu impela futhi inzima. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-coronavirus isabalala kuphela ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-1 ezungeze umuntu onegciwane futhi ayikwazi ukudluliswa ngamabanga amakhulu.
Ungazivikela kanjani wena nabanye ku-coronavirus
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukuze uzivikele ku-coronavirus, udinga ukugwema izixuku, hlala ebangeni eliphephile kubantu abagulayo nabangahle bagule, ungathinti ubuso bakho, futhi ubambelele nasempilweni eqinile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bayeluleka ukuthi bakhumule izingubo zangaphandle ngokushesha lapho bengena endlini, futhi bangahambi bezungeze indlu ekuyo. Kufanele futhi uphuze uketshezi oluningi futhi mhlawumbe kushise. Lapho ihlala emphinjeni, amanzi afaka i-coronavirus esiswini, lapho ifela khona ngokushesha ngenxa yesimo esingesihle.
Ngabe umuntu angathola i-COVID-19 esilwaneni
Kusukela namuhla, odokotela abakwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthola i-coronavirus ngokuxhumana nezilwane. Kodwa-ke, abantu bayelulekwa ukuthi bangahlangani nezilwane ngoba zingase zithwale leli gciwane.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi ugweme ushizi wemikhiqizo yezilwane. Isibonelo, inyama noma ubisi kufanele kuphathwe ukushisa.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthola i-coronavirus evela kumuntu ongenazo izimpawu
Ngokusho kwe-WHO, amathuba okutheleleka avela kumuntu ongakhombisi izimpawu ezivulekile ze-coronavirus aphansi kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umuntu onegciwane ukhiqiza isikhwehlela esincane okusakazeka ngalo igciwane.
Kodwa-ke, kubantu abaningi, izimpawu ze-coronavirus zingase zibe mncane, ngenxa yalokho kunengozi yokudlulisela i-COVID-19 evela kumuntu ozibheka enempilo futhi ekhwehlela kancane.
Sinesikhathi esingakanani isikhathi sokufukamela
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka nge-coronavirus futhi kuze kuvele izimpawu, kungathatha izinsuku ezi-2 kuye kweziyi-14.
Zingaki izinsuku begula nge-coronavirus
Isimo esincane sesifo i-COVID-19 sithatha kuze kube amasonto ama-2, kanti esibi singaqhubeka kungakapheli izinyanga ezimbili.
Ngingayihlolela kuphi i-coronavirus
Ukuhlolelwa i-COVID-19 coronavirus kunqunywa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, abafinyelela eziphethweni ngokuya ngezimpawu ezibonwa ezigulini.
Izinhlelo zokuqala zokuhlaziywa okusheshayo zakhiwa ososayensi baseJalimane ngoJanuwari 2020. Cishe izivivinyo ezingama-250,000 zasatshalaliswa emazweni ahlukene ngosizo lwe-WHO. Namuhla kunezindaba zokuthi odokotela bakwamanye amazwe benze ucwaningo olufanayo, okungamangalisi neze.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthola i-coronavirus futhi
Manje alikho icala elilodwa elibikwe ngokusemthethweni lokutheleleka kabusha nge-coronavirus. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi namuhla odokotela abanalo ulwazi mayelana nokuthi amasosha omzimba angahlala isikhathi esingakanani ngemuva kokugula.
Abanye abantu bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi baphinde batheleleka. Njengoba lesi sifo singahlala amasonto ambalwa, umuntu uthola umbono wokuthi useyibambile i-COVID-19 futhi, kanti empeleni akusiyona.
Ingabe likhona ikhambi le-COVID-19
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kuze kube manje, ososayensi abakwazanga ukudala umuthi wokugoma ophelele olwa ne-coronavirus COVID-19. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, i-WHO ifuna ukuthi kusetshenziswe i-ribavirin (i-agent elwa namagciwane yesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C nemikhuhlane ekopha) kanye ne-interferon β-1b.
Le mithi ingavimbela igciwane ukuthi lande futhi ithuthukise ukuhamba kwesifo. Iziguli ezine-pneumonia ziyelulekwa ukuthi zisebenzise ama-antimicrobial agents. I-oksijeni nama-ventilator kubalulekile ekutheleleni okunzima.
Ingabe kufanele ugqoke imaski ukuvikela i-coronavirus?
Yebo. Okokuqala, umuntu otheleleke ngaleli gciwane kufanele abe nesifihla-buso ukuze angalusabalalisi. Kuyadingeka futhi kubantu abaphilile abangabamba ukutheleleka noma yikuphi.
Futhi yize ososayensi abaningi baseYurophu nabaseMelika bethi izifihla-buso azisebenzi ekulweni ne-COVID-19, ochwepheshe baseChina nabase-Asia banemibono ephikisana ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphikisa ngokuthi kube ngubudedengu ukugqoka izifihla-buso okwadala ukuqubuka okukhulu kwegciwane e-EU naseMelika.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imaski izokusiza uvikele impumulo nomlomo wakho ekuthintweni okucabangayo kwezandla zakho. Akufanele ukhohlwe ukuthi amaski alahlwayo angagqokwa ngaphezu kwamahora ama-2-3 futhi angasetshenziswa okwesibili.
Ngaphambi kokugqoka imaski, udinga ukuphatha izandla zakho ngesinqandakuvunda, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi simboza ngokuphelele isilevu. Susa imaskhi ngendlela yokuthi ingathinti ubuso nezinye izitho zomzimba.
Amaski asetshenzisiwe kufanele afakwe esikhwameni sepulasitiki, esizovimbela ukusakazeka kokutheleleka okungenzeka, bese silahlwa esitsheni esivaliwe. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ugeze ubuso, izandla nezinye izindawo zomzimba ngensipho.
Ingabe ngidinga ukuzihlukanisa
Ukubhekana nobhadane lwe-coronavirus kuzokwenzeka kuphela ngokunciphisa inani lamacala. Ngaphandle kwalokho, odokotela ngeke nje bakwazi ukusiza ngokwezobuchwepheshe nangokomzimba kulabo abanesifo i-COVID-19, okuzoholela emiphumeleni emibi.
Ngalesi sizathu, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokugcina yokunqoba i-coronavirus kuzohlukaniswa nokuhlukaniswa nokwelashwa okufanele.
Ekugcineni, ngithanda ukunezela ukuthi ngokusho kweminye imithombo, ukubhema kukhulisa ingozi yokuthola i-coronavirus ngezinga elibi kakhulu, elingabulala.
