Euclid noma Euclid (c. Isazi sezibalo sokuqala sesikole sase-Alexandria.
Emsebenzini wakhe oyisisekelo "Iziqalo" uchaze uhlelo lweplanethi, i-stereometry ne-theory. Umbhali wemisebenzi yokukhanya, umculo nesayensi yezinkanyezi.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-Euclid biography, esizothinta ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane ka-Euclid.
Umlando ka-Euclid
U-Euclid wazalwa cishe ngo-325 BC. e., noma kunjalo, lolu suku lunemibandela. Indawo azalelwa kuyo nayo ayaziwa.
Abanye ababhali be-Euclid basikisela ukuthi wazalelwa e-Alexandria, kanti abanye - eThire.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Empeleni, akukho okwaziwayo ngeminyaka yokuqala yempilo ka-Euclid. Ngokwamadokhumende asindile, uchithe isikhathi esiningi sempilo yakhe yokuba mdala eDamaseku.
Kuyamukelwa jikelele ukuthi u-Euclid wayevela emndenini ocebile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wafunda esikoleni sase-Athene sasePlato, lapho kude nabantu abampofu babekwazi ukufundela.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi u-Euclid wayeyazi kahle imibono yefilosofi kaPlato, ngezindlela eziningi ehlanganyela izimfundiso zongqondongqondo odumile.
Ngokuyinhloko, siyazi nge-biography ka-Euclid ngenxa yemisebenzi kaProclus, yize wayephila cishe emakhulwini ayisishiyagalombili eminyaka kamuva kunesazi sezibalo. Futhi, eminye imininingwane evela empilweni ka-Euclid itholakale emibhalweni kaPappa wase-Alexandria noJohn Stobey.
Uma uyithemba imininingwane yososayensi bakamuva, u-Euclid ubengumuntu onomusa, ohloniphekile nonenhloso.
Njengoba kunemininingwane emincane ngomuntu, abanye ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi u-Euclid kufanele aqondwe njengeqembu lososayensi base-Alexandria.
Izibalo
Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, u-Euclid wayethanda ukufunda izincwadi eMtatsheni Wezincwadi odumile wase-Alexandria. Wafunda izibalo ngokujulile futhi wahlola imigomo yejiyometri kanye nombono wezinombolo ezingenangqondo.
Ngokushesha u-Euclid uzoshicilela akubonile kanye nokutholile emsebenzini wakhe omkhulu "Ukuqala". Le ncwadi ibe negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izibalo.
Yayinemiqulu eyi-15, ngayinye egxile endaweni ethile yesayensi.
Umbhali uxoxe ngezindawo zama-parallelograms nonxantathu, kubhekwa i-geometry yemibuthano kanye nomqondo ojwayelekile wokulingana.
Futhi ku "Elements" ukunakwa kwanikezwa kumcabango wezinombolo. Ufakazele ukungapheli kwesethi yama-primes, waphenya izinombolo eziphelele futhi wathola umqondo onjenge-GCD - isihlukanisi esivame kakhulu. Namuhla, ukuthola lo mhlukanisi kubizwa ngokuthi yi-algorithm ka-Euclid.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, encwadini umlobi wachaza izisekelo ze-stereometry, wethula izifundiswa kumqulu wezigaxa nemibhoshongo, engakhohlwa ukusho izilinganiso zemibuthano.
Lo msebenzi uqukethe ulwazi oluyisisekelo, ubufakazi kanye nokutholakele ukuthi abaningi bababhali be-Euclid bathambekele ekukholweni ukuthi "Izimiso" zabhalwa iqembu labantu.
Ochwepheshe abashiyi ngaphandle ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ososayensi abanjengo-Archytas waseTarentum, u-Eudoxus waseCnidus, uTheetetus wase-Athene, uGipsicles, u-Isidore waseMileto nabanye basebenza kule ncwadi.
Eminyakeni engu-2 000 eyalandela, i-Startnings yakhonza njengencwadi eyinhloko ku-geometry.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi lezinto ezisencwadini akuzona ezabo, kepha yimibono eyayaziwa phambilini. Empeleni, u-Euclid wamane walwakha ngobuciko lolu lwazi olwalwaziwa ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngaphandle kweMigomo, u-Euclid ushicilele eminye imisebenzi eminingana ephathelene nokukhanya, ukuhamba kwezidumbu, nemithetho yemishini. Ungumbhali wezibalo ezidumile ezenziwa ngejometri - lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukwakhiwa kwe-Euclidean".
Usosayensi futhi waklama ithuluzi lokulinganisa iphimbo lentambo futhi wafunda izilinganiso zesikhawu, ezaholela ekwakhiweni kwezinsimbi zomculo zekhibhodi.
Ifilosofi
U-Euclid wakhulisa umqondo wefilosofi kaPlato wezinto ezi-4, ezihambisana ne-4 ejwayelekile ye-polyhedra:
- umlilo uyi-tetrahedron;
- umoya uyi-octahedron;
- umhlaba uyi-cube;
- amanzi yi-icosahedron.
Kulesi simo, "iziqalo" kungaqondakala njengemfundiso yokuqala ngokwakhiwa kwe- "Platononic solid", okusho ukuthi, i-polyhedra ejwayelekile eyi-5.
Ubufakazi bokuthi kungenzeka kwakhiwe lezi zinhlangano buphela ngesitatimende sokuthi azikho ezinye izidumbu ezijwayelekile, ngaphandle kwalezi ezi-5 ezethulwe.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinkolelo-mbono kanye nokuthunyelwa kwe-Euclid kuboniswa ngobudlelwano obuyisisekelo obusiza ukubona uchungechunge olunengqondo lwezinkolelo zombhali.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Asazi lutho ngokuphila kuka-Euclid. Ngokwenye inganekwane, iNkosi uPtolemy, owayefuna ukufunda i-geometry, waphendukela kusazi sezibalo ukuze asizakale.
Inkosi yacela u-Euclid ukuthi ayikhombise indlela elula eya olwazini, lowo mcabangi waphendula wathi: "Awukho umgwaqo wasebukhosini oya ejometri." Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sitatimende saba namaphiko.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi u-Euclid wavula isikole esizimele sezibalo eLabhulali yase-Alexandria.
Asikho isithombe esisodwa esithembekile sesosayensi esisindile kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngalesi sizathu, yonke imidwebo nemidwebo ka-Euclid kumane nje kuyimicabango yabalobi babo.
Ukufa
Ababhali bomlando ka-Euclid abakwazi ukunquma usuku oluqondile lokushona kwakhe. Kwamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi isazi sezibalo esikhulu sashona ngo-265 BC.
Isithombe se-Euclid
