U-Evariste Galois (1811-1832) - Isazi sezibalo esingumFulentshi, umsunguli we-algebra yesimanje ephakeme, i-republican yezinguquko ezinqala. Wadutshulwa e-duel eneminyaka engu-20.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaGalois, esizokhuluma ngaye kule ndatshana.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane ka-Evariste Galois.
IGalois biography
U-Evariste Galois wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 25, 1811 edolobhaneni laseFrance iBourg-la-Rene. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini weRiphabhulikhi kanye neMeya yedolobha, uNicolas-Gabriel Galois nomkakhe u-Adelaide-Marie Demant.
Ngaphezu kuka-Evariste, kuzalwe ezinye izingane ezimbili emndenini wakwaGalois.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Kuze kube yiminyaka engu-12, u-Evariste wayefundiswa ngaphansi kobuholi bukanina, owayejwayelene nezincwadi zakudala.
Ngemva kwalokho, umfana wangena Royal College of Louis-le-Grand. Lapho eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala, waqala ukuba nesithakazelo esijulile kumathematics.
UGalois waqala ukutadisha imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene ngezibalo, kufaka phakathi nemisebenzi kaNiels Abelard emkhakheni wokuxazulula izibalo zezinga elithile. Wazigxilisa kakhulu kwezesayensi waze waqala ukuzenzela olwakhe ucwaningo.
Lapho u-Evariste eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, washicilela umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala. Kodwa-ke, ngaleso sikhathi, umlando wakhe awuzange uvuse isithakazelo phakathi kwezibalo.
Lokhu kwakudalwa ukuthi ukuxazulula kwakhe izinkinga kwakudlula izinga lolwazi lothisha. Wayengavamile ukubeka imibono eyayisobala kuye ephepheni ngaphandle kokuqaphela ukuthi yayingabonakali kwabanye abantu.
Ezemfundo
Ngenkathi u-varvare Galois ezama ukungena e-Ecole Polytechnique, akakwazanga ukuphumelela isivivinyo kabili. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi angene kulesi sikhungo, ngoba sasisebenza njengesiphephelo samaRiphabhulikhi.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, izinqumo zensizwa ezincanyana kanye nokungabi bikho kwezincazelo zomlomo kuholele ekuhlulekeni kokuhlolwa. Ngonyaka olandelayo, wenqatshelwa ukwamukelwa esikoleni ngesizathu esifanayo esamthukuthelisa.
Ephelelwe yithemba, u-Evariste wajikijela umhloli ngendwangu. Ngemuva kwalokho, wathumela umsebenzi wakhe kusazi sezibalo esidumile saseFrance uCauchy. Wazazisa izinqumo zomfana, kodwa umsebenzi awuzange ufike eParis Academy ngokuncintisana kwemisebenzi yezibalo, ngoba ilahlekile nguCauchy.
Ngo-1829, umJesuit washicilela amapheshana amabi okuthiwa abhalwa ngubaba ka-Evariste (uNicholas-Gabriel Galois wayedume ngokubhala amapheshana okubhuqa). Engakwazi ukumelana nehlazo, uGalois Sr. wanquma ukuzibulala.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, u-Evariste wagcina ekwazile ukuba ngumfundi we-Higher Normal School. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva konyaka ongu-1 wokufunda, lo mfana waxoshwa esikhungweni, ngenxa yokubamba iqhaza kwakhe ezinkulumweni zezombusazwe zesiqondiso seRiphabhulikhi.
Ukwehluleka kukaGalois akugcinanga lapho. Lapho ethumela umsebenzi ngokutholile kwakhe kuFourier ukuze abambe iqhaza emncintiswaneni womklomelo we-Academy of memoirs, washona ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva.
Umbhalo wesandla wezibalo osemusha ulahlekile ndawana thile futhi u-Abel waba ngumnqobi womncintiswano.
Ngemuva kwalokho, u-Evariste wabelane ngemibono yakhe noPoisson, obegxeka umsebenzi wale nsizwa. Ubeke ukuthi ukucabanga kukaGalois akucaci futhi akusebenzi.
U-Evarist uqhubeke nokushumayela izimiso zamaRiphabhulikhi, athunyelwa kuzo ejele izikhawu ezimbili.
Ngesikhathi eboshwa okokugcina, uGalois wagula, nokuyilapho adluliselwa khona esibhedlela. Lapho wahlangana nentombazane egama linguStephanie, owayeyindodakazi kadokotela ogama lakhe linguJean-Louis.
Ababhali bomlando ka-Evariste abakushiyi ngaphandle ukuthi ukungabikho kokuziphindiselela kukaStephanie kwaba yisizathu esiyinhloko sokufa okubuhlungu kukasosayensi okhaliphile.
Impumelelo yesayensi
Iminyaka engama-20 yempilo yakhe kanye neminyaka emi-4 kuphela yokuthanda izibalo, uGalois ukwazile ukuthola izinto ezinkulu, ngenxa yalokho amukelwa njengomunye wezibalo ezivelele zekhulu le-19.
Umfana wafunda inkinga yokuthola isixazululo esijwayelekile se-equation yezinga eliphikisayo, ukuthola isimo esifanele sezimpande ze-equation ukuvuma ukukhuluma ngokwe-radicals.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izindlela ezintsha lapho u-Evarist athola khona izixazululo zifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile.
Usosayensi osemncane wabeka izisekelo ze-algebra yesimanje, ephuma emiqondweni eyisisekelo njengeqembu (uGalois waba ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa leli gama, efunda ngentshiseko amaqembu ahambisanayo) kanye nensimu (izinkambu ezinqunyelwe zibizwa ngokuthi izinkambu zeGalois).
Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokufa kwakhe, u-Evariste wabhala izifundo zakhe eziningi. Ngokuvamile, imisebenzi yakhe imbalwa ngesibalo futhi ibhalwe ngamafuphi ngokwedlulele, yingakho abantu besikhathi sikaGalois bengakwazanga ukuqonda umongo wendaba.
Kuphela ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka ngemuva kokufa kukasosayensi, ukutholwa kwakhe kwaqondwa futhi kwabekwa imibono nguJoseph Louisville. Ngenxa yalokho, imisebenzi ka-Evariste yabeka isisekelo sendlela entsha - inkolelo yezinhlaka ze-algebraic ezingabonakali.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, imibono kaGalois yathola ukuthandwa, kuthathwa izibalo ziye ezingeni eliphakeme.
Ukufa
U-Evariste walimala kanzima edubini eyenzeka ngoMeyi 30, 1862 eduzane nelinye lamachibi aseParis.
Kukholakala ukuthi imbangela yalolu daba kwakuwukuthandana, kepha futhi kungaba ukucasula kwabasebukhosini.
Ama-duelists adubulana ebangeni eliqhele ngamamitha ambalwa. Inhlamvu ishaye izibalo esiswini.
Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, uGalois olimele waqashelwa ngumbukeli owamsiza ukuthi afike esibhedlela.
Kuze kube namuhla, ababhali bezazi zesayensi abakwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ngezinhloso zangempela ze-duel, futhi bathole igama lomdubuli.
U-Evariste Galois ushone ngosuku olulandelayo, ngoMeyi 31, 1832, eneminyaka engama-20.
Isithombe ngu-Evariste Galois
