U-Aristotle

U-Aristotle - Isazi sefilosofi sasendulo esingumGreki, isazi semvelo, umfundi kaPlato. Umeluleki ku-Alexander the Great, umsunguli wesikole esizimele kanye nomqondo osemthethweni. Ubhekwa njengesazi sefilosofi esidala kunazo zonke wasendulo, owabeka izisekelo zesayensi yemvelo yanamuhla.

Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography ka-Aristotle, okuzoxoxwa ngayo kulesi sihloko.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane ka-Aristotle.

Umlando ka-Aristotle

U-Aristotle wazalwa ngo-384 BC. edolobheni laseStagira, elisenyakatho neMpumalanga Greece. Mayelana nendawo yakhe yokuzalwa, wayevame ukubizwa ngeStagirite.

Isazi sefilosofi sakhula futhi sakhulela emndenini kadokotela oyifa u-Nicomachus nomkakhe uFestis. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ubaba ka-Aristotle wayengudokotela wasenkantolo wenkosi yaseMakedoniya u-Amynta III - umkhulu ka-Alexander the Great.

Ubuntwana nentsha

U-Aristotle waqala ukutadisha isayensi ehlukahlukene esemncane. Uthisha wokuqala womfana kwakungubaba wakhe, owabhala eminyakeni eyisi-6 yemilando yakhe ebhala ngemithi eyisithupha nencwadi eyodwa ngefilosofi yemvelo.

UNicomachus wazama ukunikeza indodana yakhe imfundo engcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayefuna nokuthi u-Aristotle abe ngudokotela.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uyise wafundisa umfana hhayi kuphela isayensi ngqo, kodwa nefilosofi, eyayithandwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi.

Abazali baka-Aristotle bashona esemncane. Ngenxa yalokho, umyeni kadadewabo omdala ogama lakhe linguProxen wathatha izifundo zale nsizwa.

Ngo-367 BC. e. U-Aristotle waya e-Athene. Lapho, waba nesithakazelo ezimfundisweni zikaPlato, kamuva waba umfundi wakhe.

Ngaleso sikhathi se-biography, umfana owayefuna ukwazi wayengenandaba nefilosofi kuphela, kodwa futhi nezepolitiki, i-biology, i-zoology, i-physics nezinye izayensi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wafunda ePlato's academy iminyaka engaba ngu-20.

Ngemuva kokuba u-Aristotle esungule eyakhe imibono ngokuphila, wagxeka imibono kaPlato maqondana nengqikithi yezitho zonke zomzimba.

Isazi sefilosofi sathuthukisa umbono waso - ubukhulu besimo nodaba, kanye nokuhlukaniswa komphefumulo emzimbeni.

Kamuva, u-Aristotle wathola isipho esivela kuTsar Philip 2 sokuthuthela eMakedoniya ukukhulisa u-Alexander osemusha. Ngenxa yalokho, waba iminyaka engu-8 uthisha umkhuzi umkhuzi.

Lapho u-Aristotle ebuyela e-Athene, wavula isikole sakhe sefilosofi i- "Lyceum", esaziwa kangcono njengesikole se-peripatetic.

Imfundiso yefilosofi

U-Aristotle uhlukanise yonke isayensi ngezigaba ezi-3:

• Ithiyori - i-metaphysics, i-physics ne-metaphysics.
• Okusebenzayo - izimiso zokuziphatha nezepolitiki.
• Ubuciko - zonke izinhlobo zobuciko, kufaka phakathi izinkondlo nokukhuluma.

Izimfundiso zefilosofi zazisekelwe ezimisweni eziyisi-4 eziyinhloko:

1. Okubalulekile "yilokho okuvela kukho".
2. Ifomu "yini".
3. Imbangela yokukhiqiza "isuka kuphi."
4. Umgomo uthi "kwenzenjani."

Ngokuya ngemininingwane yemvelaphi, u-Aristotle wathi izenzo zezihloko zenziwa isenzo esihle noma esibi.

Isazi sefilosofi sasingumsunguli wohlelo lokulandelana kwezigaba, okwakukhona ngqo i-10: ukuhlupheka, isikhundla, ingqikithi, ubudlelwano, ubuningi, isikhathi, ikhwalithi, indawo, ukuphatha nokwenza.

Konke okukhona kuhlukaniswe ngezakhiwo ezingaphili, umhlaba wezitshalo nezidalwa eziphilayo, umhlaba wezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane nabantu.

Emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa alandelayo, kwakwenziwa izinhlobo zezinto zombuso ezazichazwe ngu-Aristotle. Wethule umbono wakhe wesimo esihle emsebenzini "wezepolitiki".

Ngokusho kososayensi, umuntu ngamunye uyabonakala emphakathini, ngoba akaziphileli yena kuphela. Uxhumene nabanye abantu ngokusondelana, ubungani nezinye izinhlobo zobudlelwano.

Ngokusho kwezimfundiso zika-Aristotle, inhloso yenhlangano yomphakathi akuyona nje intuthuko yezomnotho kuphela, kodwa futhi nesifiso sokufeza okuhle okuvamile - i-eudemonism.

Lo mcabangi uphawule izinhlobo ezi-3 zikahulumeni ezinhle nezingu-3 ezingezinhle.

• Positive - monarchy (autocracy), aristocracy (rule of the best) nenhlonipho (state).
• Okungalungile ubushiqela (ukuphatha kobushiqela), i-oligarchy (ukubusa kwabambalwa) nentando yeningi (ukubusa kwabantu).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Aristotle wanaka kakhulu ubuciko. Isibonelo, ecabanga ngeyeshashalazi, waphetha ngokuthi ukuba khona kwesimo sokulingisa, esivela kumuntu, kumnika injabulo yangempela.

Omunye wemisebenzi eyisisekelo sefilosofi yasendulo yamaGrikhi yingoma ethi "On the Soul". Kuyo, umbhali uphakamisa imibuzo eminingi ehlobene nempilo yomphefumulo wanoma yisiphi isidalwa, echaza umehluko phakathi kokuba khona komuntu, isilwane nesitshalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Aristotle wabonakalisa ngezinzwa (ukuthinta, ukuhogela, ukuzwa, ukunambitha nokubona) kanye namakhono ama-3 omphefumulo (ukukhula, ukuzwa nokubonisa).

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isazi sicwaninge zonke izayensi ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi. Ubhale izincwadi eziningi zomqondo, i-biology, i-astronomy, i-physics, izinkondlo, i-dialectics neminye imikhakha.

Ukuqoqwa kwemisebenzi yefilosofi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Aristotle's Corpus".

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Asazi lutho ngokuphila kuka-Aristotle. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eminyakeni edlule yomlando wakhe, wayeshade kabili.

Unkosikazi wokuqala wososayensi kwakunguPythias, owayeyindodakazi yokutholwa yomashiqela u-Assos waseTroas. Kulo mshado, intombazane uPythias yazalwa.

Ngemuva kokushona komkakhe, u-Aristotle washada ngokungemthetho nenceku uHerpellis, eyamzalela indodana, uNicomachus.

Isazi besingumuntu oqondile futhi onemizwa, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngefilosofi. Ngesinye isikhathi waxabana noPlato ngokungathi sína, engavumelani nemibono yakhe, waze waqala ukugwema ithuba lokuhlangana nomfundi.

Ukufa

Ngemva kokufa kuka-Alexander the Great, ukuvukela umbuso waseMakedoniya kwaqala ukuvela kaningi e-Athene. Ngalesi sikhathi ku-biography ka-Aristotle, njengomeluleki wangaphambili womkhuzi, abaningi basolwa ngokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu.

Umcabangi kwakudingeka ashiye e-Athene ukuze agweme isiphetho esidabukisayo sikaSocrates - onobuthi. Inkulumo ethi "Ngifuna ukusindisa abase-Athene ebugebengwini obusha obuphikisana nefilosofi" eyashiwo nguye, yathola udumo olukhulu.

Ngokushesha, isihlakaniphi, kanye nabafundi baso, baya esiqhingini sase-Evia. Ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva, ngo-322 BC, u-Aristotle wabulawa yisifo sesisu esiqhubekayo. Ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engama-62.

Isithombe ngu-Aristotle

Bukela ividiyo: The Sound of the Modern Greek language Numbers, Greetings, Words u0026 UDHR (May 2025).