UDmitry Sergeevich Likhachev - Isazi sefilosofi saseSoviet nesaseRussia, isazi sezenkolo, umgxeki wezobuciko, uDokotela wePhilology, uSolwazi. Usihlalo weBhodi leRussia (Soviet kuze kube ngu-1991) Cultural Foundation (1986-1993). Umbhali wemisebenzi eyisisekelo emlandweni wezincwadi zaseRussia.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaDmitry Likhachev, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane kaDmitry Likhachev.
Biography nguDmitry Likhachev
UDmitry Likhachev wazalwa ngoNovemba 15 (28), 1906 eSt. Wakhulela emndenini ohlakaniphile onemali encane.
Ubaba wephilologist, uSergei Mikhailovich, wayesebenza njengonjiniyela kagesi, futhi umama wakhe, uVera Semyonovna, wayengumama wekhaya.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngesikhathi esemusha, uDmitry wanquma ngokuqinile ukuthi wayefuna ukuxhumanisa impilo yakhe nolimi lwesiRussia nezincwadi.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uLikhachev wangena eLeningrad University eMnyangweni Wezobuciko Womkhakha Wezesayensi Yezenhlalo.
Ngesikhathi efunda eyunivesithi, lo mfundi wayengomunye wamalungu ombuthano ongaphansi komhlaba, lapho afunda khona ngokujulile ifilosofi yasendulo yamaSlav. Ngo-1928 waboshwa ngamacala emisebenzi elwa namaSoviet.
Inkantolo yaseSoviet yanquma ukudingisela uDmitry Likhachev eziQhingini zaseSolovetsky ezazidume kabi, ezisemanzini oLwandle Olumhlophe. Kamuva wathunyelwa lapho kwakhiwa khona iBelomorkanal, kwathi ngo-1932 wakhululwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi "sokuphumelela emsebenzini."
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isikhathi esichithwa emakamu asizange siphule uLikhachev. Ngemuva kokubhekana nazo zonke lezi zivivinyo, wabuyela eLeningrad yangakubo ukuze ayoqedela imfundo ephakeme.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, Dmitriem Likhachev izuzwe zero inkolelo, okwathi ngemva kwalokho waziphonsa phansi ngesayensi. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi iminyaka yomlando wakhe ayichitha ejele yamsiza ezifundweni ze-philological.
Isayensi nobuciko
Ekuqaleni kweMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945), uDmitry Likhachev wagcina esevinjezelwe iLeningrad. Futhi nakuba kwakudingeka alwele ukuba khona kwakhe nsuku zonke, akazange ayeke ukutadisha imibhalo yasendulo yaseRussia.
Ngo-1942 udokotela wezifundo zemilingo wayiswa eKazan, lapho ayesasebenza khona kwezesayensi.
Ngokushesha ososayensi baseRussia baqokomisa umsebenzi weLikhachev osemusha. Babona ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe udinga ukunakwa okukhethekile.
Kamuva, umphakathi womhlaba ufunde ngocwaningo lukaDmitry Sergeevich. Baqala ukumbiza ngochwepheshe ojulile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yefilology namasiko aseRussia, kusukela ezincwadini zeSlavic kuya ezenzakalweni zesimanje.
Ngokusobala, ngaphambi kwakhe akekho owayekwazile ukutadisha futhi achaze ngokucophelela okuqukethwe kweminyaka engu-1000 kwezingokomoya, kanye namasiko amaSlavic nawaseRussia, ngezinga elikhulu kangaka.
Isifundiswa sihlolisise ukuxhumana kwabo okunganqamuki neziqongo zomhlaba nezengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi eside waqongelela futhi wasabalalisa amandla esayensi ezindaweni ezibaluleke kakhulu zocwaningo.
UDmitry Likhachev wenze umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yezemfundo e-USSR. Isikhathi esingaphezu kweshumi, wazama ukuhambisa eyakhe imibono nemicabango yakhe emphakathini.
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMikhail Gorbachev, isizukulwane sabantu sakhula ezinhlelweni zakhe ezazisakazwa kuthelevishini, namuhla ezingezabamele isigaba somqondo womphakathi.
Le mibukiso ye-TV kwakuwukuxhumana kwamahhala phakathi komethuli nezethameli.
Kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe, uLikhachev akazange ayeke ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini yokuhlela nokushicilela, elungisa ngokuzimela izinto zososayensi abasha.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isazi sefilosofi besilokhu sizama ukuphendula izinhlamvu ezingenakubalwa eza kuye zivela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zezwe lakhe elikhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wayenesimo sengqondo esingalungile ngokukhonjiswa kobuzwe. Unemisho elandelayo:
“Kunomehluko ojulile phakathi kokushisekela izwe nokushisekela ubuzwe. Kokuqala - ukuthanda izwe lakho, kwesibili - ukuzonda wonke umuntu. "
U-Likhachev wayehlukaniswe nabalingani bakhe abaningi ngokuqonda kwakhe nesifiso sakhe sokuthola iqiniso. Isibonelo, wagxeka noma yiziphi izimfundiso zetulo lokuqonda izehlakalo zomlando futhi akazange akuthathe njengokulungile ukuqaphela indima kaMesiya emlandweni wesintu.
UDmitry Likhachev uhlale ethembekile ezweni lakubo lasePetersburg. Wanikezwa kaningi ukuthuthela eMoscow, kodwa wayehlala enqaba noma yikuphi okunikezwayo okunjalo.
Mhlawumbe lokhu bekungenxa yePushkin House, ebihlala i-Institute of Russian Literature, lapho uLikhachev asebenze khona iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60.
Eminyakeni edlule yomlando wakhe, isazi sezemfundo sishicilele cishe imisebenzi yobuntatheli engaba ngu-500 nesayensi. Umbuthano wezintshisekelo zakhe zesayensi waqala ngokufunda ngomdwebo wesithonjana futhi waphela ngokufunda ngempilo yasejele yeziboshwa.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UDmitry Likhachev wayeyindoda eyisibonelo eyaphila impilo yakhe yonke nenkosikazi eyodwa egama linguZinaida Alexandrovna. I-philologist yahlangana nomkakhe wesikhathi esizayo ngo-1932, lapho esebenza njenge-proofreader e-Academy of Sciences.
Kulo mshado, lo mbhangqwana wawunamawele amabili - uLyudmila noVera. Ngokusho kukaLikhachev uqobo, ukuzwana nokuthandana kuye kwabusa njalo phakathi kwakhe nomkakhe.
Usosayensi wayengakaze abe yilungu leQembu LamaKhomanisi, futhi wenqaba nokusayina izincwadi ezibhekiswe kwabadumile bamasiko e-USSR. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayengeyena ophikisayo, kodwa kunalokho wazama ukuthola ukuvumelana nombuso waseSoviet.
Ukufa
Ekwindla ngo-1999, uDmitry Likhachev wangeniswa esibhedlela iBotkin, lapho ngokushesha ahlinzwa khona ngomdlavuza.
Kodwa-ke, imizamo yodokotela yaba yize. UDmitry Sergeevich Likhachev ushone ngoSepthemba 30, 1999 eneminyaka engama-92. Izizathu zokushona kuka-academician kwakuyizinkinga zokuguga namathumbu.
Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, usosayensi uthole imiklomelo eminingi yamazwe omhlaba nokuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayeyintandokazi yabantu bangempela, futhi engomunye wabagqugquzeli abaqhakazile bokuziphatha nengokomoya.
Isithombe nguDmitry Likhachev
