Omar Khayyam Nishapuri - Isazi sefilosofi sasePheresiya, isazi sezibalo, isazi sezinkanyezi nomlobi. UKhayyam ube nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwe-algebra ngokwakha ukuhlukaniswa kwama-cubic equation nokuwaxazulula ngokusebenzisa izigaba ze-conic. Yaziwa ngokudala amakhalenda anembe kakhulu asetshenziswayo namuhla.
I-biography ka-Omar Khayyam igcwele amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo avela empilweni yakhe yesayensi, yezenkolo kanye neyomuntu siqu.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane ka-Omar Khayyam.
Umlando ka-Omar Khayyam
U-Omar Khayyam wazalwa ngoMeyi 18, 1048 edolobheni lase-Iran laseNishapur. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini wamatende.
Ngaphezu kuka-Omar, abazali bakhe babenendodakazi, u-Aisha.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Kusukela esemncane, u-Omar Khayyam wayehlukaniswa ilukuluku nokoma kolwazi.
Kakade eneminyaka engu-8, umfana wafunda ngokujulile isayensi efana nezibalo, ifilosofi nesayensi yezinkanyezi. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography, wayifunda ngokuphelele incwadi engcwele yamaSulumane - iKoran.
Ngokushesha, u-Omar waba ngomunye wamadoda ahlakaniphe kunabo bonke edolobheni futhi waba sezweni. Wayenamakhono amahle kakhulu wokukhuluma, futhi wayazi kahle imithetho nezimiso zamaSulumane.
U-Omar Khayyam waduma njengongoti weKoran, ngenxa yalokho baphendukela kuye ukuze bathole usizo lokuhumusha eminye yemiyalo engcwele.
Lapho isazi sefilosofi sasineminyaka engu-16 ubudala, inhlekelele yokuqala enkulu yenzeka kumlando wakhe. Phakathi nobhadane, bobabili abazali bakhe bafa.
Ngemuva kwalokho, u-Khayyam unquma ukuya eSamarkand, enesifiso esikhulu sokuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe kwezesayensi ezahlukahlukene. Uthengisa indlu kayise nendawo yokusebenzela, ngemuva kwalokho aqale uhambo.
Ngokushesha uSultan Melik Shah 1 wadonsela ukunakekela u-Omar Khayyam, lapho inkantolo yaqala ukwenza ucwaningo lwayo futhi yabhala.
Umsebenzi weSayensi
U-Omar Khayyam wayengumuntu ophelele futhi engomunye wososayensi abanekhono kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe. Wafunda izinhlobonhlobo zesayensi nemikhakha yokusebenza.
Isazi sikwazile ukwenza uchungechunge lwezibalo zezinkanyezi, lapho sakwazi khona ukwakha ikhalenda elinembe kakhulu emhlabeni. Namuhla leli khalenda lisetshenziswa e-Iran.
U-Omar wayezithanda kakhulu izibalo. Ngenxa yalokho, intshisekelo yakhe yathululela ekuhlaziyweni komqondo ka-Euclid, kanye nokwakhiwa kohlelo olwehlukile lokubala kwama-quadratic and cubic equations.
U-Khayyam wazibonakalisa ngobuchwepheshe bemibono, wenza izibalo ezijulile futhi wadala ukuhlukaniswa kwama-equation. Izincwadi zakhe ze-algebra nezejiyometri azikalahli ukubaluleka kwazo kwezesayensi.
Izincwadi
Namuhla, ababhali bomlando ka-Omar Khayyam abakwazi ukuthola inani eliqondile lemisebenzi yesayensi kanye namaqoqo emibhalo epeni le-Iranian ekhanyayo.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngemuva kokushona kuka-Omar, izisho eziningi kanye ne-quatrains zafakwa kule mbongi ukuze kugwenywe ukujeziswa kwabalobi bokuqala.
Ngenxa yalokho, izinganekwane zasePheresiya zaba umsebenzi kaKhayyam. Kungalesi sizathu-ke ukuthi ukubhala kwembongi kuvame ukubuzwa.
Namuhla izazi zemibhalo zikwazile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi eminyakeni edlule yomlando wakhe, u-Omar Khayyam wabhala okungenani imisebenzi engama-300 esenkondlweni.
Namuhla igama lembongi yasendulo lihlotshaniswa kakhulu neziqu zakhe ezijulile - "rubai". Zigqame ngokuqhathaniswa nesizinda somunye umsebenzi wesikhathi lapho uKhayyam ayehlala khona.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokubhala i-rubai ubukhona bombhali "Mina" - umlingiswa olula ongenzanga lutho ngobuqhawe, kepha obonisa incazelo yempilo, inkambiso yokuziphatha, abantu, izenzo nezinye izinto.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngaphambi kokuvela kukaKhayyam, yonke imisebenzi yayibhalwe kuphela ngababusi namaqhawe, hhayi ngabantu abavamile.
U-Omar wasebenzisa ulimi olulula nezibonelo ezibonisa okuqondakala kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngasikhathi sinye, yonke imisebenzi yakhe yagcwaliswa ngokuziphatha okujule kakhulu, okungabanjwa noma yimuphi umfundi.
Ukuba nomqondo wezibalo, u-Khayyam ubhekisa ekuguqukeni nasemqondweni ezinkondlweni zakhe. Akukho okungadingekile kuzo, kodwa kunalokho, igama ngalinye liveza umcabango nomqondo wombhali ngangokunokwenzeka.
Imibono ka-Omar Khayyam
U-Omar wayenesithakazelo esikhulu kwezenkolo, eveza ngesibindi imibono yakhe engajwayelekile. Wadumisa ukubaluleka komuntu ojwayelekile, kanye nezifiso zakhe zemvelo kanye nezidingo zakhe.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uKhayyam wahlukanisa ngokusobala ukukholwa kuNkulunkulu nezisekelo zenkolo. Waphikisa ngokuthi uNkulunkulu usemphefumulweni wabo bonke abantu, nokuthi akasoze amshiya.
U-Omar Khayyam wayezondwa abefundisi abaningi bamaSulumane. Lokhu kwakudalwa ukuthi usosayensi owayazi iKoran wayevame ukuhumusha imininingwane yayo njengoba eyibona ilungile, hhayi njengoba yamukelwa emphakathini.
Kuningi imbongi ebhale ngothando. Ikakhulukazi, wayemthanda lona wesifazane, ekhuluma ngaye kuphela ngendlela enhle.
UKhayyam ukhuthaze abesilisa ukuthi bathande ubulili obuthakathaka futhi benze konke okusemandleni ukumjabulisa. Uthe kowesilisa, owesifazane othandekayo umklomelo omkhulu kakhulu.
Imisebenzi eminingi ka-Omar yenzelwe ubungani, ayithatha njengesipho esivela kuSomandla. Le mbongi inxuse abantu ukuthi bangakhohlisi abangane babo futhi bakwazise ukuxhumana kwabo.
Umbhali uqobo uvumile ukuthi angathanda ukuba yedwa, "kunokuba nanoma ngubani nje."
U-Omar Khayyam wakugxeka ngesibindi ukungabi nabulungisa komhlaba futhi wagcizelela ukungaboni kwabantu ngamanani ayisisekelo empilweni. Wazama ukuchazela umuntu ukuthi injabulo ayincikile entweni ethile noma endaweni ephakeme emphakathini.
Ekucabangeni kwakhe, u-Khayyam wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi umuntu kufanele abalule wonke umzuzu aphila ngawo futhi akwazi ukuthola izikhathi ezinhle ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima kakhulu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Yize u-Omar Khayyam adumisa uthando nabesifazane ngayo yonke indlela, yena ngokwakhe akakaze ayizwe injabulo yempilo yomshado. Wayengenayo imali yokuqala umndeni, ngoba wayehlala esebenza ngaphansi kosongo lokushushiswa.
Mhlawumbe yingakho i-freethinker ihlala yodwa impilo yayo yonke.
Ukuguga nokufa
Yonke imisebenzi ka-Omar Khayyam esasinda kuze kube yilolu suku iyingxenye encane yocwaningo lwakhe oluphelele. Wayengabelana ngemibono yakhe nalokho akubonayo nabantu ngomlomo kuphela.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ngaleso sikhathi esinzima, isayensi yaba yingozi ezikhungweni zezenkolo, nokuyisizathu esasenza sigxekwe size sishushiswe.
Noma ikuphi ukucabanga ngokukhululeka nokuhamba emasikweni amisiwe kungaholela ekufeni komuntu.
U-Omar Khayyam waphila impilo ende futhi enemicimbi. Kwaphela amashumi amaningi eminyaka esebenza ngaphansi kokuphathwa yinhloko yezwe. Kodwa-ke, ngokufa kwakhe, isazi sefilosofi sashushiswa ngemicabango yaso.
Izinsuku zokugcina zomlando kaKhayyam zidlule ngokudinga. Vala abantu bamfulathela, ngenxa yalokho waba ngundabamlonyeni.
Ngokusho kwenganekwane, usosayensi udlule ngokuthula, ngokuqonda, njengokungathi usesikhathini, ukwamukela ngokuphelele okwakwenzeka. U-Omar Khayyam ushone ngoDisemba 4, 1131 eneminyaka engama-83.
Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wageza, ngemuva kwalokho wathandaza kuNkulunkulu futhi wafa.