UVissarion Grigorievich Belinsky - Umgxeki wezincwadi waseRussia nomuntu othanda izindaba. Belinsky wasebenza ikakhulukazi njengomhlaziyi etemibhalo, ngoba le ndawo kwaba okungenani ihlolwe.
Uvumelane namaSlavophil ukuthi umphakathi uhamba phambili kunokuzimela, kepha ngasikhathi sinye waphikisa ngokuthi umphakathi kufanele uthembeke ekuvezeni imibono namalungelo angawodwana.
Ku-biography kaVissarion Belinsky kwakukhona izivivinyo eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kepha futhi kwakukhona namaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo empilweni yakhe yangasese neyokubhala.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane kaBelinsky.
Biography Vissarion Belinsky
UVissarion Belinsky wazalelwa eSveaborg (eFinland) ngoMeyi 30 (Juni 11) 1811. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini kadokotela.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi inhloko yomndeni yayingumuntu othanda ukucabanga futhi yayingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, okwakuyinto engajwayelekile ngaleso sikhathi. Ngalesi sizathu, abantu bakugweme ukuxhumana noBelinsky Sr. futhi baphathwa nguye uma kuphuthumayo.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Lapho Vissarion kwaba ngokulambisa 5 ubudala, umndeni Belinsky bathuthela esifundazweni Penza. Umfana wathola imfundo yakhe yamabanga aphansi kumfundisi wendawo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ubaba wafundisa indodana yakhe ulimi lwesiLatini.
Lapho ngineminyaka engu-14, Belinsky waqala ukufunda ejimini. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, waba nentshisekelo enkulu kulimi lwesiRussia nasezincwadini. Njengoba imfundo yakhe ejimini yasala ingathandeki, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi waqala ukweqa amakilasi kaningi.
Ngo-1825, uVissarion Belinsky waphasa ngempumelelo izivivinyo eMoscow University. Phakathi nale minyaka, wayehlala ehlala ngesandla ngomlomo, ngoba umndeni wawungeke ukwazi ukukhokha ngokuphelele isondlo nokuqeqeshwa kwakhe.
Kodwa-ke, umfundi uqhubeke nezifundo zakhe naphezu kokulingwa okuningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uVissarion waklonyeliswa umfundaze, ngenxa yalokho aqala ukutadisha ngemali yomphakathi.
Kamuva, umbuthano omncane wahlangana nxazonke zikaBelinsky, owahlukaniswa ngokuhlakanipha kwakhe okukhulu. Kwakuhlanganisa abantu abanjengo-Alexander Herzen, uNikolai Stankevich, uNikolai Ogarev nabanye abathanda izincwadi.
Abantu abasha baxoxe ngemisebenzi eyahlukene, baphinde bakhuluma nangepolitiki. Ngamunye wabo waveza umbono wakhe wokuthuthukiswa kweRussia.
Ngenkathi enza unyaka wakhe wesibili, uVissarion Belinsky wabhala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala othi "Dmitry Kalinin". Kuyo, umbhali wagxeka serfdom, amasiko esungulwe kanye namalungelo abanikazi bomhlaba.
Lapho le ncwadi iwela ezandleni zabahloli bezincwadi eMoscow University, yayingavunyelwe ukushicilelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Belinsky wasongelwa ekudingisweni imibono yakhe. Ukwehluleka kokuqala kwalandelwa ukugula nokuxoshwa kwabafundi eyunivesithi.
Ukuziphilisa, uVissarion waqala ukuzibandakanya ekuhumusheni kwezincwadi. Ngasikhathi sinye, wenza imali ngokunikeza izifundo ezizimele.
Ukugxekwa kwemibhalo
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Belinsky wahlangana Boris Nadezhdin, umnikazi ncwadi Teleskop. Umngane omusha wamyisa emsebenzini wokuhumusha.
Ngo-1834 uVissarion Belinsky washicilela inothi lakhe lokuqala elibucayi, elaba yisiqalo emsebenzini wakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography, wayevame ukuya emibuthanweni yokubhala kaKonstantin Aksakov noSemyon Selivansky.
Umgxeki wayesabhekene nobunzima bezezimali, evame ukusuka kwenye indawo aye kwenye. Kamuva waqala ukusebenza njengonobhala wombhali uSergei Poltoratsky.
Ngenkathi ngo-1836 i- "Telescope" yaphela, uBelinsky wagxila kakhulu ebuphofini. Ngosizo lwabangane bakudala kuphela, wayengasinda ngandlela-thile.
Lapho u-Aksakov emema uVissarion ukuba afundise eConstantine Survey Institute. Ngakho-ke, uBelinsky wayenomsebenzi ozinzile isikhathi esithile nethuba lokuzibandakanya ngokubhala.
Kamuva, umgxeki unquma ukushiya iMoscow aye eSt. Wayenentshisekelo ngamandla amasha efilosofi, ikakhulukazi eyathathwa yimibono kaHegel noSchelling.
Kusukela ngo-1840, Belinsky ngesimo esidelelayo wagxeka inqubekela phambili yezinqumo, ukubeka isiphetho somuntu othile ngenhla ikusasa nezintshisakalo zomhlaba.
Umbhali wayengumsekeli womqondo. Wayengakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu futhi ezincwadini azibhalela uGogol wagxeka imikhuba yesonto kanye nezisekelo.
I-biography ye-Vissarion Belinsky ixhunyaniswe ngokuphelele nokugxekwa kobuchwepheshe. Ukusekela imizwa yaseNtshonalanga, wayephikisana nemibono yama-populism kanye neSlavophil esakaza ubukhokho kanye namasiko aphelelwe yisikhathi.
UVissarion Grigorievich wayengumsunguli wendlela yesayensi kulokhu, ngokuba ngumsekeli we "isikole semvelo". Wabiza umsunguli wakhe ngokuthi uNikolai Gogol.
U-Belinsky wahlukanisa imvelo yomuntu yaba ngokomoya nangokwenyama. Uveze ukuthi ubuciko bumele ikhono lokucabanga ngendlela engokomfanekiso, futhi lokhu kulula njengokucabanga okunengqondo.
Ngenxa yemibono kaBelinsky, kwavela umbono wokubhala wemibhalo yamasiko angokomoya aseRussia. Ifa lakhe lokudala liqukethe inani elikhulu lama-athikili abucayi nezincazelo zesimo semibhalo yaseRussia maphakathi nekhulu le-19.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Yize uVissarion Belinsky wayenabangane abaningi nabantu ayejwayelene nabo, wayevame ukungashiyi umzwangedwa. Ngalesi sizathu, wayefuna ukuqala umndeni, kepha izinkinga ezingapheli zemali nezempilo zamvimbela ekufezeni le njongo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Belinsky waqala ukunakekela Maria Orlova. Le ntombazane yahlatshwa umxhwele umsebenzi wombhali futhi yajabula ukuhambisana nayo lapho ikwamanye amadolobha.
Ngo-1843 abantu abasha banquma ukushada. Ngaleso sikhathi babeneminyaka engama-32 ubudala.
Ngokushesha lo mbhangqwana waba nendodakazi, u-Olga. Bese kuthi emndenini Belinsky wazala indodana, uVladimir, owashona ngemva kwezinyanga ezine.
Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, uVissarion Belinsky uthathe noma yimuphi umsebenzi ukuhlinzekela unkosikazi nengane yakhe. Kodwa-ke, umndeni uvame ukubhekana nobunzima bezezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugxeka kwakuvame ukuhluleka kwezempilo.
Ukufa
Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, uVissarion Belinsky impilo yawohloka kakhulu. Wayehlala ezizwa ebuthakathaka futhi ehlushwa ukudla okuqhubekayo.
Eminyakeni engu-3 ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uBelinsky waya eningizimu yeRussia ukuthola ukwelashwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, wazama ukululama esibhedlela esiseFrance, kepha lokhu akuzange kunikeze miphumela. Umbhali wagijimela esikweletini kakhulu.
UVissarion Grigorievich Belinsky ushone ngoMeyi 26 (Juni 7) 1848 eSt. Petersburg, eneminyaka engama-36. Yile ndlela afa ngayo omunye wabagxeki abanethalente emibhalweni yaseRussia.
