Indoda enezingalo eziningi, ihlezi phezu kwegundane noma igundane. Ngandlela thile, lena nguGanesha - unkulunkulu wokuhlakanipha nokuchuma kumaHindu. Minyaka yonke, ngosuku lwesine lwenyanga yaseBhadrapada, amaHindu abamba imikhosi yokuhlonipha uGanesh izinsuku eziyi-10, ehamba emigwaqweni nezithombe zakhe, ezigcwiliswa emfuleni.
Kubantu baseNdiya, indlovu iyisilwane esijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, indlovu iyaziwa nakwamanye amasiko. Vele, isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni sihlonishwa yonke indawo. Kepha, ngasikhathi sinye, le nhlonipho inemvelo enhle, ifana nohlamvu lwesilwane uqobo lwaso. “Njengendlovu yaseshayina,” siyahlekisa, yize indlovu, elungiselelwe ubukhulu bayo, iyisilwane esishesha kalula, futhi sihle. "Wie ein Elefant im Porzellanladen", - amaJalimane ananela, isitolo sawo sesivele senziwe ngobumba. "Indlovu ayikhohlwa" - kusho isiNgisi, okusho ukukhumbula okuhle nokuphindisela izindlovu. "
Ngubani ongakaze abone amasethi anjalo?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngubani phakathi kwethu, owayevakashele e-zoo, ongazange athandwe yimvelo enhle yamehlo endlovu ahlakaniphile? Le colossus enkulu yayihlala izungeza indawo ebiyelwe, inganaki kangako izingane eziklabalazayo neziklinyayo. Izindlovu esekisini zisebenza sengathi ziyasibona isidingo sakho konke lokhu kugibela phezu kwezisekelo, zihamba ngesignali yomqeqeshi, zize zikhuphuke emakhanda ziye esigubhini.
Indlovu iyisilwane esiyingqayizivele hhayi ngobukhulu bayo noma ubuhlakani bayo kuphela. Izindlovu zashaqisa ngokoqobo ososayensi ababezibuke iminyaka eminingi. Lezi zidumbu ezinkulu zinakekela izingane ngokuthinta, azihlangani nezidalwa nganoma iyiphi indlela, ziyaneliseka ngokuncane ezimweni ezinzima, futhi zize ngokugcwele uma kuvela ithuba. Ngosuku olushisayo, indlovu yesimanje ingafafaza amanzi esiqwini sabavakashi be-zoo abacasulayo. Okhokho bakhe bethusa amatilosi amaPutukezi, ebhukuda oLwandle i-Atlantic amakhilomitha ayikhulu ukusuka ogwini.
1. Izindlovu zezindlovu ziguqulwa zibe izintambo eziphezulu. Amazinyo ahlukile kuyo yonke imithambeka, ngaphandle kwezindlovu zaseNdiya, ezingenazo izinyosi. Ukuma nobungako bebhokisi ngalinye lamazinyo kuyehlukile. Lokhu kubangelwa, okokuqala, ukuzalwa ngofuzo, okwesibili, ngamandla okusetshenziswa kwamazinyo, futhi, okwesithathu, futhi lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esigqame kakhulu sokuthi indlovu ingakwesobunxele noma ingakwesokudla. Umsila otholakala ohlangothini "olusebenzayo" uvame ukuba mncane ngosayizi. Ngokwesilinganiso, amabamba afinyelela ku-1.5 - 2 wamamitha ubude futhi anesisindo esingama-25 - 40 kilograms (isisindo sezinyo elilula sifinyelela ku-3 kg). Izindlovu zaseNdiya zinamazinyo amancane kunabalingani bazo base-Afrika.
Indlovu enkulu
2. Ukuba khona kwezinyosi kucishe kwazibulala izindlovu njengezilwane. Ngokungena kwabantu baseYurophu kancane kancane e-Afrika, ukuqothulwa kohlanga kwalezi ziqhwaga kwaqala. Ngokukhishwa kwamazinyo, abizwa "ngezinyo lendlovu", kwabulawa amashumi ezinkulungwane zezindlovu minyaka yonke. Kakade ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, umthamo wemakethe yezinyo lendlovu wawulinganiselwa kumathani ayi-600 ngonyaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwakungekho sidingo se-utilitarian ekukhipheni nasekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo evela ezindlekweni zezindlovu. I-Ivory yayisetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-trinket, abalandeli, amathambo e-domino, amabhilidi amabhilidi, okhiye bezinsimbi zomculo nezinye izinto ezidingeka kakhulu ekusindeni kwesintu. Abalondolozi bemvelo bakhala i-alamu vele ngawo-1930, lapho ukuvalwa kokuqala kokumbiwa kwezinyo lendlovu kuvela. Ngokuhlelekile, ngezikhathi ezithile, iziphathimandla zamazwe lapho izindlovu zitholakala khona zikhawulela noma zivimbele ukuzingelwa kwezindlovu nokuthengiswa kwamazinyo. Izithibelo zisiza ukukhulisa usayizi wabantu, kepha azixazululi inkinga ngokuyisisekelo. Kunezici ezimbili eziyinhloko ezilwelwa izindlovu: izindleko zezinyo lendlovu kanye nomthelela wokukhishwa kwazo emnothweni wamazwe ampofu kakhulu. EChina, ebihola phambili ekucutshungweni kwezinyosi ezivela eMelika, ikhilogremu lazo libiza ngaphezu kuka- $ 2,000 emakethe emnyama. Ngenxa yemali enjalo, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bangagcina izinyosi e-savanna iminyaka belindele imvume elandelayo noma bathengise izimpondo zendlovu, noma ukuyikhipha, nokuyinto efanayo. Futhi izimvume ezinjalo zikhishwa nguhulumeni ngezikhathi ezithile, kubhekiswe esimweni esinzima somnotho.
Kepha ukuhweba ngamazinyo endlovu akuvumelekile ...
3. Akukho lutho oluhle ekwandeni ngokungakhethi kwenani lezindlovu, kanye nokudutshulwa ngokungacabangi kwalezi zilwane. Yebo, bahlakaniphile, ngokuvamile banesimo esihle futhi ngokuvamile abanabungozi. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukudla kwansuku zonke kwendlovu esikhulile kungafika kuma-400 kilogram wemifino (lokhu, akusikho okujwayelekile, kepha kuyithuba, ezindlovu zase-zoo zidla cishe ukudla okungu-50 kg, kepha ikhalori eliphakeme kakhulu). Umuntu oyedwa udinga indawo engamakhilomitha ama-5 ngokudla konyaka2... Ngokunjalo, imidondoshiya eyizinkulungwane "eyengeziwe" izothatha indawo elingana namazwe amabili njengeLuxembourg. Futhi inani labantu base-Afrika likhula njalo, okungukuthi, amasimu amasha ayalinywa futhi kutshalwe izingadi ezintsha. Izindlovu, njengoba sekukhonjisiwe, yizilwane ezihlakaniphile, futhi ziyawuqonda kahle umehluko phakathi kotshani obuqinile noma amagatsha nommbila. Ngakho-ke, abalimi base-Afrika bavame ukuthatha umbono ongemuhle ngokuvinjelwa kwezindlovu ezizingelayo.
4. Ngaphezu kwemithi, izindlovu zinesici esisodwa ngaphezulu esenza umuntu ngamunye ahluke - izindlebe. Ngokuqondile, iphethini yemithambo nama-capillaries ezindlebeni. Ngaphandle kokuthi izindlebe zezindlovu zimbozwe ngesikhumba esifinyelela ku-4 cm nhlangothi zombili, leli phethini libonakala kahle. Kuyinto yomuntu ngamunye njengezigxivizo zeminwe zomuntu. Izindlovu zithole izindlebe ezinkulu ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ukushisa kudluliswa kakhulu ngenethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi esezindlebeni, okungukuthi, indawo enkulu yezindlebe, kukhulu kakhulu ukudluliswa kokushisa. Ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo kukhulisa ukuhanjiswa kwezindlebe. Yiqiniso, izindlebe ezinkulu zinikeza izindlovu ukuzwa okuhle. Ngasikhathi sinye, uhla lokuzwa ezindlovu luhlukile kolwabantu - izindlovu zizwa imisindo yemvamisa ephansi engathathwa ngabantu. Izindlovu futhi zihlukanisa ithoni yomsindo, ziyezwa futhi ziyawuqonda umculo. Ngokusho kweminye imibiko, bahlala bexhumana nezihlobo zabo ngezindlebe zabo, njengokuthinta kwezandla zomuntu.
5. Ukubona kwezindlovu, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane ze-savannah, akubalulekile. Kepha lokhu akuyona into embi, kepha kungumphumela wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Izindlovu azidingi ukubhekisisa izisulu noma izilwane eziyingozi. Ukudla ngeke kuyibalekele indlovu, kanti izilwane ezidla ezinye ziyobalekela indlela yezindlovu, kungakhathalekile ukuthi izigebenga zizibonile noma cha. Inhlanganisela yokubona, ukuzwa nephunga kwanele ukuhamba esikhaleni nasekuxhumaneni nabantu.
6. Inqubo yokukhulelwa, ukuzala, ukuzala nokukhulisa abantwana ezindlovu inzima kakhulu. Umzimba wowesifazane ubhekwe ngendlela yokuthi ezimeni ezingathandeki zemvelo, ngisho nabesifazane asebefinyelele ebusheni noma asebevele babeletha bangavuthisi, okungukuthi, abakwazi ukukhulelwa inzalo. Ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, "iwindi lamathuba" lowesilisa lihlala izinsuku ezimbili kuphela. Ukukhwelana kuvame ukufunwa ngabesilisa abaningana abahlala ngokuhlukile esizweni esakhiwa abesifazane nezinsana. Ngokunjalo, ilungelo lokuba ngubaba litholwa ngama-duels. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, ubaba uthatha umhlalaphansi, futhi umama okhulelwe uwela ngaphansi komhlambi wonke. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezingama-20 kuye kwangama-24, kuya ngohlobo lwezindlovu, isimo sowesifazane kanye nokukhula kombungu. Izindlovu zesifazane zaseNdiya zivame ukuthwala izingane ngokushesha kunezindlovu zase-Afrika. Insikazi esikhulile isiza ukuzala umama. Imvamisa kuzalwa indlovu eyodwa, amawele ayivelakancane. Kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha, udla ubisi lukamama (amafutha alo afinyelela ku-11%), bese eqala ukuklabha imifino. Ezinye izindlovu zesifazane nazo zingamfunza ngobisi. Kukholakala ukuthi kusukela eminyakeni emibili ubudala indlovu iyakwazi ukondla ngaphandle kobisi - ngalesi sikhathi ifunda ukusebenzisa umboko. Kepha umama wakhe angamondla aze afike eminyakeni emi-4 - 5. Indlovu iba ngumuntu omdala lapho ineminyaka eyi-10 - 12, futhi noma ineminyaka engu-15 ubudala. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, uyasuswa emhlambini ukuze aphile ngokuzimela. Ngemuva kokubeletha, insikazi iqala inqubo ende yokululama. Isikhathi sayo futhi sincike ezimeni zangaphandle, futhi singafika eminyakeni eyi-12.
Isigameko esingajwayelekile endle: izingane zezindlovu ezineminyaka efanayo emhlambini ofanayo
7. Izinsolo zokuthi izindlovu ziyadakwa ngemuva kokudla izithelo ezibolile zesihlahla se-marula kungenzeka ukuthi ziyiphutha - izindlovu kufanele zidle izithelo eziningi kakhulu. Okungenani, lesi yiso kanye isiphetho ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo base-University of Bristol abafikile kuso. Mhlawumbe i-video enezindlovu ezidakiwe, eyokuqala eyadutshulwa ngumqondisi owaziwayo uJamie Weiss emuva ngonyaka we-1974 ngefilimu i-Animals Are Beautiful People, ithwebula izindlovu ezidakiwe ngemuva kokudla umhlanganiso owenziwe ekhaya. Izindlovu zikha isithelo esiwile emigodini bese sizivumela zibole kahle. Izindlovu eziqeqeshiwe azihambelani notshwala. Njengendlela yokuvimbela imikhuhlane kanye ne-tranquilizer, banikezwa i-vodka ngesilinganiso selitha elilodwa ebhakedeni lamanzi noma letiye.
Ukube nje bamxosha emsamo ...
8. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi eside lukhombisile ukuthi izindlovu ziyakwazi ukuxhumana zodwa zisebenzisa imisindo, ukuma komzimba nokushukuma komzimba. Bayakwazi ukuveza uzwela, uzwela, uthando olusuka enhliziyweni. Uma umhlambi uhlangana nendlovu esinde ngengozi, izokwamukelwa. Ezinye izindlovu zesifazane zidlala ngothando nabobulili obuhlukile, zibagcona. Ingxoxo phakathi kwezindlovu ezimbili emi eduze komunye nomunye ingahlala amahora amaningi. Baze baqonda nenhloso yemicibisholo enamaphilisi okulala futhi kaningi bazama ukuyikhipha emzimbeni wesihlobo. Izindlovu azigcini ngokufafaza izidumbu zezihlobo zazo ezifile ngezinduku namaqabunga. Ezithele phezu kwezinsalela zenye indlovu, uyama phambi kwazo amahora amaningana, njengokungathi ukhokha umufi. Njengezinkawu, izindlovu zingasebenzisa izinti ukugwema izinambuzane. EThailand, izindlovu eziningana zafundiswa ukudweba, futhi eSouth Korea, indlovu eqeqeshiwe yafunda ukubiza amagama ambalwa ngokufaka umboko wayo emlonyeni wayo.
Ngakho-ke, uthi, uzakwethu, lena enekhamera icabanga ukuthi sicishe sibe nengqondo?
9. Ngisho no-Aristotle wabhala ukuthi izindlovu ziphakeme ngokomqondo kunezinye izilwane. Ngokwenani lokuhlangana kwe-cerebral cortex, izindlovu zidlula ama-primates, okwesibili ngemuva kwamahlengethwa. I-IQ yezindlovu icishe ifane nesilinganiso seminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala. Izindlovu ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi alula kakhulu nokuxazulula izinkinga ezilula zengqondo. Banenkumbulo enhle kakhulu yemigwaqo, indawo yezindawo zokuchelela nezindawo eziyingozi. Izindlovu nazo zikhumbula kahle izikhalazo futhi ziyakwazi ukuziphindisela esitheni.
10. Izindlovu ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-70. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufa kwabo, ngaphandle kokuthi, empeleni, kubangelwe yimbumbulu yomuntu ozingela ngokungemthetho noma ingozi, kwenzeka ngenxa yokushoda kwamazinyo. Isidingo sokugaya njalo izitshalo eziningi ezinzima sinomthelela omubi ekugqokeni amazinyo ngokushesha. Izindlovu zizishintsha amahlandla ayisithupha. Njengoba isisule amazinyo ayo okugcina, indlovu iyafa.
11. Izindlovu zazisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ezenzakalweni ezazivele zikhona eminyakeni engama-2 000 eyedlule eChina. Kancane kancane, abagibeli bamahhashi bezindlovu (manje ososayensi basebenzisa igama elithi “elephantheria” ngenkuthalo) bangena eYurophu. Izindlovu azizange ziguqule izinkundla zemidlalo yempi. Kulezo zimpi lapho izindlovu zadlala indima enkulu, ikhono lomkhuzi laliyinto esemqoka. Ngakho-ke, empini yase-Ipsus (301 BC), inkosi yaseBabiloni uSeleucus washaya ngezindlovu ohlangothini lwebutho lika-Antiochus One-Eyed. Lokhu kushaywa kwahlukanisa abagibeli bamahhashi baka-Antiochus nabasafufusa futhi kwamvumela ukuthi anqobe ibutho lakhe ngezingxenye. Noma ngabe uSeleucus ubengashayanga izindlovu, kodwa ngamahhashi asindayo, umphumela ubungeke ushintshe. Futhi ibutho likaHannibal odumile empini ye-Evpus (202 BC) lanyathelwa ngezindlovu zabo. AmaRoma asabisa iqembu lezindlovu ekuhlaselweni. Izilwane zaphenduka ngokwesaba futhi zagingqa ezabo ukuhamba ngezinyawo. Ngokufika kwezibhamu ezinkulu, izindlovu zempi zaphenduka izimbongolo zomthamo owandayo wokuthwala - zaqala ukusetshenziswa njengezokuthutha kuphela.
12. Indlovu edume kakhulu emhlabeni kusenguye uJumbo, owashona ngo-1885. Yilethwe eParis isuka e-Afrika inonyaka owodwa, le ndlovu yagqama enhlokodolobha yaseFrance futhi yaba yintandokazi yomphakathi eLondon. Wathengiselwa ubhejane e-UK. UJumbo wagoqa izingane zamaNgisi emhlane wakhe, wadla isinkwa ezandleni zendlovukazi, futhi kancane kancane wakhula waba ngu-4.25 m futhi waba nesisindo samathani ayi-6. Wayebizwa ngendlovu enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, futhi mhlawumbe lokhu kwakuyiqiniso - zimbalwa izindlovu zase-Afrika ezikhula zibe ngosayizi abakhulu. Ngo-1882, isekisi laseMelika u-Phineas Bartum wathenga uJumbo ngama- $ 10,000 ukuze enze isekisi lakhe. Kwakukhona umkhankaso omkhulu wokubhikisha eNgilandi, lapho nendlovukazi yabamba iqhaza, kodwa indlovu isaya eMelika. Ngonyaka wokuqala, ukusebenza kukaJumbo kwathola imali engange $ 1.7 million. Ngasikhathi sinye, indlovu enkulu yamane yangena enkundleni yema ngokuthula noma ihamba ngezinyawo, kanti ezinye izindlovu zazenza ubuqili obuhlukahlukene. Kwakungekhona ubuvila - izindlovu zase-Afrika aziqeqeshwa. Ukushona kukaJumbo kwanezela ekuthandeni kwakhe. Indlovu empofu yashayiswa yisitimela ngenxa yobudedengu besisebenzi sikaloliwe.
I-American classic: i-selfie esithombeni sesidumbu seJumbo eliyintandokazi yawo wonke umuntu
13. Indlovu eyayidume kakhulu eSoviet Union kwakungu Shango. Ebusheni bayo, le ndlovu yaseNdiya yayinethuba lokuhamba kakhulu ezweni lonke njengengxenye yeqembu lezilwane ezihambayo. Ekugcineni, indlovu, eyadlula zonke izilinganiso zezindlovu zaseNdiya - uShango wayemamitha ayi-4.5 ubude futhi enesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani ayi-6, wakhathala ngempilo yomhambuma, futhi wake wavele washaya imoto kaloliwe ayethuthwe ngayo. Ngenhlanhla, ngo-1938, indawo yezindlovu yakhiwa kabusha yaqiniswa e-Zoo yaseMoscow, lapho izindlovu ezine zase zivele zihlala khona. Ehamba eStalingrad, uShango walibangisa enhlokodolobha. Lapho washeshe wanqobisa abantu asebekhulile entandweni yakhe, futhi njalo ekuseni wayezikhipha endlovu, kuthi kusihlwa azibuyisele emuva. Ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, uShango akakwazanga ukukhishwa, futhi indlovu uqobo yakhombisa ukuzola, yaze yakhipha namabhomu amaningi okushisa. Intombi yakhe uJindau, uShango angayidedelanga ukuba iphume, washona, futhi isimilo sendlovu saqhubeka siwohloka. Konke lokho kwashintsha ngo-1946 ngenkathi uShango enentombi entsha. Igama lakhe kwakunguMolly. Intombi entsha ayigcinanga nje ngokududuza uShango, kepha futhi yazala izindlovu ezimbili ezivela kuye, nangekhefu elincane lezindlovu zeminyaka emi-4. Ukuthola inzalo ezindlovu ekuthunjweni kuseseyindlala enkulu. UMolly ushone ngo-1954. Enye yamadodana akhe yahlinzwa, futhi indlovu yazama, njengoba kubonakala kuye, ukusindisa indlovu ekufeni, futhi yathola amanxeba amabi. UShango wakhuthazelela ukushona kwentombi yakhe yesibili futhi washona eneminyaka engama-50 ngo-1961. Into ayithandayo yokuzijabulisa uShango ukuhlwitha kamnandi isandla sengane.
14. Ngo-2002, iYurophu yabhekana nesikhukhula esikhulu kunazo zonke emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka. ICzech Republic yahlupheka kakhulu. Kuleli zwe elincane laseMpumalanga Yurophu, uzamcolo walinganiswa njengelikhulu kunawo wonke eminyakeni engu-500. Phakathi kwezilwane ezibulewe uzamcolo ekhasini lesiqiwu iPrague Zoo, obhejane nendlovu kushiwo. Ubudedengu babasizi bezilwane kwaholela ekufeni kwezilwane. Indlovu yayikwazi ukubhukuda ihambe iDanube iye oLwandle Olumnyama ngaphandle kokuthola ubunzima. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo, ezimweni zemvelo, izindlovu zicwilisa ngaphansi kwamanzi ekujuleni kwamamitha amabili, zishiya kuphela ichopho lomboko ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, izisebenzi zaqiniswa futhi zadubula izilwane ezine, kubandakanya nendlovu uKadir.
15. Izindlovu ziye zaba ngabalingisi kaninginingi kumabhayisikobho. Indlovu okuthiwa uRango idlale kumafilimu angaphezu kwama-50. U-Anastasia Kornilova, omele ubukhosi babaqeqeshi bezilwane, ukhumbula ukuthi uRango akagcinanga nje ngokwenza lokho okwabekwa kule ndima, kodwa futhi wagcina nokuhleleka. Indlovu ibilokhu ivikela uNastya omncane kozakwabo ogama lakhe linguFlora. Indlovu yase-Afrika yahlukaniswa ngumlingiswa oguqukayo. Uma kunengozi, uRango wayifihla le ntombazane, wayigoqa ngesiqu sayo. Indima enkulu edlalwe nguRango kwifilimu ethi "The Soldier and the Elephant" noFrunzik Mkrtchyan.Angabonakala nasezithombeni "The Adventures of the Yellow Suitcase", "The Old Man Hottabych" nezinye izithombe. Isilwanyane seLeningrad Zoo Bobo naso sinezithombe ezinyakazayo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ku-akhawunti yaso. Le ndlovu ikhanya esikrinini kumafilimu athi "Isikhathi Esidala" nethi "Namuhla Kuyisikhangiso Esisha". Kodwa-ke, isithombe esithinta inhliziyo "uBob neNdlovu" saba ukusebenza komhlomulo kaBobo. Kuwo, umfana owazakhela ubungane nendlovu ehlala e-zoo wanikezwa igama eliyisivumelwano. Kuhlaya elihle "Solo for the Elephant with Orchestra", lapho uLeonid Kuravlev noNataliya Varley badlala khona, indlovu uRezi yaze yahlabelela. Futhi uBill Murray unenkanyezi kumahlaya hhayi ngezinja nezimbila kuphela. Ku-filmography yakhe kunesithombe "Ngaphezu kokuphila." Kuyo, udlala umbhali owazuza njengefa u-Tai wendlovu.
