Izinja sezihlale nabantu amashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ukuqhelelana okunjalo ngesikhathi akuvumeli ososayensi baqinisekise ngokuqinile ukuthi ngabe umuntu uyayilawula yini impisi (kusukela ngo-1993, inja ibhekwa ngokusemthethweni njengengaphansi kwempisi), noma impisi, ngasizathu simbe, kancane kancane yaqala ukuhlala nendoda. Kepha umkhondo wokuphila okunjalo okungenani uneminyaka eyi-100,000 ubudala.
Ngenxa yokwahluka kofuzo kwezinja, izinhlobo zazo ezintsha kulula ukuzala. Kwesinye isikhathi zivela ngenxa yemicabango yabantu, imvamisa ukuzalanisa uhlobo olusha kubizelwa isidingo. Amakhulu ezinhlobo zezinja ezinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo zenza imisebenzi eminingi yabantu. Abanye bagqamisa ukuzijabulisa kwabantu, babe abangane babo abazinikele kakhulu.
Isimo senja ngokuqondene nomngani omkhulu womuntu sithuthuke muva nje. Ngo-1869, ummeli waseMelika uGraham West, owavikela izimfuno zomnikazi wenja edutshulwe ngephutha, wenza inkulumo evelele, eyayifaka umusho othi "Inja ingumngane omkhulu womuntu." Kodwa-ke, emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphambi kokuphimiswa kwalesi sisho, izinja ngokwethembeka, ngokuzidela nangokungazethembi okuphele zasebenzela abantu.
1. Isilwane esigxotshiwe seSt. Bernard Barry esidume kakhulu, esifakwe enkumbulweni yenja evelele kwiNatural History Museum eBern, eSwitzerland, asifani neze neSt. Bernards yanamuhla. Ngekhulu le-19, ngesikhathi uBarry esaphila, izindela zaseSt. Bernard Monastery zaziqala nje ukuzala lolu hlobo. Noma kunjalo, impilo kaBarry ibukeka njengefanele inja ngisho nangemva kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka. UBarry waqeqeshelwa ukuthola abantu abalahlekile noma abambozwe yiqhwa. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, wasindisa abantu abangama-40. Kukhona inganekwane yokuthi inja yabulawa ngomunye owasindiswa, wethuka isilo esikhulu. Eqinisweni, uBarry, ngemuva kokuphothula umsebenzi wakhe wokuvikela, waphila eminye iminyaka emibili ngokuthula nangokuthula. Futhi indawo yokugcina izingane esigodlweni sezindela isasebenza. Kukhona njalo iSt. Bernard egama linguBarry.
I-Scarecrow Barry emnyuziyamu. Okunamathiselwe kukhola yisikhwama esiqukethe okubalulekile kosizo lokuqala
2. Ngo-1957, iSoviet Union yenza intuthuko enkulu emkhathini. Ngokumangaza (nokwethusa) umhlaba ngendiza yesathelayithi yokuqala yokufakelwa ngo-Okthoba 4, ososayensi nabanjiniyela baseSoviet bathumela isathelayithi yesibili emkhathini kungakapheli nenyanga. NgoNovemba 3, 1957, kwethulwa isathelayithi emzileni oseduze komhlaba, "owahlolwa" yinja egama linguLika. Empeleni, inja ethathwe endaweni yokukhosela yabizwa ngokuthi i-Kudryavka, kepha igama lakhe kwakudingeka liphinyiselwe kalula ezilimini eziyinhloko zomhlaba, ngakho-ke inja yathola igama elibuhlungu elithi Laika. Izidingo zokukhethwa kwezinja ze-astronaut (zazingu-10 sezizonke) zazizimbi impela. Inja bekufanele ibe yi-mongrel - izinja ezihlanzekile azibuthaka ngokomzimba. Kwakufanele futhi abe mhlophe futhi akhululeke ekulimaleni kwangaphandle. Zombili lezi zimangalo zazishukunyiswa ukucatshangelwa kwe-photogenicity. U-Laika ubalekele egumbini elinengcindezi, esitsheni esifana nezithwali zesimanje. Kwakukhona okuphakelayo okuzenzakalelayo nesistimu yokubopha - inja yayikwazi ukulala phansi ihambe kancane iye emuva naphambili. Ukuphuma emkhathini, uLika wazizwa emuhle, kepha, ngenxa yamaphutha wokuklama ohlelweni lokupholisa i-cabin, izinga lokushisa lakhuphukela ku-40 ° C, kanti uLika washona ngomjikelezo wesihlanu emhlabeni. Ukubaleka kwakhe, futhi ikakhulukazi ukufa kwakhe, kudale isivunguvungu semibhikisho evela kubameli bezilwane. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaphilile engqondweni baqonda ukuthi indiza kaLika yayidingeka ngezinhloso zokuhlola. I-feat yenja yaboniswa ngokwanele kumasiko omhlaba. Izikhumbuzo zakhe zamiswa eMoscow nasesiqhingini saseKrete.
U-Laika wasiza abantu ngokulahlekelwa izimpilo zabo
3. Ngo-1991 umthetho wezinja eziyingozi waphasiswa e-UK. Wamukelwa ngokunxuswa ngumphakathi ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kaningana okwenziwa yizinja ezilwa nezingane. Izishayamthetho zaseBrithani azichazanga ngokuqondile izinhlawulo zokwephula umthetho. Noma yiluphi lwezinhlobo ezine zezinja - iPit Bull Terrier, uTosa Inu, uDogo Argentino noFila Brasileiro - ababanjwe emgwaqeni ngaphandle kokuqoshwa noma isifonyo, babenikezwe isigwebo sentambo. Kuphakathi kokuthi abanikazi bezinja baba nokuqapha okukhulu, noma empeleni, ukuhlaselwa okuningana kulandelana kwaba ukuqondana nje, kepha uMthetho awuzange usetshenziselwe isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Kwaze kwaba ngo-Ephreli 1992 lapho iLondon ekugcineni yathola isizathu sokuyiphilisa. Umngani wesakhamuzi saseLondon uDiana Fanneran, obehamba nge-pit bull terrier yaseMelika egama linguDempsey, ngesikhathi kuqhubeka uhambo ubone ukuthi inja iyakhama futhi wakhumula umbhobho. Amaphoyisa abeseduze aqopha leli cala, kwathi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, uDempsey wagwetshwa intambo. Wasindiswa ekubulaweni kuphela ngumkhankaso omkhulu wabalweli bamalungelo ezilwane, lapho noBrigitte Bardot abamba iqhaza khona. Icala lahoxiswa ngo-2002 ngenxa yezizathu zomthetho kuphela - abameli benkosikazi kaDempsey baveza ukuthi waziswa ngokungalungile ngosuku lokulalelwa kokuqala kwenkantolo.
4. Ngesikhathi sezehlakalo zangoSepthemba 11, 2001, inja eyayihola uDorado yasindisa impilo yewadi yakhe u-Omar Rivera nomphathi wakhe. URivera wasebenza njengohlelo eNorth Tower yeWorld Trade Center. Inja, njengenjwayelo, yayilele ngaphansi kwetafula lakhe. Lapho indiza ishayisa isakhiwo esinezakhiwo ezinkulu nokwethuka kuqala, uRivera wanquma ukuthi ngeke akwazi ukubaleka, kepha uDorado angahle abaleke. Uyeke ukudonsa intambo ekhololo wanikeza inja umyalo wokuthi mayimyeke ayoshaywa umoya. Kodwa-ke, uDorado wayengagijimi ndawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waqala wacindezela umnikazi wakhe ekuphumeni okuphuthumayo. Umphathi kaRivera waxhuma leash kukhola wakuthatha ezandleni zakhe, uRivera wabeka isandla sakhe ehlombe lakhe. Ngale ndlela, bahamba phansi phansi ngama-70 bezosiza.
ILabrador Retriever - umhlahlandlela
5. Izinja eziningi ziye zangena emlandweni, noma zingakaze zibe khona empeleni. Isibonelo, ngenxa yethalente lokubhala lombhali wase-Iceland nomlobi wezindaba uSororri Sturluson, cishe kwamukelwa kabanzi ukuthi inja yabusa iNorway iminyaka emithathu. Yisho, umbusi wamaViking u-Eystein Beli wabeka inja yakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi ukuziphindiselela ngokuthi abantu baseNorway babulala indodana yakhe. Ukubusa kwenja ethweswe umqhele kwaqhubeka waze wabamba iqhaza ekulweni nephakethe lezimpisi, elalihlaba izinkomo zasebukhosini esibayeni. Lapha kwaphela inganekwane enhle ngombusi waseNorway, owayengekho kuze kube ngekhulu le-19. INewfoundland eyinsumansumane efanayo yasindisa uNapoleon Bonaparte ekuminzeni ngesikhathi ebuyela eFrance ngokunqoba okwaziwa ngokuthi Izinsuku eziyi-100. Amatilosi athembekile kumbusi, amhambisa ngesikebhe ayomkisa emkhunjini wempi, kuthiwa athatheka kakhulu ngokugwedla kangangokuthi abazange babone ukuthi uNapoleon wawela kanjani emanzini. Ngenhlanhla, iNewfoundland yadlula ngomkhumbi, okwasindisa umbusi. Futhi ukube bekungengenxa yenja kaKhadinali Wolsey, okuthiwa waluma uPapa Clement VII, inkosi yamaNgisi uHenry VIII ngabe yahlukanisa uCatherine wase-Aragon ngaphandle kwezinkinga, yashada no-Anne Boleyn futhi yayingeke isungule iSonto LaseNgilandi. Uhlu lwezinja ezidume kangaka ezenze umlando zingathatha isikhala esiningi kakhulu.
6. UGeorge Byron wayezithanda kakhulu izilwane. Intandokazi yakhe enkulu kwakunguNewfoundland egama linguBoatswain. Izinja zalolu hlobo ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa nokuhlakanipha okwandisiwe, kepha iBoatswain yagqama phakathi kwabo. Akazange acele lutho etafuleni lenkosi ngokwakhe futhi akazange avumele umphathi wabaphathizitsha owayehlale noByron iminyaka eminingi athathe ingilazi yewayini etafuleni - inkosi kwakudingeka ithululele umthelisi uqobo. I-boatswain yayingayazi ikhola futhi yazulazula yodwa indawo enkulu yaseByron. UNkululeko wabulala inja - ngesikhathi elwa nesinye sezilwane zasendle, wabamba leli gciwane. Lesi sifo aselapheki kakhulu namanje, futhi ngekhulu le-19 sasiyisigwebo sentambo ngisho nakumuntu. Zonke izinsuku zobuhlungu obubuhlungu uByron wazama ukudambisa ukuhlupheka kweBoatswain. Futhi lapho inja isifa, imbongi yambhalela i-epitaph esuka enhliziyweni. Kwakhiwa i-obelisk enkulu endaweni kaByron, lapho i-boatswain yangcwatshwa ngaphansi kwayo. Imbongi yanikela ngokungcwaba eceleni kwenja yayo ethandekayo, kodwa izihlobo zanquma ngokuhlukile - uGeorge Gordon Byron wangcwatshwa ku-crypt yomndeni.
Itshe lethuna likaBoatswain
7. Umbhali waseMelika uJohn Steinbeck une-documentary enkulu, “Traveling with Charlie in Search of America,” eyashicilelwa ngo-1961. UCharlie okukhulunywe ngaye esihlokweni kuyinto encane. USteinbeck empeleni uhambe amakhilomitha angaba ngu-20 000 enqamula e-United States naseCanada, ehambisana nenja. UCharlie wayezwana kakhulu nabantu. USteinbeck uqaphele ukuthi emaphandleni, bebheka izinombolo zaseNew York, bamphathe ngokukhulu ukuphola. Kodwa kwaba njalo kwaze kwaba umzuzu lapho uCharlie egxuma ephuma emotweni - umbhali ngokushesha waba ngumuntu wakhe kunoma yimuphi umphakathi. Kodwa uSteinbeck kwadingeka ashiye iYellowstone Reserve ngaphambi kwesikhathi esasihlelelwe. UCharlie wezwa kahle izilwane zasendle nokukhonkotha kwakhe akuzange kume umzuzu.
8. Umlando wenja ye-Akita Inu egama linguHachiko mhlawumbe yaziwa umhlaba wonke. UHachiko wayehlala nososayensi waseJapan owayehamba nsuku zonke esuka emaphethelweni edolobha aye eTokyo. Isikhathi esingangonyaka nohhafu, uHachiko (igama lisuselwa enombolweni yaseJapane ethi “8” - uHachiko wayeyinja yesishiyagalombili kasolwazi) wayejwayele ukubona umnikazi ekuseni bese ehlangana naye ntambama. Lapho uprofesa efa ngokungalindelekile, bazama ukunamathisela inja ezihlotsheni, kodwa uHachiko ngokungaguquguquki wabuyela esiteshini. Abagibeli abajwayelekile nabasebenza ujantshi bajwayela futhi bayiphakela. Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa ngemuva kokushona kukaprofesa, ngo-1932, intatheli yephephandaba laseTokyo yafunda ngendaba kaHachiko. Wabhala indaba ethinta inhliziyo eyenza uHachiko waduma kulo lonke elaseJapane. Inja eyayizinikele yakhelwe isikhumbuzo, lapho kuvulwa khona. UHachiko ushone eminyakeni eyi-9 ngemuva kokushona komnikazi, ahlala naye unyaka nohhafu kuphela. Kunikelwe amafilimu amabili nezincwadi eziningana kuye.
Isikhumbuzo kuHachiko
9. USkye-terrier uBobby udume kancane kunoHachiko, kepha walinda umnikazi isikhathi eside kakhulu - iminyaka eyi-14. Kwakungalesi sikhathi ukuthi inja ethembekile yachitha ethuneni lomnikazi wayo - umphathi wamaphoyisa wedolobha e-Edinburgh, uJohn Gray. Inja encane ishiye amathuna ilinde isimo sezulu esingesihle bese idla - umnikazi wesikhungo esiseduze namathuna amphakile. Ngesikhathi somkhankaso wokulwa nezinja ezilahlekile, imeya yase-Edinburgh yabhalisa uqobo uBobby futhi yakhokhela ukukhiqizwa kwesitsha sethusi kukhola. UBobby uyabonakala ku-GTA V emathuneni endawo - iSkye Terrier encane isondela ethuneni.
10. Uhlobo lwezinja zeWhippet lungaheha kuphela abafuyi bezinja noma abathandi abanentshisekelo enkulu, uma kungenjalo ngesitshudeni saseMelika u-Alex Stein nomoya wakhe wokuhweba. U-Alex wanikezwa umdlwane weWhippet, kepha wayengakhuthazwa nakancane isidingo sokuhamba nenja enhle enemilenze emide isikhathi eside, futhi elwela ukwehla aye kude le kude. Ngenhlanhla, u-Ashley - lelo kwakuyigama lenja ka-Alex Stein - wathanda ubumnandi obabubhekwa njengomdlalo wabanqobi ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 - i-frisbee. Ukujikijela nge-plastic disc bekufanelekile, ngokungafani nebhola, i-basketball ne-baseball, kuphela ukugoqela amantombazane, futhi noma kunjalo hhayi kuwo wonke umuntu. Kodwa-ke, u-Ashley wakhombisa intshiseko enjalo ekuzingeleni uFrisbee kangangokuba uStein wanquma ukwenza imali ngayo. Ngo-1974, yena no-Ashley bavele enkundleni ngesikhathi somdlalo weLos Angeles-Cincinnati baseball. I-baseball yaleyo minyaka yayingafani neze ne-baseball yesimanje - ongoti kuphela ababewazi umdlalo wamadoda anzima anamagilavu namalulwane. Ngisho nabahlaziyi abawuqondi lo mdlalo othile we-baseball. Lapho uStein eqala ukukhombisa ukuthi yini u-Ashley angayenza nge-frisbee, baqala ukuphawula ngomdlandla ngobuqili ekusakazweni okukhulu. Ngakho-ke izinja ezigijimayo ze-frisbee zaba umdlalo osemthethweni. Manje ukufaka isicelo kumarandi afanelekile e- "Ashley Whippet Championship" udinga ukukhokha okungenani ama- $ 20.
11. Ngo-2006, umMelika uKevin Weaver wathenga inja, abantu abaningi ababeseyishiyile ngenxa yenkani engabekezeleleki. Ibhungane lesifazane elibizwa ngo-Belle lalingelutho ngempela, kepha lalinamakhono amahle okufunda. UWeaver wahlushwa yisifo sikashukela futhi kwesinye isikhathi wawela ku-coma ngenxa yeshukela lakhe eliphansi. Ngalolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela, isiguli singahle singazi ngengozi esisongelayo kuze kube umzuzu wokugcina. U-Weaver wabeka i-Belle ezifundweni ezikhethekile. Izinja ezingama-dollar ayizinkulungwane eziningana zafundiswa hhayi kuphela ukunquma isilinganiso sikashukela wegazi, kodwa futhi nokubiza odokotela uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-2007. UBelle wezwa ukuthi ushukela wegazi lenkosi yakhe wawunganele futhi waqala ukukhathazeka. Kodwa-ke, uWeaver akazange athathe izifundo ezikhethekile, futhi wavele wathatha inja ukuhambahamba. Wabuya ekuhambeni, wawa phansi ngqo emnyango wangaphambili. UBelle wayithola ifoni, wacindezela inkinobho enqamulelayo yabezimo eziphuthumayo (kwakuyinombolo engu- "9") wakhonkotha ucingo lwaze lwafika i-ambulensi kumnikazi wayo.
12. Indebe yoMhlaba yeFIFA yango-1966 yabanjelwa eNgilandi. Abasunguli balo mdlalo bebengakaze bawunqobe umqhudelwano webhola lomhlaba futhi bezimisele ukukwenza phambi kwendlovukazi yabo. Yonke imicimbi ehlobene ngqo noma engaqondile nobumpetha yenziwa ngokomthetho ngokufanele. Abafundi abadala bazokhumbula ukuthi emdlalweni wokugcina iNgilandi - iJalimane, yisinqumo sompempe ohlangothini lwaseSoviet kuphela uTofig Bakhramov esivumele abaseBrithani ukuthi banqobe isicoco somhlaba okokuqala futhi kuze kube manje okokugcina. Kepha iNdebe Yomhlaba yeFIFA, uGoddess Nike, yanikezwa abaseBrithani usuku olulodwa kuphela. Okwebiwe lokho. Iqonde ngqo kusuka eWestminster Abbey. Umuntu angakucabanga ukukhononda komphakathi womhlaba ngokuthunjwa kweNdebe Yomhlaba wonke yeFIFA kusuka ndawana thize njengeNdlu Yezinkundla yaseKremlin! ENgilandi, konke kwahamba njengokuthi "Hurray!" IScotland Yard yasheshe yathola indoda okusolwa ukuthi yeba iNdebe egameni lomunye umuntu owayehlose ukukhipha imali engama- $ 42,000 ngqo ngalesi sithombe - izindleko zensimbi okwenziwa ngayo inkomishi. Lokhu bekunganele - iNdebe bekufanele itholwe ngandlela thile. Bekufanele ngithole omunye umhlekisi (nokuthi yini enye engingababiza ngayo), ngisho nenja. Igama lomhlekisi kwakunguDavid Corbett, inja kaPickles. I-doggie, ehlala impilo yayo yonke enhlokodolobha yaseBrithani, yayiyisiphukuphuku kangangokuba ngemuva konyaka yashona ngokuziklinya ngekollar yayo. Kepha uthole isikhoji, kusolwa ukuthi wayebona uhlobo oluthile lwephasela emgwaqeni. Ngenkathi abaseshi baseScotland Yard begijimela lapho kutholakale khona inkomishi, amaphoyisa endawo acishe athola ukuvuma kukaCorbett ngokweba. Konke kwaphela kahle: abaseshi bathola udumo nodumo, uCorbett wasinda esilwaneni unyaka owodwa, lowo oweba lesi sithombe wakhonza iminyaka emibili wanyamalala e-radar. Ikhasimende alitholakalanga.
13. Kukhona izinkanyezi ezintathu eHollywood Walk of Fame. Umalusi waseJalimane u-Rin Tin Tin wadlala kumafilimu futhi waveza ukusakazwa kwemisakazo ngawo-1920 - 1930. Umnikazi wakhe, u-Lee Duncan, owathatha inja ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I eFrance, wenza umsebenzi oncomekayo wokuba ngumfuyi wezinja omkhulu webutho laseMelika. Kepha impilo yomndeni ayiphumelelanga - phakathi nomsebenzi wefilimu kaRin Tin Tin, unkosikazi kaDuncan wamshiya, ebiza uthando lukaDuncan ngenja isizathu sesehlukaniso. Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-Rin Tin Tin, iStronghart yaba yinkanyezi yesikrini. Umnikazi wayo uLarry Trimble ukwazile ukuphinda afundise inja elukhuni futhi wayenza intandokazi emphakathini. UStronghart ulingise kumafilimu amaningana, aziwa kakhulu yiThe Silent Call. UCollie ogama lakhe linguLassie akakaze abekhona, kepha uyinja ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni we-cinema. Yasungulwa ngumlobi u-Eric Knight. Isithombe senja enomusa, ehlakaniphile saphumelela kakhulu kangangokuba uLassie waba yiqhawekazi lamafilimu amaningi, uchungechunge lwe-TV, izinhlelo zomsakazo namahlaya.
14. Umjaho waminyaka yonke wesileji wenja ye-Iditarod e-Alaska kade waba umcimbi ohloniphekile wezemidlalo onazo zonke izimfanelo zababekhona: ukubamba iqhaza kosaziwayo, ukubukwa kwethelevishini nabezindaba, njalo njalo.Futhi kwaqala ngomdlalo wezinja ezingama-sledled 150. Ezinsukwini ezingaphezudlwana kwezingu-5, amaqembu ezinja athumela i-anti-diphtheria serum edolobheni laseNome ethekwini laseCiudard. Izakhamizi zaseNome zasindiswa kubhubhane lwe-diphtheria, futhi inkanyezi eyinhloko yomjaho osangene (ukuhanjiswa kwabiza izinja eziningi izimpilo zabo, kepha abantu basindiswa) kwakuyinja uBalto, okwamiswa kuyo itshe lesikhumbuzo eNew York.
15. Kolunye lolwandle olusesiqhingini saseNewfoundland, usengabona ezansi kwezinsalela zesitimu "Iti", okwathi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili lwenza uhambo lwasolwandle olusuka ogwini lwalesi siqhingi. Ngo-1919, isikebhe sokugwedla isitimela saphonseka cishe ibanga elingamakhilomitha ukusuka ezweni. Isiphepho silethe imivimbo enamandla ohlangothini lwe-Ichi. Kwakusobala ukuthi umzimba womkhumbi wawungeke uhlale isikhathi eside. Ithuba lomoya lokusindiswa kwakuwuhlobo lwemoto yekhebula - uma kungadonswa intambo phakathi komkhumbi nolwandle, abagibeli nabasebenzi bangafika ogwini eceleni kwalo. Kodwa-ke, ukubhukuda ikhilomitha emanzini kaDisemba kwakungaphezu kwamandla omuntu. Inja ebihlala emkhunjini yeza ukuzosiza. INewfoundland egama layo linguTang ibhukuda yabatakuli osebeni ngokuphela kwentambo emazinyweni ayo. Wonke umuntu owayegibele i-Ichi wasindiswa. UTang waba yiqhawe futhi wathola indondo njengomvuzo.
