Abu Ali Hussein ibn Abdullah ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Sinaeyaziwa eNtshonalanga njenge U-Avicenna - usosayensi wasendulo wasePheresiya, isazi sefilosofi nodokotela, ummeleli we-Eastern Aristotelianism. Wayengudokotela wasenkantolo wama-Samanid emirs nama-Dalemit sultans, futhi futhi waba yisikhathi esithile e-vizier eHamadan.
U-Ibn Sina uthathwa njengombhali wemisebenzi engaphezu kuka-450 emikhakheni engu-29 yesayensi, okusinde kuyo engama-274 kuphela.Isazi sefilosofi nesazi sesayensi esidumile emhlabeni wangenkathi ephakathi yamaSulumane.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography ka-Ibn Sina okungenzeka awuzwanga ngawo.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane ka-Ibn Sina.
Umlando ka-Ibn Sina
U-Ibn Sina wazalwa ngo-Agasti 16, 980 edolobhaneni elincane lase-Afshana, elisendaweni yaseSamanid.
Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini ocebile. Kwamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi ubaba wakhe wayeyisikhulu esicebile.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Kusukela esemncane, u-Ibn Sina wakhombisa ikhono elikhulu kusayensi ehlukahlukene. Lapho eneminyaka engu-10, wabamba ngekhanda cishe yonke iKoran - incwadi eyinhloko yamaSulumane.
Njengoba u-Ibn Sina wayenolwazi oluhlaba umxhwele, ubaba wakhe wamthumela esikoleni, lapho imithetho nezimiso zamaSulumane zafundwa ngokujulile. Kodwa-ke, othisha bekufanele bavume ukuthi umfana ubazi kangcono kakhulu ezindabeni ezahlukahlukene.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngenkathi u-Ibn Sina eneminyaka eyi-12 kuphela ubudala, bobabili othisha nabahlakaniphile bendawo beza kuye bezocela izeluleko.
EBukhara, u-Avicenna wafunda ifilosofi, ukuqonda kanye nezinkanyezi nososayensi u-Abu Abdallah Natli owafika edolobheni. Ngemuva kwalokho, waqhubeka ngokuzimela ukuthola ulwazi kulezi nakwezinye izindawo.
U-Ibn Sina waba nentshisekelo kwezokwelapha, emculweni nasejometri. Umfana wahlatshwa umxhwele kakhulu yi-Metaphysics ka-Aristotle.
Lapho ineminyaka engu-14, le nsizwa yacwaninga yonke imisebenzi etholakala edolobheni, ngandlela thile ehlobene nemithi. Wazama ngisho nokwelapha ikakhulukazi abantu abagulayo ukuze asebenzise ulwazi lwakhe ekusebenzeni.
Kwenzeka ukuthi i-emir kaBukhara yagula, kepha akekho odokotela bakhe owayekwazi ukwelapha umbusi wokugula kwakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, u-Ibn Sina osemusha wamenyelwa kuye, owenza ukuxilongwa okulungile futhi wanikeza ukwelashwa okufanele. Ngemuva kwalokho waba ngudokotela we-emir.
UHussein uqhubeke nokuthola ulwazi ezincwadini lapho ethola ukufinyelela kumtapo wezincwadi wombusi.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-18, u-Ibn Sina wayenolwazi olujulile kangangokuthi waqala ukuxoxa ngokukhululekile nososayensi abadume kakhulu baseMpumalanga nase-Asia Ephakathi ngembalelwano.
Lapho u-Ibn Sina eneminyaka engu-20 kuphela ubudala, washicilela izincwadi eziningana zesayensi, kufaka phakathi ama-encyclopedia amaningi, izincwadi zokuziphatha, nesichazamazwi sezokwelapha.
Ngaleso sikhathi se-biography yakhe, ubaba ka-Ibn Sina washona, kanti uBukhara wayephethwe yizizwe zaseTurkic. Ngalesi sizathu, isazi sanquma ukushiya uKhorezm.
Umuthi
Ngemuva kokuthuthela eKhorezm, u-Ibn Sina wakwazi ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wezokwelapha. Impumelelo yakhe yayinkulu kakhulu kangangokuba abantu bendawo baqala ukumbiza "ngenkosana yodokotela."
Ngaleso sikhathi, iziphathimandla zazinqabela noma ngubani ukuthi ahlinze izidumbu ukuze zihlolwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, abaphuli babelinde isigwebo sentambo, kepha u-Ibn Sina, kanye nomunye udokotela ogama lakhe linguMasihi, baqhubeka nokuhlola izidumbu ngasese kwabanye.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uSultan wakwazi lokhu, ngenxa yalokho u-Avicenna noMasikhi banquma ukubaleka. Ngesikhathi beqa ngokuxhamazela, ososayensi bahlaselwa yisiphepho esinamandla. Baduka, balambile futhi bomile.
UMasihi osekhulile washona, engakwazi ukubekezelela uvivinyo olunjalo, kuyilapho u-Ibn Sina wasinda ngokuyisimangaliso kuphela.
Usosayensi wazulazula isikhathi eside kusukela ekushushisweni kweSultan, kodwa noma kunjalo waqhubeka nokubhala. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi eminye imisebenzi wayibhala khona esihlalweni, phakathi nohambo lwakhe olude.
Ngo-1016 u-Ibn Sina wazinza eHamadan, inhlokodolobha yangaphambilini yeMedia. La mazwe abuswa abaphathi abangafundile, abebengathokozisa ongqondongqondo.
Ngokushesha u-Avicenna wathola isikhundla sikadokotela omkhulu we-emir, futhi kamuva wanikezwa isikhundla sokuba ngungqongqoshe-vizier.
Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography u-Ibn Sina ukwazile ukuqedela ukubhala ingxenye yokuqala yomsebenzi wakhe omkhulu - "The Canon of Medicine". Kamuva izokwengezwa ngezinye izingxenye ezi-4.
Le ncwadi ibigxile ekuchazeni izifo ezingamahlalakhona, ukuhlinzwa, ukuqhekeka kwamathambo nokulungiswa kwezidakamizwa. Umbhali uphinde wakhuluma ngemikhuba yezokwelapha yodokotela basendulo eYurophu nase-Asia.
Ngokumangazayo, u-Ibn Sina wanquma ukuthi amagciwane asebenza njengamagciwane angabonakali wezifo ezithathelwanayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umbono wakhe kaPasteur wafakazelwa kuphela emakhulwini ayisishiyagalombili eminyaka kamuva.
Ezincwadini zakhe, u-Ibn Sina uphinde wachaza izinhlobo nezimo ze-pulse. Wayengudokotela wokuqala ukuchaza izifo ezinzima njengekholera, isifo, i-jaundice, njll.
U-Avicenna ube negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo olubonakalayo. Wachaza ngayo yonke imininingwane ukwakheka kweso lomuntu.
Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, abantu besikhathi sika-Ibn Sina babecabanga ukuthi iso liwuhlobo lwethoshi elinemisebe yemvelaphi ekhethekile. Ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, i- "Canon of Medicine" yaba i-encyclopedia yokubaluleka komhlaba.
Ifilosofi
Imisebenzi eminingi ka-Ibn Sina ilahlekile noma yabhalwa kabusha ngabahumushi abangafundile. Noma kunjalo, imisebenzi eminingi yososayensi isekhona kuze kube yilolu suku, isiza ukuqonda imibono yakhe ezindabeni ezithile.
Ngokusho kuka-Avicenna, isayensi yahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezi-3:
- Ephakeme kakhulu.
- Isilinganiso.
- Okuphansi kakhulu.
U-Ibn Sina wayengomunye wezazi zefilosofi nososayensi ababebheka uNkulunkulu njengesiqalo sayo yonke imigomo.
Ngemuva kokunquma ubuphakade bomhlaba, uSage wabhekisisa ngokujulile umphefumulo womuntu, owaziveza ngokuhlukahluka nemizimba (njengesilwane noma umuntu) emhlabeni, ngemuva kwalokho wabuyela kuNkulunkulu futhi.
Umqondo wefilosofi ka-Ibn Sina wagxekwa ngabacwaningi abangamaJuda kanye namaSufis (amaSulumane angamaSulumane). Noma kunjalo, imibono ka-Avicenna yemukelwa abantu abaningi.
Izincwadi kanye nezinye izayensi
U-Ibn Sina wayevame ukukhuluma ngezinto ezibucayi ngokusebenzisa i-versification. Ngendlela efanayo, wabhala imisebenzi enjengethi "A Treatise on Love", "Hai ibn Yakzan", "Bird" nezinye eziningi.
Usosayensi wenza umnikelo obalulekile ekuthuthukiseni kwengqondo. Isibonelo, wahlukanisa isimilo sabantu ngezigaba ezi-4:
- kushisa;
- kubanda;
- kumanzi;
- yomile.
U-Ibn Sina uthole impumelelo enkulu kwezobuchwephese, umculo kanye nezinkanyezi. Uphinde wakwazi ukuzibonakalisa njengokhemisi onekhono. Isibonelo, wafunda ukukhipha i-hydrochloric, i-sulfuric ne-nitric acid, i-potassium ne-sodium hydroxides.
Imisebenzi yakhe isacwaningwa ngentshisekelo emhlabeni wonke. Ochwepheshe banamuhla bayamangala ukuthi wakwazi kanjani ukufinyelela kulezi zindawo eziphakeme, ehlala kuleyo nkathi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Okwamanje, ababhali bokuphila kuka-Ibn Sina abazi lutho ngokuphila kwakhe.
Usosayensi wayevame ukushintsha indawo ahlala kuyo, asuke kwenye indawo aye kwenye. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi wakwazi yini ukuqala umndeni, ngakho-ke lesi sihloko siphakamisa imibuzo eminingi kwizazi-mlando.
Ukufa
Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, isazi sefilosofi saba nesifo esibi esiswini, lapho engakwazanga ukuzelapha khona. U-Ibn Sina ushone ngoJuni 18, 1037 eneminyaka engama-56.
Ngobusuku obandulela ukufa kwakhe, u-Avicenna wayala ukuthi kudedelwe zonke izigqila zakhe, aziklomelise, futhi abele abampofu yonke ingcebo yakhe.
U-Ibn Sina wangcwatshwa eHamadan eduze kodonga lomuzi. Ngaphansi konyaka, izinsalela zakhe zayiswa e-Isfahan futhi zangcwatshwa kabusha emangcwabeni.
Izithombe zika-Ibn Sina
